Učinkovito upravljanje brzinom induktivnog motora korištenjem metode adaptivnog upravljanja s referentnim modelom zasnovane na RBF-u

This paper proposes a model reference adaptive speed controller based on artificial neural network for induction motor drives. The performance of traditional feedback controllers has been insufficient in speed control of induction motors due to nonlinear structure of the system, changing environmental conditions, and disturbance input effects. A successful speed control of induction motor requires a nonlinear control system. On the other hand, in recent years, it has been demonstrated that artificial intelligence based control methods were much more successful in the nonlinear system control applications. In this work, it has been developed an intelligent controller for induction motor speed control with combination of radial basis function type neural network (RBF) and model reference adaptive control (MRAC) strategy. RBF is utilized to adaptively compensate the unknown nonlinearity in the control system. The indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) technique and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) methods which are widespread used in high performance induction motor drives has been preferred for drive method. In order to demonstrate the reliability of the control technique, the proposed adaptive controller has been tested under different operating conditions and compared performance of conventional PI controller. The results show that the proposed controller has got a clear superiority to the conventional linear controllers.Ovaj rad prikazuje adaptivni regulator s referentnim modelom zasnovan na neuronskoj mreži za induktivne motore. Ponašanje tradicionalnih regulatora s povratnom vezom pokazalo se nedovoljno dobrom za upravljanje brzinom induktivnih motora zbog nelineatnosti strukture sustava, promjene okolišnih uvjeta, i efekta ulaznih poremećaja. Uspješno upravljanje brzinom induktivnog motora zahtjeva nealinearne upravljačke sustave. S druge strane, posljednjih godina pokazano je kako su upravljačke metode zasnovane na umjetnoj inteligenciji bitno uspješnije u primjenama upravljanja nelinearnim sustavima. U ovome radu razvijen je inteligentni regulator za upravljanje brzinom induktivnog motora s kombinacijom radijalne neuronske mreže (RBF) i strategije adaptivnog regulatora s referentnim modelom (MRAC). RBF je realiziran kako bi adaptivno kompenzirao nepoznatu nelinearnost u sustavu upravljanja. Tehnika indirektnog vektorskog upravljanja (IFOC) i metoda prostorno vektorske širinsko impulsne modulacije koje su široko korištene za induktivne motore visokih performansi preferirani su kao metode u ovome radu. Kako bi se prikazala pouzdanost tehnike upravljanja, predloženi adaptivni regulator ispitan je u različitih uvjetima rada i uspoređeno je vladanje s obzirom na konvencionalni PI regulator. Rezultati pokazuju kako predloženi regulator očito pokazuje bolje vladanje od konvencionalnih linearnih regulatora

Cervical mucus test for pregnancy diagnosis in Akkaraman ewes and Angora goats

Bu çalışmanın amacı, koyun ve keçilerde gebelik tanı yöntemi olarak kullanılan servikal mukus kaynatma testinin saha koşullarında uygulanabilirliği ve doğruluk oranının araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada 50 baş Akkaraman ırkı koyun ve 50 baş Ankara keçisi materyal olarak kullanıldı. Servikal mukus testi ile koyunlarda % 80 doğruluk oranı, %73.3 sensitivite, % 82.9 spesivite, % 64.7 pozitif tanımlama oranı ve % 87.9 negatif tanımlama oranı elde edildi. Keçilerde ise bu oranlar sırasıyla % 70, % 60, % 72.5, % 35.3 ve % 87.9 olarak bulundu. Ayrıca korpus luteum büyüklüğü ve progesteron değerleri arasındaki korelasyon araştırıldı. Gebe ve gebe olmayan tüm hayvanlar içinde sadece gebe olmayan koyunlarda korelasyonun önemli olduğu (r=0.58; p<0.05) tespit edildi. Bunlara ilaveten yapılan vaginal sitoloji değerlendirmesinde gebe ve gebe olmayan hayvanlar arasında hücre kompozisyonu bakımından ayırıcı bir farklılığın olmadığı saptandı. Sonuç olarak, koyun ve keçilerde yapılan bu çalışmada servikal mukus kaynatma testiyle koyunlarda gebeliğin tanısında keçilere göre daha yüksek oranlar elde edilebileceği ve bu yöntemin saha koşullarında uygulanabileceği kanısına varıldı.The aim of this study was to investigate practicability of cervical mucus test, which is used for diagnosis of pregnancy, in field conditions and accuracy rate in ewes and goats. This study was performed in 50 Akkaraman ewes and 50 Angora goats. In ewes, % 80 accuracy rate, % 73.3 sensitivity, % 82.9 specificity, % 64.7 predictive value of positive and % 87.9 predictive value of negative were found with cervical mucus test and these rates were % 70, % 60, % 72.5, % 35.3 and % 87.9 respectively in goats. In addition, correlation was investigated between the size of corpus luteum and progesterone levels. Correlation was found important only in non-pregnant ewes of all pregnant and non-pregnant animals (r=0.58; p&lt;0.05). Besides, an important difference was not determined between composition of cells in vaginal cytologic evaluation in pregnant and non-pregnant animals. As a result, cervical mucus test can be used in field conditions and the accuracy rates in ewes are higher than goats

