Growth models on the Bethe lattice

I report on an extensive numerical investigation of various discrete growth models describing equilibrium and nonequilibrium interfaces on a substrate of a finite Bethe lattice. An unusual logarithmic scaling behavior is observed for the nonequilibrium models describing the scaling structure of the infinite dimensional limit of the models in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class. This gives rise to the classification of different growing processes on the Bethe lattice in terms of logarithmic scaling exponents which depend on both the model and the coordination number of the underlying lattice. The equilibrium growth model also exhibits a logarithmic temporal scaling but with an ordinary power law scaling behavior with respect to the appropriately defined lattice size. The results may imply that no finite upper critical dimension exists for the KPZ equation.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Competing Universalities in Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) Growth Models

We report on the universality of height fluctuations at the crossing point of two interacting (1+1)-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) interfaces with curved and flat initial conditions. We introduce a control parameter p as the probability for the initially flat geometry to be chosen and compute the phase diagram as a function of p. We find that the distribution of the fluctuations converges to the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble Tracy-Widom (TW) distribution for p0.5. For p=0.5 where the two geometries are equally weighted, the behavior is governed by an emergent Gaussian statistics in the universality class of Brownian motion. We propose a phenomenological theory to explain our findings and discuss possible applications in nonequilibrium transport and traffic flow.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2019) (accepted

Geometrical Phase Transition on WO3_3 Surface

A topographical study on an ensemble of height profiles obtained from atomic force microscopy techniques on various independently grown samples of tungsten oxide WO$_3$ is presented by using ideas from percolation theory. We find that a continuous 'geometrical' phase transition occurs at a certain critical level-height $\delta_c$ below which an infinite island appears. By using the finite-size scaling analysis of three independent percolation observables i.e., percolation probability, percolation strength and the mean island-size, we compute some critical exponents which characterize the transition. Our results are compatible with those of long-range correlated percolation. This method can be generalized to a topographical classification of rough surface models.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Applied Physics Letters (2010

Emergence of global scaling behaviour in the coupled Earthatmosphere interaction

Scale invariance property in the global geometry of Earth may lead to a coupled interactive behaviour between various components of the climate system. One of the most interesting correlations exists between spatial statistics of the global topography and the temperature on Earth. Here we show that the power-law behaviour observed in the Earth topography via different approaches, resembles a scaling law in the global spatial distribution of independent atmospheric parameters. We report on observation of scaling behaviour of such variables characterized by distinct universal exponents. More specifically, we find that the spatial power-law behaviour in the fluctuations of the near surface temperature over the lands on Earth, shares the same universal exponent as of the global Earth topography, indicative of the global persistent role of the static geometry of Earth to control the steady state of a dynamical atmospheric field. Such a universal feature can pave the way to the theoretical understanding of the chaotic nature of the atmosphere coupled to the Earth’s global topography

Linear Relationship Statistics in Diffusion Limited Aggregation

We show that various surface parameters in two-dimensional diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) grow linearly with the number of particles. We find the ratio of the average length of the perimeter and the accessible perimeter of a DLA cluster together with its external perimeters to the cluster size, and define a microscopic schematic procedure for attachment of an incident new particle to the cluster. We measure the fractal dimension of the red sites (i.e., the sites upon cutting each of them splits the cluster) equal to that of the DLA cluster. It is also shown that the average number of the dead sites and the average number of the red sites have linear relationships with the cluster size.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy on the Severity of Posttraumatic Stress and the Co-Morbid Symptoms of Iranian Survivors of Mina Disaster

Background: Mass gathering has not received much attention of researches as one of the potentially traumatic events in the field of psychological studies. Mina (Mecca, Saudi Arabia) disaster during 2015 hajj occurred in this context. Individuals may be at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and somatic symptoms following traumatic events. Narrative exposure therapy (NET (has been known as a therapeutic protocol for PTSD and trauma-related disorders. The present study was carried out aimed to investigate the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms and the co-morbid symptoms of Iranian survivors of Mina disaster.Materials and Methods: The present study is based on single-case experimental design (SCED) with baseline. Eight Survivors of Mina disaster who met the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder and completed inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups NET and control. The experimental group participant received twelve NET sessions individually. Data collection tool included PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), patient health questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15). Data was analyzed using the cut-off point, percentage improvement index, RCI and the Hedges' g effect size.Results: Total percentage improvement of participant receiving NET for PTSD, was 68.25%, depression 63.25%, and somatic symptoms was 53.75%. All changes in the participant receiving NET were clinically significant in severity of PTSD, depression and somatic symptoms (RCI≥1.96).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, NET has a significant effect on the reduction of PTSD symptoms and its co-morbid symptoms

Kavosh: a new algorithm for finding network motifs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Complex networks are studied across many fields of science and are particularly important to understand biological processes. Motifs in networks are small connected sub-graphs that occur significantly in higher frequencies than in random networks. They have recently gathered much attention as a useful concept to uncover structural design principles of complex networks. Existing algorithms for finding network motifs are extremely costly in CPU time and memory consumption and have practically restrictions on the size of motifs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We present a new algorithm (Kavosh), for finding k-size network motifs with less memory and CPU time in comparison to other existing algorithms. Our algorithm is based on counting all k-size sub-graphs of a given graph (directed or undirected). We evaluated our algorithm on biological networks of <it>E. coli </it>and <it>S. cereviciae</it>, and also on non-biological networks: a social and an electronic network.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The efficiency of our algorithm is demonstrated by comparing the obtained results with three well-known motif finding tools. For comparison, the CPU time, memory usage and the similarities of obtained motifs are considered. Besides, Kavosh can be employed for finding motifs of size greater than eight, while most of the other algorithms have restriction on motifs with size greater than eight. The Kavosh source code and help files are freely available at: <url>http://Lbb.ut.ac.ir/Download/LBBsoft/Kavosh/</url>.</p

National Early Warning Score in Predicting Adverse Outcomes for Patients Admitted to Emergency Department; a Prognostic Accuracy Study

Introduction: Overcrowding in emergency departments (ED) is a global concern, emphasizing the need for effective resource allocation. Triage plays a crucial role in prioritizing patients based on medical needs. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in predicting the ED patients’ outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from June to July 2023. Adult patients presenting to ED were included. Data for calculating the NEWs and emergency severity index (ESI), as well as outcomes were recorded by trained nurses, and then the accuracy of each score in predicting the outcomes was evaluated. Results: A total of 2,085 patients were analyzed. The majority were male (57%) with a mean age of 54.4 years. The primary outcome, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) within 24 hours of admission, occurred in 1.9% of patients, while the need for intensive care unit (ICU) care and/or mechanical ventilation happened in 3.4%, and CPR or need for ICU care and/or mechanical ventilation was observed in 4.3% of studied cases. Each one-point increase in NEWS was associated with a 52% higher likelihood of CPR (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41 to 1.65, p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses for the NEWS yielded the optimum cut-off value to be 6 for all three outcomes, with an overall area under the curve (AUC) of 0.856 (95% CI: 0.840 to 0.871), 0.834 (95% CI: 0.817 to 0.850), and 0.854 (95% CI: 0.838 to 0.869) for the primary, secondary, and tertiary outcomes, respectively. Conclusion: NEWS ≥ 6 was associated with a higher incidence of adverse outcomes, including ICU admission and need for CPR. The good predictive validity of NEWS highlights its value in identifying patients at higher risk of adverse outcomes