POLA ZONASI HUTAN MANGROVE SERTA RNMAKROZOOBENTHOS YANG BERKOESISTENSI DI DESA RNPULO SAROK DAN DESA GOSONG TELAGA KABUPATEN RNACEH SINGKIL

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengenai pola zonasi hutan mangrove serta makrozoobenthos yang berkoeksistensi di Desa Pulo Sarok dan Desa Gosong Telaga kabupaten Aceh Singkil telah dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2014. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pola zonasi hutan mangrove dan menganalisis kepadatan makrozoobenthos yang berkoeksistensi di ekositem mangrove. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling yang terdiri dari 2 lokasi pengamatan, yaitu Desa Pulo Sarok dan Desa Gosong Telaga. Hasil penelitian pada Desa Pulo Sarok diawali dengan Rhizopora apiculata, Nypa fruticans, Sonneratia alba dan pada Desa Gosong Telaga diawali dengan Nypa fruticans, Rhizopora apiculata. Sonneratia alba. INP tertinggi pada Desa Pulo Sarok adalah jenis Rhizopora apiculata dengan nilai 104,28 dan INP tertinggi pada Desa Gosong Telaga adalah jenis Nypa fruticans dengan nilai 118,2. Makrozoobenthos yang berkoeksistensi pada hutan mangrove adalah jenis Faunus ater, Neritina sp, Cerithidea obtuse, Batissa violacea dan Ucha sp. Kepadatan makrozoobenthos tertinggi terdapat pada Desa Gosong Telaga dengan total kelimpahan 108 ind/m2 dan kepadatan makrozoobenthos terendah pada Desa Pulo Sarok sebanyak 43 ind/m2. Kata kunci: Singkil, Pola zonasi, Mangrove, Makrozoobenthos

HUBUNGAN LINGKUNGAN FISIK RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PEUSANGAN TAHUN 2023

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan atas disebabkan oleh Virus, bakteri dan alergi (debu, cuaca dingin, dan bulu binatang). Wilayah kerja Puskesmas meliputi 9 mukim, dimana kasus ISPA tertinggi berada di Mukim Matang Gelumpang Baro sebanyak 31% dan terendah berada di Mukim Tgk. Dikrueng sebanyak 9%. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkungan fisik rumah terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Peusangan, Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 9 s/d 25 Februari 2023. Metode Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah balita usia 12-59 bulan di mukim Matang Gelumpang Baro yang berjumlah 153 balita. Proses pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 61 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dari tanggal 9-25 Februari 2023. Proses penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode wawancara dengan observasi. Hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Data di analisis melalui univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan balita yang mengalami ISPA sebanyak 44,3%, kepadatan hunian pada kategori tidak padat (54,1%), pencemaran udara pada kategori ada (67,2%), kelembaban udara pada kategori tidak baik (59,0%) dan kondisi pencahayaan pada kategori tidak baik (57,4%). Hasil analisa bivariat adanya hubungan antara kejadian ISPA dengan kepadatan hunian (p-value 0,004), pencemaran udara (p-value 0,001), kelembaban (p-value 0,002), dan kondisi pencahayaan (p-value 0,019). Diharapkan kepada Pimpinan Puskesmas agar lebih aktif memberikan sosialisasi kepada masyakarat tentang pencegahan terjadinya penyakit ISPA terutama dalam menjaga agar kepadatan hunian tetap baik, serta menjaga agar kondisi pencahayaan dan ventilasi dalam keadaan baik

DEVELOPING 21ST CENTURY LESSON PLAN FOR ENGLISH EXTENSION PROGRAM AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

The English extension program is a program designed to meet a student's potential and interest in learning English outside of the regular classroom setting. Lesson plans are critical in directing English teachers to create effective learning to achieve the desired learning outcomes. The importance of adapting the lesson plan to the needs of students and the demands of the 21st century leads to the lesson plan adjustment to support the success of the learning process in the 21st century. Developing a lesson plan for an English extension program that meets the needs of the twenty-first century will be a challenge for a teacher. A qualitative study employed using the Research and Development (RnD) method. The data collected from a questionnaire and interview. The data will be analyzed through thematic analysis and follow-up analysis. Topics discussed are 21st century, lesson, plan, lesson plan, English, extension program, English extension program, speaking skills, asking and giving direction. the research result led to the development of a lesson plan that adjusted the demand of the 21st century, the characteristic of the English extension program, and the student's needs

Phytochemical Screening and Total Phenolic Compounds of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Secang Wood (Caesalpinia sappan) As Preliminary Test of Antiarthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease that causes chronic inflammation occurs of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by the the overproduction of proinflammation cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1. The phenolic compounds mainly anthocyanin and elagitanin have TNF-α inhibition activity that induces cyclooxygenase-2 expressions that cause inflammation. Phytochemical screening showed that ethanol extract of red ginger contains alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoid, and steroids while ethanol extract of secang wood contains alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoid. This research aims to identify the secondary metabolite qualitatively and total phenolic compunds on red ginger and secang wood with Folin-Ciocalteu method. Total phenolic compounds are defined as the Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE). The results showed that the total phenolic compunds of red ginger and sappan wood were 21.90 mg GAE/g extract and 27.65 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The phenolic compounds in red ginger and secang wood have the potential as antiarthritic

Identifying Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in OsFER1 and OsFER2 Genes Linked to Iron accumulation in Pigmented Indonesian Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for the well-being of plants, animals, and bacteria. In plants, iron plays a pivotal role in a myriad of metabolic processes, encompassing redox reaction, photosynthesis, respiration, chlorophyll synthesis, and nitrogen fixation. For humans, iron is indespensable for several metabolic functions, particularly in the synthesis of haemoglobin. Iron deficiency can lead to health issues on a global scale, therefore identifying key crops, such as rice for providing sufficient iron in diet intake is very important. In rice, the maintenance of iron homeostasis is orchestrated by various genes, with OsFER1 and OsFER2 acting as iron accumulator genes in leaves, stems, flowers, and grains. The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the OsFER1 and OsFER2 and to assess the iron content in Indonesian local rice cultivars. To achieve this, we examined partial sequences of OsFER1 and OsFER2 to identify SNPs in the Indonesian rice cultivars used (Cempo Ireng, Pari Ireng, Hitam Kalsel, Merah Pari Eja, and Ciherang). Concurrently, the iron content in the seeds was quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The analysis revealed that the OsFER1 gene sequence, specifically exon 5, exhibited a SNP in the form of a transition. In contrast, the OsFER2 gene sequences, specifically in intron 2 displayed SNPs in the form of insertions. Notably, the iron content in the seeds was highest in Cempo Ireng (black rice), while it was lowest in Merah Pari Eja (red rice) and Ciherang (non-pigmented rice). Importantly, the identified SNPs in these partial gene sequences did not exert any discernible influence on iron levels or the formation of ferritin protein.