Possibilities of early pregnancy diagnosis by blood and milk progesterone test post insemination in Anatolian buffalo cows of Hatay province

Bu çalışma, saha şartlarında Anadolu mandalarında süt ve kan serumu progesteron testinin erken gebelik teşhisinde kullanım imkanlarının araştırılması için yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın materyalini Mayıs 2002 de tohumlanan 17 adet Anadolu mandasına ait (1. grup) kan örnekleri ile, Kasım 2003 de tohumlanan 22 adet Anadolu manda ineğine ait (2. grup) süt örnekleri oluşturmuştur, inekler Hatay'ın Kırıkhan ilçesinin llıkpınar köyünün Anadolu manda sürüsüne aittir. Her iki tohumlama grubundaki inekler, kızgınlıkları PRID (intravaginal progesterone releasing device) kullanılarak senkronize edildikten sonra sun'i olarak tohumlanmışlardır. Birinci tohumlama grubundaki ineklerden, PRID uygulama ve geri alma (uygulamanın 10. günü) günlerinde ve tohumlamadan sonra 40. günde kan örnekleri toplanmıştır, ikinci tohumlama grubundaki ineklerden PRID yerleştirildiği gün, tohumlamadan sonra 13. ve 21-23. günlerde sabah sağımlarında süt örnekleri alınmıştır. Gebelik, sun'i tohumlamanın 40. gününde alınan kan örneklerinin ve. tohumlamanın 21-23. günlerinde alınan süt örneklerinin progesteron konsantrasyonlarından yararlanarak tahmin edilmiştir. Tohumlamadan sonra 90. günde uterusun rektal palpasyonu ile gebelik teyid edilmiştir. Progesteron düzeyi, 40. günde alman kan serumu örneklerinde gebe olduğu tahmin edilenlerde 6.47 ±1.578 ng/ml; gebe olmadığı anlaşılanlarda 0.98 ± 0.340 ng/ml; 21-23. gündeki süt örneklerinde gebe olduğu tahmin edilenlerde 12.51±3.025 ng/ml, gebe olmadığı anlaşılanlarda ise 1.73±2.242 ng/ml dir. Anadolu mandalarında kan serumu ve süt progesteron konsantrasyonlarından yararlanarak yapılan erken gebelik teşhisinin doğruluğu sırasıyla % 90.9 ve %83.3 olarak belirlenmiştir.In the research it was aimed to investigate possibilities of using of blood serum and milk progesterone test in early pregnancy diagnosis in Anatolian buffaloes under the field conditions. The material of the study was formed by blood samples taken from 17 Anatolian buffalo cows (group 1) that had been inseminated on May 2002 and milk samples taken from 22 Anatolian buffalo cows (group 2) that had been inseminated on November 2003. The cows were belong to llıkpınar Village of Kırıkhan District of Hatay Province buffalo Herd. In both of insemination groups, after being estrus of the cows were synchronized by using PRID the cows were inseminated artificially. In the cows belong to group 1, blood samples were collected from each cow at the PRID inserting day, on the day after the removing of PRID (10 day of PRID implanting) and on the 40th day after insemination. In the cows belong to group 2, milk samples were collected in the morning milkings from each cow at the day PRID inserting on days 13 and 21-23 after artificial insemination (Al). Pregnancy was estimated by progesteron concentration in the samples of serum of blood which were collected on day 40 after insemination, and in the milk samples which were collected on day 21-23 after Al. Pregnancy was confirmed on the 90lh days after insemination by rectal palpation of the uterine contents. Progesterone concentration of pregnant and non-pregnant cows calculated as 6.473 &plusmn;1.5780 ng/ml, and 0.97833 &plusmn; 0.34032 ng/ml for blood; 12.51&plusmn;3.025 ng/ml and 1.73&plusmn;2.242 ng/ml for milk respectively. In anatolian buffaloes, accuracy of early pregnancy diagnosis by blood serum and milk progesterone concentrations were determined as 90.9% and 83.3% respectively

