118 research outputs found

    A new 'Conservation Space' ? Protected areas, environmental economic activities and discourses in two Yucatan biosphere reserves in Mexico

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    This article examines some of the local socioeconomic repercussions of two biosphere reserves on the Yucatan Peninsula-Ria Celestun and Ria Lagartos. We analyse aspects of the relationship that the residents of the six villages located within the two reserves have with their environment, by examining both the 'environmental economic activities' residents are involved in and their discourses on, and interpretations of, the notion of environment and the conservation precepts put forward by the biosphere reserves. Our research explores how the objectives of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's Man and Biosphere Programme, disseminated by biosphere reserves, are put into practice on the ground. In particular, we look at how environmental economic activities are experienced and practised without necessarily being accompanied by the integration, acceptance, and internalisation of conservation principles-and how these activities contribute, or fail to contribute, to the crystallisation of a new 'conservation space'

    Apprendre la mer au Gabon et défier les approches disciplinaires

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    « DĂ©fier les approches disciplinaires », tout comme « l’apprentissage de l’ocĂ©an », se fait seulement dans un contexte de confiance. Serge Bahuchet, qui a dirigĂ© ma thĂšse de doctorat en ethnoĂ©cologie, a soutenu cette ambition scientifique qui consiste Ă  aller au-delĂ  de l’ethnographie et de l’anthropologie pour produire une comprĂ©hension approfondie des transformations sociĂ©tales. Le prĂ©sent article dĂ©crit les choix mĂ©thodologiques rĂ©alisĂ©s pour dĂ©crire les changements qui ont marquĂ© les habitants du littoral gabonais en matiĂšre de pĂȘche et de rapport Ă  la mer et propose une analyse de ce qui guide la dynamique des savoirs et savoir-faire des pĂȘcheurs du Gabon."Challenge disciplinary approaches", as well as « ocean learning », is only done in a context of trust. Serge Bahuchet, who supervised my PhD thesis in ethnoecology, supported scientific challenge which consists in going beyond ethnography and anthropology to produce a deep understanding of societal transformations. This paper describes the methodological choices made to describe the changes that have been observed on Gabonese coast in terms of fishing and interactions with the sea and to provide an analysis the dynamics of the knowledges and know-how of Gabon's fishers

    Quand " l'eau, c'est le lien " : suivre l'évolution des réseaux d'eau pour éclairer les pratiques et les transformations sociales dans les tribus kanak

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    En Nouvelle-Calédonie, dans le monde kanak, " l'eau, c'est le lien " ; le lien entre le ciel et la terre, entre la montagne et la mer, mais aussi entre les hommes et entre les clans. Cet article s'attache à montrer comment l'évolution de la gestion des réseaux d'eau, depuis les canaux à ciel ouvert qui irriguaient les tarodiÚres jusqu'aux réseaux enterrés d'eau potable, a modelé et modÚle encore aujourd'hui les usages de l'eau en tribu, et comment ces changements modifient les liens entre les hommes et, in fine, l'organisation sociale des tribus. Dans le contexte particulier de décolonisation négociée propre à la Nouvelle-Calédonie, se focaliser sur l'évolution des changements techniques autour de l'accÚs et des usages de l'eau en tribu éclaire l'impact de la colonisation puis du développement minier sur la gestion de la ressource et l'organisation coutumiÚre

    Impact of the Use of a Teaching Toolbox in an Awareness Campaign on Children's Representations of Coral Reefs

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    Environmental education for children is one of the fundamental tools required to reverse the degradation of our environment and the biodiversity erosion. Currently coral reefs are part of the vulnerable ecosystems which are most threatened by human activities and climate change. Responding to these pressures demands decisions at multiple scales, based on solid knowledge of coral reefs but also on strengthened awareness to build adaptive management solutions. Here we evaluate the impact of an environmental awareness campaign for children using a teaching toolbox developed by scientists (MARECO “The Coral Reef In Our Hands”). To assess this impact before and after using the toolbox, we analyzed the evolution of children's representations of coral reefs through drawings. This study was carried out in New Caledonia, focusing on five elementary schools in different social and cultural contexts (urban, rural and coastal). Two hundred and forty-eight drawings were made by children. The drawings were analyzed quantitatively using multivariate statistical analyses which reveals a diversity of representations in children with diverse sociocultural profiles, but also between schools, emphasizing that relationships with nature and marine environment vary according to direct and indirect experiences related to reefs. Furthermore, our results pointed out relevant differences in coral reef representations before and after the use of MARECO, particularly regarding their knowledge of reef biodiversity associated with multicolored organisms and the connection of coral reef with environment, the number of colors being used as a proxy of this holistic vision developed by children. These results point out the performance of MARECO as a playful tool to transfer scientific knowledge to children. Coral reef conservation is intimately linked to an awareness in young generations of the environmental challenges of tomorrow. To be agents of change in a sustainable world, children must be engaged in a fun, rigorous, action-oriented and socially responsible learning process such as the ones developed in participatory approaches

    “Draw the sea
”: Children’s representations of ocean connectivity in Fiji and New Caledonia

