Toll-like receptor expression in C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection

Here, we have investigated the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), TLR-4, and MD-2 in spleens and livers of C3H/HeN mice (carrying wild-type TLR-4) and C3H/HeJ mice (carrying mutated TLR-4) in response to Salmonella infection. During Salmonella infections, TLR-4 is activated, leading to increased TLR-2 and decreased TLR-4 expression

Adolescents’ Assessment of Two Mental Health–Promoting Mobile Apps: Results of Two User Surveys

To examine the impact of migration and acculturation of Turkish men who have sex with men (MSM) to Germany, using data from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS-2010), on measures of acculturation including circumcision status, internalized homonegativity (IH), HIV/STI knowledge, sexual orientation, outness, HIV-testing, and sexual behaviors. We compared four groups of MSM: MSM born and residing in Germany who had completed the questionnaire in German (n = 38,915), MSM born and residing in Germany, with a father or mother born in Turkey (n = 97), MSM residing in Germany who were born in Turkey or whose parents were born in Turkey (n = 262), and MSM who were born and residing in Turkey and who completed the questionnaire in Turkish (n = 1,717). Data showed that there were significant dose–response curves between level of migration and several outcome variables. As exposure to Germany increased, MSM had lower IH, higher HIV/STI knowledge, increased outness, and were less likely to be circumcised. There were similar significant findings with regard to sexual HIV risk behavior (condomless anal intercourse with partners of unknown (or sero-discordant) HIV status). Data were consistent with acculturation over generations in immigrant groups in MSM migrating from Turkey to Germany. Integration includes both cultural aspects (circumcision) and integration into a more homopositive gay environment (IH, outness, increased HIV/STI knowledge), and sexual HIV risk behavior. Migration and associated acculturation may constitute a risk change for HIV/STI and mental health issues associated with IH and outness

Resonanz aus inklusiver Perspektive oder: "Hörst du mich? Siehst du mich? Kennst du mich?"

Der Beitrag thematisiert, welche Bedeutung Resonanz in der Beziehungsgestaltung im Rahmen einer inklusiven Pädagogik einnehmen könnte. Mittels verschiedener Beispiele beleuchtet er das Potential des dialogischen Prinzips nach Buber für die gemeinsame Beziehungsentwicklung bei Kindern mit erhöhtem Assistenzbedarf. (DIPF/Orig.

Exploring Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward Mental Health Apps: Concurrent Mixed Methods Study

Background: Adolescence is a critical time in which many psychological disorders develop. Mental health promotion is important, especially during this period. In recent years, an increasing number of mobile apps geared toward mental health promotion and preventing mental illness have been developed specifically for adolescents, with the goal of strengthening their mental health and well-being. Objective: This study aims to explore adolescents’ attitudes toward mental health apps, as well as the perceived usefulness of mental health apps. Methods: In this mixed methods study, a total of 183 adolescents (mean age 15.62, SD 3.21 years) answered a cross-sectional questionnaire, with 10 questions (eg, “What do you think about mental health apps in general?”). To complement the quantitative findings, individual interviews were conducted with 9 adolescents, during which they could elaborate on their opinions about mental health apps. Results: A total of 30% (56/183) of the adolescents in the quantitative study had used a mental health app. Over half of the respondents (77/126, 61.1%) reported that they would use a mental health app if they had a mental health problem as well as that they thought mental health apps were somewhat or very useful (114/183, 62.3%). Availability was the most frequently reported advantage of mental health apps (107/183, 58.8%). Possible associated costs of mental health apps were the most frequently mentioned barrier to their use (87/183, 47.5%). Findings from the interviews also pointed to the importance of the availability of mental health apps as well as their credibility and potential to provide adolescents with autonomy when seeking mental health advice and help. Conclusions: Overall, the results indicate that adolescents have a positive attitude toward and an interest in mental health apps. However, adolescents are also more or less unaware of such apps, which might be one reason why they are often not used. The findings of this study have important implications for future research on mental health apps and for developers of mental health apps that target young people. The insights gained from this study can inform the development of more effective mental health apps that better meet the needs and preferences of adolescents

Psychometric Properties of the Norwegian Short Version of the Team Climate Inventory (TCI)

Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the short version of the Team Climate Inventory (TCI) in a Norwegian sample. Method: A multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) was conducted using Mplus. The sample (N = 1380) comprised employees working in the private- (n = 657) and in the public sector (n = 723) in Norway. A multi-group comparison was conducted to examine if the structure of the TCI fits across groups. Results: The fit indices with the original four-factor structure on the within- and between level revealed acceptable results for the total sample (TLI .91, CFI .93, and RMSEA .042). The multi-group analysis did result in significant change to model fit when the factor loadings and intercepts on the between level were fixed across groups, ∆χ2 (25) = 182.58. The individual- and group-level reliability estimates for the total scale of the TCI were satisfying, but not acceptable for two (Participative safety and Support for innovation) of the four scales. Conclusion: The results of the MCFA indicated that the short version of the TCI may be used for assessing team climate for organizations and for research purposes, but some caution should be taken when interpreting results from two sub-scales with marginal reliability

Sublethal infection of C57BL/6 mice with Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium leads to an increase in levels of toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1), TLR2, and TLR9 mRNA as well as a decrease in levels of TLR6 mRNA in infected organs

Sublethal infection of C57BL/6 mice with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium M525P initiates a strong inflammatory response. We measured organ expression of mRNA for Toll-like receptors and their associated signaling molecules during S. enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. During infection, the Toll-lie receptor 1 (TLR1), TLR2, and TLR9 mRNA levels increased, while TLR6 mRNA expression decreased

An App-Based Intervention for Adolescents Exposed to Cyberbullying in Norway: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Adolescents exposed to negative online events are at high risk to develop mental health problems. Little is known about what is effective for treatment in this group. NettOpp is a new mobile app for adolescents who have been exposed to cyberbullying or negative online experiences in Norway. Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide a description of the content of the intervention and about a randomized controlled trial that will be conducted to examine the effectiveness of NettOpp. This protocol is written in accordance with the Spirit 2013 Checklist. Methods: An effectiveness study with a follow-up examination after 3 months will be conducted to evaluate the mobile app. Adolescents will be recruited through schools and will be randomly assigned to the intervention (NettOpp) group and a waiting-list control group. The adolescents (aged 11 to 16 years) will respond to self-report questionnaires on the internet. Primary outcomes will be changes in mental health assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the WHO-Five Well-being Index, and the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen. Results: Recruitment will start in January 2022. The results from this study will be available in 2023. Conclusions: There are few published evaluation studies on app-based interventions. This project and its publications will contribute new knowledge to the field