Studies on predicting number offetus and pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonogr aphy, analysis of serum progesterone and examination of vaginal smear in ewes

Bu çalışmada, koyunlarda aşıını izleyen 17, 25 ve 34. günlerde transrektal ultrasonografi, serum progesteron düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve vaginal smear yöntemlerinin gebelik tanı ındaki tkinliğini aştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Aşımı izleyen 17. günde, doğru anı yüzdesi (%78.0), 25 (97.5) ve 34 (%1 00): günlere göre istatistiki açıdan önemli olacak şekilde düşük bulundu (P<0.05). Aşımı izleyen 34. günde gebe ve gebe olmayan koyunların kan serumu progesteron değerleri arasında, istatistiki açıdan önemli farklılık belirlendi. Vaginal smear parabazal hücre sayıları karşılaştırıldığında 17, 25 ve 34. günlerde, gebe ve gebe olmayan koyunların hücre sayan ara ında istatistiki açıdan önemli farklılık belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, koyunlarda transrektal ultrasonografi ile aşımı izleyen 25 ve 34. günlerde, emniyeti, hızlı, doğru ve güvenilir bir şekilde gebelik tanısı yapı abileceği saptandı. Gebe ve gebe olmayan koyunlar arasında parabazal hücre sayısı istatistiki açıdan farklı olmakla beraber, gebe ve gebe olmayan koyunların maksimum ve minimum parabazal hücre sayıları benzerlik gösterdiği nden dolayı bu metot güvenilir bulunmadı.The aim of this study was to determine the availability of three different pregnancy diagnosis methods "serum progesterone assay, transrectal 8 -mode real-time ultrasonography, cytological examination of vaginal smear" on days 171 h, 251 h and 341 h post breeding in the ewes. The percentage of ewes accurately diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography was lower on days 17ıJ' (78. 0%) than on days 25th (97. 5%) and 341 h (100%) as statisticaly (P<O. 05). Progesterone concentration in the non-pregnant and pregnant ewes showed significantly differences on the 341 h day (P<O. 005). Parabasal cell count in the non-pregnant and pregnant ewes showed significantly differences on the l71 h, 25 ıı and 34ıh days. In conclusion, the use of real-time transrectal ultrasonographic scanning of ewe on days 251 h and 34 ıı of gestation offers a safe, rapid, accurate, reliable and practical means of diagnosis pregnancy. On days 171 h, 25th and 34th, accuracy rate of pregnancy diagnosis by assay of serum progesterone level was 87.5% and was lower than that ofguess. Pregnancy diagnosis by examination of the celluler content of vaginal smear was not reliable because of minimum and maximum parabasal cell count were similar in the non-pregnant and pregnant ewes

Leptospirosis in Istanbul, Turkey: A wide spectrum in clinical course and complications

Patients with high fever and multiorgan involvement were investigated for the determination of frequency, clinical course and complications of leptospirosis in Istanbul. Leptospirosis was determined in 22 cases among the 35 hospitalized patients that were prediagnosed as leptospirosis according to 'Probable Leptospirosis Diagnosis and Follow-up' form. Among the leptospirosis cases 19 were male and 16 were military staff. Mean age was 35.6 y. Dark field examination (DFE), latex agglutination test (LAG), ELISA IgM, leptospirosis culture (LC) and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) were performed to confirm the diagnoses. The most frequent initial symptoms and findings were fever, fatigue, headache, nausea-vomiting and increased muscle sensitivity. Jaundice was noted only in 2 cases. A 74-y-old female patient died after the recurrence of the disease with severe rhabdomyolysis and pulmonary failure. Sagittal sinus thrombosis, perimyocarditis and chronic renal failure were major complications in another 3 patients. ELISA IgM, LC, DFE, LAG and MAT tests were positive in 68, 72, 82, 100 and 100% of the patients, respectively. As a conclusion, diagnosis of leptospirosis is usually overlooked. Clinical awareness, use of probable leptospirosis diagnosis forms and the application of different laboratory methods in the diagnosis of suspected cases may offer the chance to diagnose the leptospirosis accurately

The effect of administration of testosterone antibody, beta-Carotene and vitamin E on multiple pregnancy and MDA (Malondialdehyde) in Tuj breed sheep in non-breeding season