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    In the South Pacific region, marine territories and resources play a crucial role for local communities. Children engage with these territories and resources from an early age onwards. As the next ocean stewards, they are a stakeholder group whose understandings of ocean connectivity and fisheries should be given serious consideration in decision-making processes towards the sustainable use and management of coastal seas. This paper analyses 290 children’s drawings from Fiji and New Caledonia, created in 2019 in spontaneous response to the instruction: “Draw the sea and what you and others do in the sea”. Exploring the webs of connections with and within the sea revealed by these children’s drawings and their own interpretations leads us to discuss children’s representations of the sea: (1) beyond a land-sea compartmentation, (2) as a locus of both exploitation and conservation of marine life, and (3) as a ‘place-full’ space connecting human and more-than-human realms

    Boulay SĂ©bastien, 2013, PĂȘcheurs imraguen du Sahara atlantique. Mutations techniques et changements sociaux des annĂ©es 1970 Ă  nos jours

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    Devenir et ĂȘtre ImrĂąguen aujourd’hui fait appel Ă  des dimensions diffĂ©rentes de celles qui Ă©taient mobilisĂ©es avant les annĂ©es 1970. SĂ©bastien Boulay, dans son ouvrage publiĂ© en 2008 et s’appuyant sur des enquĂȘtes de terrain menĂ©es entre octobre 2006 et mars 2008, s’attache Ă  dĂ©crire les transformations vĂ©cues par cette communautĂ© de pĂȘcheurs du littoral mauritanien entre les annĂ©es 1970 et 2008. Alors que les pratiques de pĂȘche et les enjeux soulevĂ©s par cette derniĂšre se modifient, les logi..

    Et si les ethnosciences facilitaient la production de passerelles au sein du monde académique comme non-académique ?

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    International audienceOur current practices of ethnoecology in the Pacific have been resolutely built up on the ethnosciences born at the MusĂ©um national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris and marked by several major figures of the discipline who have now passed away. Deployed, tested, bold, and sometimes shaken up on the coasts and on the islands of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans, the concepts and tools used by these ethnosciences have nourished our research. Ethnosciences have proven to be an essential field to understand the world and acknowledge the expertise of environmental practitioners; those who have regular, if not daily, interactions with non-humans. During my experience as a researcher on the three oceans, ethnosciences became the subject of debate with fishers and other people working on the land and sea, as well as with conservation and development stakeholders working in non-governmental organizations or public communities. Over time, the knowledge and ways of looking at the world revealed by this field of research have gradually crossed academic and non-academic boundaries and are now frequently at the heart of truly interdisciplinary research programs, and even at the heart of the new assessment reports of the IPBES, intergovernmental organization. In order to strengthen the science-policy interface in the field of biodiversity and ecosystem services for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, long-term human well-being and sustainable development, IPBES, after having worked on regional assessments of biodiversity, is now engaged in the production of assessments targeting cross-cutting themes in which we will see that the ethnosciences have a major role to play.Nos pratiques actuelles de l'ethnoĂ©cologie dans le Pacifique se sont rĂ©solument construites depuis les ethnosciences nĂ©es au Museum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris et marquĂ©es par plusieurs grands acteurs de la discipline aujourd'hui disparus. DĂ©ployĂ©s, Ă©prouvĂ©s, osĂ©s, parfois bousculĂ©s sur les cĂŽtes et les Ăźles des ocĂ©ans atlantiques, indiens et pacifiques, les concepts et les outils portĂ©s par ces ethnosciences ont nourri nos recherches. Les ethnosciences se sont montrĂ©es ĂȘtre un champ de comprĂ©hension du monde essentiel pour reconnaĂźtre et faire reconnaĂźtre les savoirs des praticiens de l'environnement, ceux qui ont des interactions rĂ©guliĂšres, voire quotidiennes avec les non-humains. Elles sont devenues durant mon expĂ©rience de chercheure sur les trois ocĂ©ans sujets de dĂ©bats avec les pĂȘcheurs et autres mĂ©tiers de la terre et de la mer comme avec les acteurs de la conservation et du dĂ©veloppement Ɠuvrant dans les organisations non-gouvernementales ou dans les collectivitĂ©s publiques. Avec le temps, lessavoirs et maniĂšres de voir le monde sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©s par ce champ de recherche et ont peu Ă  peu traversĂ© les frontiĂšres acadĂ©miques et non-acadĂ©miques ; ils sont aujourd'hui frĂ©quemment au cƓur de programmes de recherche rĂ©ellement interdisciplinaires, et mĂȘme au cƓur desnouveaux rapports d'Ă©valuations de l'organisation intergouvernementale qu'est l'IPBES1. Afin de renforcer l’interface science et politique dans le domaine de la biodiversitĂ© et des services Ă©cosystĂ©miques en vue de la conservation et de l’utilisation durable de la biodiversitĂ©, du bienĂȘtrede l’humanitĂ© Ă  long terme et du dĂ©veloppement durable, l'IPBES, aprĂšs avoir travaillĂ© sur des Ă©valuations rĂ©gionales de la biodiversitĂ©, s'est engagĂ©e dans la production d'Ă©valuations ciblant des thĂ©matiques transversales Ă  tous les continents au sein desquelles nous verrons que les ethnosciences ont un rĂŽle majeur Ă  jouer
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