VIVÊNCIAS NO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO EM SETOR CLÍNICO DE ENDOSCOPIA E COLONOSCOPIA – RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA.

Introduction: The study of upper digestive endoscopy (EDA) and colonoscopy are exams that have improved with advances in global technologies. They serve as a basis for diagnosing basic diseases of the digestive system, with high prevalence and mortality in the world. The non-mandatory internship chosen in this area of knowledge aims to learn and develop clinical skills with the aim of improving the medical academic curriculum and exposing the activity as an experience report to the scientific community. Method: descriptive, longitudinal study, carried out in the first half of 2023 in a private clinic in Belém do Pará, where the intern presents its advantages and difficulties when carrying out the procedure. Results: the confluence between the curriculum and practical internship activities proved to be productive, in accordance with the objectives of the study and a new clinical experience for the academic. Conclusion: the active methodology of the medical course was passed on to the scientific community, where placing students in direct contact with care in an uncontrolled environment is essential to their training.  Introdução: O estudo da endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) e colonoscopia, são exames que se aprimoraram com os avanços das tecnologias mundiais. Servem de base ao diagnóstico de doenças bases do sistema digestório, de alta prevalência e mortalidade no mundo. O estágio não obrigatório escolhido nesta área do conhecimento visa aprender e desenvolver habilidades clínicas com o intuito melhor o currículo acadêmico médico e expor a atividade como relato de experiência a comunidade científica. Método: estudo descritivo, longitudinal, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2023 em uma clínica particular em Belém do Pará, onde o estagiário apresenta suas vantagens e dificuldades ao realiza-lo. Resultados: a confluência entre grade curricular e atividades prática em estágio mostraram-se produtiva, de acordo com os objetivos do estudo e uma nova experiência clínica ao acadêmico. Conclusão: repassado a comunidade científica a metodologia ativa do curso de medicina onde colocar os alunos em contato direto com o atendimento em um ambiente não controlado é essencial a sua formação.   &nbsp

Undergraduate students’ perception of cardiorespiratory physiology during exercise: teleological vs. mechanistic thinking

Abstract Background Physiology is widely recognized as a difficult course, which can potentially increase students’ withdrawal and failures rates. Several factors are likely contributing to the difficulties in learning physiology, including inherent features of the discipline as well as aspects related to instructions and/or students’ perception. With regards to the later, it is currently unknown how students of exercise physiology think and explain physiology in terms of its cause or consequence (i.e., teleological or mechanistic thinking). Therefore, the aims of the present study were to determine 1) whether undergraduate students’ perception of cardiorespiratory physiology during exercise follows a predominant teleological or mechanistic thinking, and 2) whether prior enrollment in physiology courses can influence the predominance of teleological vs. mechanistic thinking. Methods The test instrument was an online questionnaire about exercise physiology consisting of nine incomplete sentences about exercise physiology where students had to choose between a teleological or a mechanistic complement. The questionnaire was administered to undergraduate students in the following areas: 1) Movement Sciences (n = 152), 2) Health-related (n = 81) and, 3) Health-unrelated programs (n = 64). Students in Movement Sciences and Health-related programs were also analyzed separately in the following categories: 1) students who previously undertook physiology courses, and 2) students who did not take physiology courses. Results Overall, all groups presented a percentage of teleological thinking above 58%, which is considerably high. Teleological thinking was significantly higher in health-unrelated programs than health-related and movement sciences programs (76 ± 16% vs. 58 ± 26% vs. 61 ± 25%; P < 0.01). Further, students with prior enrollment in physiology classes presented a significantly lower percentage of teleological thinking than students without physiology classes (59 ± 25% vs. 72 ± 22%, respectively; P < 0.01), but the overall teleological reasoning remained predominant. Conclusions These results confirm the hypothesis that undergraduate students tend to present teleological as opposed to mechanistic thinking in exercise physiology. Furthermore, although undergraduate students with prior enrollment in physiology classes presented significantly lower teleological thinking, it remained highly predominant suggesting that teleological thinking is partially independent of the degree of familiarity with this discipline

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Evolutionary relationships among the analyzed primate genera, based on the phylogeny proposed by Perelman <i>et al</i>. (2011).

<p>Between brackets, the number of repetitions comprising the <i>PER3</i> VNTR for each genus.</p

Primate species analyzed in the present study.

<p>*Genomic assembly information not available.</p><p>Classification according to “Wilson & Reeder’s Mammal Species of the World, 3rd Edition”, available at the Taxonomic Browser of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History <<a href="http://www.vertebrates.si.edu/msw/mswcfapp/msw/index.cfm" target="_blank">http://www.vertebrates.si.edu/msw/mswcfapp/msw/index.cfm</a>>.</p><p>Primate species analyzed in the present study.</p

Alignment of the PER3 protein sequences from diverse mammal species, in the region corresponding to the human <i>PER3</i> VNTR.

<p>The sequences were obtained from the Ensembl Genome Browser Database (<a href="http://www.ensembl.org" target="_blank">http://www.ensembl.org</a>). Dots (.) indicate identity with human sequence. Dashes (–) indicate gaps. X’s indicate unknown or unspecified aminoacids.</p

Representation of the <i>PER3</i> human gene and the repetitive sequences associated to it.

<p>The black square represents the 18^th exon of <i>PER3</i>, where the VNTR is placed. Adapted from NCBI Map Viewer (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mapview" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mapview</a>).</p

Non-simiiforme primates and non-primate mammal species analyzed in the present study.

<p>Classification according to “Wilson & Reeder’s Mammal Species of the World, 3rd Edition”, available at the Taxonomic Browser of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History <<a href="http://www.vertebrates.si.edu/msw/mswcfapp/msw/index.cfm" target="_blank">http://www.vertebrates.si.edu/msw/mswcfapp/msw/index.cfm</a>>.</p><p>Non-simiiforme primates and non-primate mammal species analyzed in the present study.</p

Atualização do tratamento da Rinossinusite Aguda Bacteriana: Uma revisão integrativa / Acute Rhinosinusitis Treatment Update: An Integrative Review

Objetivo: Descrever o tratamento da rinossinusite aguda bacteriana por meio de publicações científicas que abordam o tema. Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL), que visa analisar a Atualização do Tratamento da Rinossinusite Aguda através de análise bibliográfica em 20 estudos científicos que retratam o tema no período de 2001 a 2020. Os estudos foram selecionados por meio do motor de busca Biblioteca Virtual em saúde, que apresenta documentos sobre a temática. Por conseguinte, foram utilizados descritores como: tratamento de rinossinusite, rinossinusite aguda e rinossinusite bacteriana. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos completos, os quais tinham relação direta com o tema. Os critérios de exclusão foram: artigos incompletos, os quais não estavam relacionados diretamente com o tema central. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através de quadro de informações dos artigos selecionado. Resultados: os resultados dos artigos analisados demonstram que na maioria dos casos de acometimento por rinossinusite aguda bacteriana o tratamento se dá com auxílio de medicamentos antibióticos, que devem ser ministrados, principalmente, quando houver um quadro grave ou a presença de comorbidades. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o principal mecanismo utilizado pelos especialistas da área da saúde para tratamento da rinossinusite aguda bacteriana são os antibióticos. Sendo que os medicamentos mais utilizados são: amoxicilina, sulfametoxazol e trimetropim em casos leves e moderados por 7 a 10 dias