Quand "l&8217;eau, c&8217;est le lien" : suivre l&8217;évolution des réseaux d&8217;eau pour éclairer les pratiques et les transformations sociales dans les tribus kanak = When "water is a link" : following water networks evolution to analyze social transformations in the Kanak tribes

In New Caledonia, in the Kanak communities, "water is the link" ; the link between Heaven and Earth, between the Mountain and the Sea, but also between men and between clans. This article aims to show how the evolution of water networks management, from the "traditional" irrigation canals to the drinking water supply network, has transformed and still transforms uses of water in tribes and how these changes modify the links between men and tribe social organization. In the specific context of New Caledonian negotiated decolonization, focusing on techniques and technical changes around access and uses of the water show the impact of colonization and mining development on the management of the resource and on customary rules

Mining and the value of place in New Caledonia : negotiation, evaluation, recognition

Mining is a land-based activity and mining companies have to negotiate with local landowners their license to operate. Even when they succeed in negotiating impact and benefit agreements with local communities, and start their operations, companies can face various claims and contests arising at various moments of the project cycle and that they are often unable to anticipate or analyse. The program presented in this contribution - NERVAL: 'negotiate, evaluate, and recognise the value of place' funded by the agency CNRT 'Nickel and its environment' - was conceived on these premises by an interdisciplinary team of anthropologists, geographers, and economists. It developed, following a participatory and inter-sectoral logic, a research-based approach to provide stakeholders (mining companies, local governments, customary authorities) with an analytical grid helping them to decipher the land-related contexts and issues and to identify stakes and actors. Based on case studies carried out in mining localities of New Caledonia and a non-mining site, an analytical grid was developed around the four categories of territory, event, risk, and social actor. The paper presents and discusses this toolkit both in conceptual terms and as regards its operational potential

Protected and managed terrestrial and marine areas

Workshop Biodiversity in Oceania, Nouméa, NCL, 24-/06/2019 - 25/06/2019As we are facing the urgency of safeguarding biodiversity, protected areas address the need to apply a precautionary principle (option value) to living things and their evolution at a global scale. In Oceania, for effective, socially and politically sustainable conservation of biodiversity, it is essential to reconcile the global agenda, designed to prevent the collapse of biodiversity, with the preservation of local lifestyles and the services that people get from biodiversity. Preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services using protected areas must consolidate Nature's contribution to the well-being of Oceanians

Partie 2 : Aires protégées et gérées, terrestres et marines

Atelier Biodiversité en Océanie, Nouméa, NCL, 24-/06/2019 - 25/06/2019Face à l’urgence de préserver la biodiversité, les aires protégées répondent à la nécessité d’appliquer un principe de précaution (valeur d’option) sur le vivant et son évolution à l’échelle mondiale. Dans le contexte océanien, pour être efficace en matière de préservation de la biodiversité et être soutenu socialement et politiquement, il est incontournable d’articuler l’agenda mondial de lutte contre l’effondrement de la biodiversité à la préservation des modes de vie locaux et des services que les populations tirent de la biodiversité.Préserver la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques à travers les aires protégées doit consolider la contribution de la nature au bien-être des Océaniens

World Heritage and Tourism: Towards Coviability? Reflections on the Case of Scuba Diving in the Lagoon of New Caledonia

International audienceThe largest part of the lagoon of New Caledonia was registered in the list of world heritage of UNESCO in 2008. This registration is also a challenge: that of managing coviability between economic development and the conservation of natural heritage. A survey conducted on the principal diving clubs in the archipelago allows the study of the evolution in tourists visiting the Lagoon (from 2005 to 2012). The analysis of interviews held with professionals in aquatic sports and tourism promotion agencies, along with the data from the Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, help to put into perspective the results of the study in order to make a comparison between before and after registration. Beyond measuring the attractiveness of the lagoon and putting into perspective the development of tourism in the territory and Oceania as a whole, we will address the process of listing the lagoon as world heritage site and the conditions for coviability between the protection of nature and scuba diving

Biodiversité en Océanie, un besoin urgent d'action, Nouméa 2019

Face à l'urgence de préserver la biodiversité, les aires protégées répondent à la nécessité d'appliquer un principe de précaution (valeur d'option) sur le vivant et son évolution à l'échelle mondiale. Dans le contexte océanien, pour être efficace en matière de préservation de la biodiversité et être soutenu socialement et politiquement, il est incontournable d'articuler l'agenda mondial de lutte contre l'effondrement de la biodiversité à la préservation des modes de vie locaux et des services que les populations tirent de la biodiversité.Préserver la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques à travers les aires protégées doit consolider la contribution de la nature au bien-être des Océaniens

Goutte (volet 2) : La gouvernance de l'eau sur terres coutumières en Nouvelle-Calédonie : de la connaissance des usages et des savoirs à la production d'outils de gestion et de politiques adaptés

Workshop "Au fil de l'eau", Nouméa, NCL, 17-/09/2019 - 18/09/201

Evolutions in estuary governance? Reflections and lessons from Australia, France and New Caledonia

International audienceEstuaries are cradles of life for the communities who live around and within them. They are valued in multiple ways for the services they provide to humans, including food production, recreation, water purification, navigation and amenity. Various groups of stakeholders all place different importance on these values, how their needs and practices interact, and what it means to effectively manage an estuary towards a range of desirable goals. This typically creates value conflicts over how estuaries should be managed. Navigating such conflicts requires governance arrangements and methods that allow multiple parties to find a common path forward. Using Evolutionary Governance Theory (EGT) and a hybrid analytic framework incorporating aspects of multi-level/multi-scalar governance, risk governance and territorial intelligence theory, this paper explores the (co-)evolution of governance processes by analysing lessons learnt from action in and observation of estuaries in Australia (Lower Hawkesbury), France (Thau) and New Caledonia (Thio). A multi-method research approach to data collection was used and comparative analysis across the three estuaries undertaken to understand the evolutions in each of their governance systems. From this analysis, several reflections and lessons for the governance of other land-sea systems emerge on: the importance of boundary organisations and boundary negotiations in re-defining integrated approaches to land-sea governance; how particular information systems or models, as well as discourses from other key actors shape co-evolutions of estuarine governance; and that risks or shocks still appear to be the catalysers of new forms of collective action and major reconfigurations and evolutions of estuarine governance