Half a century of research on antipsychotics and schizophrenia : A scientometric study of hotspots, nodes, bursts, and trends

Changes over 50 years of research on antipsychotics in schizophrenia have occurred. A scientometric synthesis of such changes over time and a measure of researchers' networks and scientific productivity is currently lacking. We searched Web of Science Core Collection from inception until November 5, 2021, using the appropriate key. Our primary objective was to conduct systematic mapping with CiteSpace to show how clusters of keywords have evolved over time and obtain clusters' structure and credibility. Our secondary objective was to measure research network performance (countries, institutions, and authors) using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix. We included 32,240 studies published between 1955 and 2021. The co-cited reference network identified 25 clusters with a well-structured network (Q=0.8166) and highly credible clustering (S=0.91). The main trends of research were: 1) antipsychotic efficacy; 2) cognition in schizophrenia; 3) side effects of antipsychotics. Last five years research trends were: 'ultra-resistance schizophrenia' (S=0.925), 'efficacy/dose-response' (S=0.775), 'evidence synthesis' (S=0.737), 'real-world effectiveness' (S=0.794), 'cannabidiol' (S=0.989), and 'gut microbiome' (S=0.842). These results can inform funding agencies and research groups' future directions.Peer reviewe

Pratique méditative de pleine conscience et neurophénoménologie. Revue de la littérature et étude clinique.

In cognitive neuroscience, third-person (objective) observation encounters an explanatory gap when it comes to studying first-person (subjective) experience. Neurophenomenology is a scientific approach that aims to overcome this problem by combining objectivity and subjectivity.It has a methodological interest for the study of modified states of consciousness since they are characterized by neural correlates induced by a conscious modification of the subjective experience. Mindfulness meditation, which has a millennial history, offers a field of research linking these two points of view. This thesis proposes to carry out a non-exhaustive review of the work of neurobiology and neurophenomenology of mindfulness meditation. In particular, the EEG, the fMRI and the PET-Scan are investigative tools that combined with the subjective experience allow to highlight correlates between neurobiology and subjective experience.Several secular meditation programs, which participate in the third wave of cognitive-behavioral therapies, have become widely accepted across the Atlantic since the 2000s. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) significantly reduces stress, depression and pain.An MBCT group, to highlight the different mechanisms at work in the prevention of depressive relapse, was conducted by the author.These integrative therapies, already present in the recommendations of good practices in the United States and in the United Kingdom, should find their place in Europe in the future.En neurosciences cognitives, l'observation à la troisième personne (objective) se heurte à un fossé explicatif lorsqu'il s'agit d'étudier l'expérience à la première personne (subjective). La neurophénoménologie est une approche scientifique qui se propose de dépasser ce problème en combinant objectivité et subjectivité.Elle a un intérêt méthodologique pour l'étude des états modifiés de conscience puisque ceux-ci se caractérisent par des corrélats neuronaux induits par une modification consciente de l'expérience subjective. La méditation de pleine conscience qui possède une histoire millénaire offre un champ de recherche faisant le lien entre ces deux points de vue. Cette thèse se propose d'effectuer une revue non-exhaustive des travaux de la neurobiologie et de la neurophénoménologie de la méditation de pleine conscience. En particulier, l'EEG, l'IRMf et le PET-Scan sont des outils d'investigation qui combinés à l'expérience subjective permettent de mettre en lumière des corrélats entre neurobiologie et expérience subjective.Plusieurs programmes de méditation laïque, qui participent à la troisième vague des thérapies cognitivo-comportementales se sont largement imposés Outre-Atlantique depuis les années 2000. La Mindfulness based cognitve therapy (MBCT) permet de réduire de manière significative le stress, la dépression et la douleur.Un groupe MBCT, permettant de mettre en valeur les différents mécanismes à l'œuvre dans la prévention de la rechute dépressive, a été mené par l'auteur.Ces thérapies intégratives, déjà présentes dans les recommandations de bonnes pratiques aux États-Unis et en Angleterre, devraient trouver leur place en Europe dans l'avenir

Evidence-based approach for treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia

The negative symptoms of schizophrenia pose a heavy burden on patients and relatives and represent an unmet therapeutic need. These last 30 years, we witness an exponential rise in research on negative symptoms causes and treatments. The observed association of negative symptoms with impaired reward system function has stimulated research for the assessment of the potential sources of negative symptoms and for many different potential adjunctive treatments to ongoing antipsychotic medication. The main objective of this research thesis is to explore both the cause and the potential treatment candidate of negative symptoms. The author explores sources of secondary negative symptoms (substance use), the prediction of the optimal dose of antipsychotics for acute exacerbation of schizophrenia, and the potential of different treatments for negative symptoms: prodopamingergic drugs, intra-nasal oxytocin, and physical exercise. This work contributes to the progress made on the road to defining the most suitable evidence-based treatments for patients with negative symptoms. Overall, further research is clearly needed to develop specific treatments for negative symptoms.</p

Protocol- A century of research on psychedelics: A scientometric analysis on trends and knowledge maps of hallucinogens, entactogens, entheogens and dissociative drugs

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Half a century of research on antipsychotics and schizophrenia: a bibliometric study of hotspots, nodes, bursts, and trend

Protocol- Thirty years of research on negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A scientometric analysis on hotspots, burst and trends of research

Protocol of the study, and results of the walktrough links of co-cited reference networ

Protocol- Thirty years of research on physical activity, mental health and well-being: A scientometric analysis of hotspots and trends

Protocol and link walkthrough video for the co-cited reference networ

Suicide in psychiatry and medical liability: A case series

The suicide of a patient is a serious event that may constitute a therapeutic failure. To prevent these situations, national and international guidelines exist. When a suicide occurs in a psychiatric hospital or immediately after release, legal action may follow, most frequently for malpractice claims related to the failure to provide reasonable management of the suicide risk. In an attempt to respond to the increased anxiety in the health care system and among practitioners, we used case reports to determine the minimum medico-legal standards that the physician must follow in the context of suicide. From February 1st to May 30th, 2019, we gathered all available expert psychiatric reports following criminal prosecutions from the University Center of Legal Medicine of Geneva. We restricted the extraction of cases to those from January 1st, 2007, to May 30th, 2019. We identified 7 cases. The psychiatrist expert provided a care setting assessment, clinical/survey assessment, and suicidal risk assessment. Improper care setting assessment was the most commonly found conclusion, but the two other categories were as detrimental concerning suicidal risk. Only one psychiatrist was condemned, but the decision was revoked on appeal. The combination of our cases and a scoping review on the subject leads to the recommendation of minimum medico-legal standards to complete individualized suicide risk reduction plans. Minimal medico-legal standards should be applied and documented to optimize care practice for the reduction of suicidal risk at three different levels: the initial evaluation, the treatment, and the surveillance