In this study, we aimed an increase in Multiple pregnancy and a decrease in MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels in Tuj breed sheep which are in non-breeding season by administration of testosterone antibody, beta-carotene and vitamin E. Testosterone antibody was obtained from a castrated Tuj ram following injections of testosterone. Experiment was carried Out in 29 sheep divided into three groups. Group I (n=10) was administered testosterone antibody, beta-carotene and vitamin E one week prior to placement of vaginal sponges. Group II (n=9) was administered testosterone antibody alone and Group III (n=10) was control group. Oestrus rates were detected as 90%, 88.9% and 100% in Groups I,II and III, respectively. Pregnancy rates were found 40%, 33.3% and 50% in Groups I,II and III, respectively. Multiple pregnancy was seen in Groups I and II but not in control group. MDA levels were increased in all sheep regardless of pregnancy on day 28 after vaginal sponge application, but no significant difference was detected between the gropus((P > 0.05). It was concluded that administration of testosterone antibody and beta-carotene caused an increase in multiple pregnancy rate in sheep

Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Lung Tissue Lower Extremity Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Celik, ilknur Aytekin/0000-0003-0754-680X;WOS:000541649000005Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on lung tissue in rat's lower extremity after undergoing an ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Material and methods: After obtaining ethical committee approval, 24 Wistar albino rats (200-270 gr) were randomly divided into four groups: (Control (Group C), diabetes-control (Group DC), diabetes I/R (Group DIR), and diabetes-I/R-dexmedetomidine (Group DIRD). In diabetes groups, single-dose (55 mg/kg) streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneally. Rats with a blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl at the 72nd hour were accepted as diabetic. At the end of four weeks, laparotomy was performed in all rats. Nothing else was done in Group C and DC. In Group DIR, ischemia reperfusion was produced via two-hour periods of clamping and subsequent declamping of infra-renal abdominal aorta. In Group DIRD, 100 mu g/kg of dexmedetomidine were administered intraperitoneally. Results: When the groups' lung tissue neutrophil infiltration/aggregation light microscopic findings were compared to each other, a significant difference was observed among the groups (p=0.003). When the groups' lung tissue injury score light microscopic findings were compared, a significant difference was observed among the groups (p=0.001). When groups were compared to each other in terms of lung tissue MDA levels and SOD activities, a significant difference was observed (p=0.002, p=0.018, respectively). Conclusion Our results confirm that dexmedetomidine has protective effects against the lung damage resulting from IR in diabetic rats. However, future studies should be conducted to evaluate these effects

Effects of dexmedetomidine on renal tissue after lower limb ischemia reperfusion injury in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether dexmedetomidine - administered before ischemia - has protective effects against lower extremity ischemia reperfusion injury that induced by clamping and subsequent declamping of infra-renal abdominal aorta in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Material and Methods: After obtaining ethical committee approval, four study groups each containing six rats were created (Control (Group C), diabetes-control (Group DM-C), diabetes I/R (Group DM-I/R), and diabetes-I/R-dexmedetomidine (Group DM-I/R-D). In diabetes groups, single-dose (55 mg/kg) streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneally. Rats with a blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl at the 72nd hour were accepted as diabetic. At the end of four weeks, laparotomy was performed in all rats. Nothing else was done in Group C and DMC. In Group DM-I/R, ischemia reperfusion was produced via two-hour periods of clamping and subsequent declamping of infra-renal abdominal aorta. In Group DM-I/R-D, 100 mu g/kg dexmedetomidine was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before ischemia period. At the end of reperfusion, period biochemical and histopathological evaluation of renal tissue specimen were performed. Results: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathion S transferase (GST) levels were found significantly higher in Group DM-I/R when compared with Group C and Group DM-C. In the dexmedetomidine-treated group, TBARS, NOS, CAT, and GST levels were significantly lower than those measured in the Group D-I/R. In histopathological evaluation, glomerular vacuolization (GV), tubular dilatation (TD), vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy (VVH), tubular cell degeneration and necrosis (TCDN), tubular hyaline cylinder (THC), leucocyte infiltration (LI), and tubular cell spillage (TCS) in Group DM-I/R were significantly increased when compared with the control group. Also, GV, VVH, and THC levels in the dexmedetomidine-treated group (Group DM-I/R-D) were found significantly decreased when compared with the Group DM-I/R. Conclusion: We found that dexmedetomidine - 100 mu g/kg intraperitoneally - administered 30 minutes before ischemia in diabetic rats ameliorates lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and I-R-related renal injury. We suggest that dexmedetomidine administration in diabetic rats before I/R has renoprotective effects