Movimientos sociales y medios en el Chile neoliberal

This article focuses on the relationship between social movements and media landscapes prior to the emergence of the recent wave of mobilizations in Chile. Taking a historical overview, it provides an in-depth analysis of media, social and political issues, highlighting the implications and consequences of the marriage between neoliberalism and democracy for the Chilean public sphere and for the nature of the demands put forward by contemporary social movements.Este artículo invita a observar la relación entre los paisajes mediáticos y los movimientos sociales previos a la reciente ola de movilización en Chile. Desde una mirada histórica, profundiza en los factores mediáticos, sociales y políticos, destacando las implicaciones y consecuencias del matrimonio entre neoliberalismo y democracia para la esfera pública chilena y para las reivindicaciones que portan los movimientos sociales contemporáneos

Media and communicative practices in the quest for the commons: Chile’s 2011 student movement

This thesis is an in depth analysis of the communicative and media practices displayed by the Chilean students movement, in 2011, and the way these practices contributed to the building of a commons with capacity for the political to exist in Chilean neoliberal democracy. The thesis interrogates the concept of the commons and in the process questions literature on democracy, social movements, and media and communication studies. I argue that in the context of the Chilean student movement the concept of voice should be seen as a political commons that has been expropriated from people in three ways: as a resource that is no longer relevant for the way neoliberal democracies are run; as a relationship curtailed by flawed space of mediation; and ultimately as a form of entitlement. Under these conditions, this thesis investigates the ways in which the commons of voice can be rendered from below and the political can be opened up in spite of the hollowing out of democracies in (neo)liberal times. Embracing a qualitative approach involving interviews and focus groups to approach participants and thematic analysis and grounded theory to analyse data, the research presents four communicative and media practices: the knitting of trust in the intimacy of households and walled spaces; the displaying and representing of bodies in the urban realm; the construction of an imagined commons and the confronting of adversaries in mainstream media; the diffusing of information on the Internet and the failings of communicative exchanges on the web. These practices show the construction of a momentary commons based on practices of affection, presence, ideological dispute and collective identification that subverted neoliberal logics of coexistence, albeit for only a short period of time. The thesis hopes to provide insights that point towards the overcoming of the limitations of the communicative ecology of neoliberal democracies for a more lasting political imprint as well as imagining how politics might be done better from daily life landscapes and beyond outdated liberal frameworks

Thwarting Selfish Behavior in 802.11 WLANs

The 802.11e standard enables user configuration of several MAC parameters, making WLANs vulnerable to users that selfishly configure these parameters to gain throughput. In this paper we propose a novel distributed algorithm to thwart such selfish behavior. The key idea of the algorithm is for honest stations to react, upon detecting a selfish station, by using a more aggressive configuration that penalizes this station. We show that the proposed algorithm guarantees global stability while providing good response times. By conducting a game theoretic analysis of the algorithm based on repeated games, we also show its effectiveness against selfish stations. Simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm optimizes throughput performance while discouraging selfish behavior. We also present an experimental prototype of the proposed algorithm demonstrating that it can be implemented on commodity hardware.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, journa

The effect of the mesh refinement on a multiscale domain decomposition method for the non-linear simulation of composite structures

This article is focused on the study of a micro-macro LaTIn based Domain Decomposition Method (LaTIn-DDM) for the prediction of the nonlinear behavior of slender composite structures subjected to bending, buckling and delamination. Previous studies have shown that an adequate selection of the iterative parameters (search directions and macroscopic space) allow to improve the convergence rate and ensure scalability (i.e. number of iterations is independent of the number of subdomains) of the iterative schema. To obtain precise solutions, only the size reduction of the subdomains' discretization has been addressed (h-refinement), disregarding the option of increasing the polynomial degree of the finite elements (p-refinement) and ignoring their underlying effects on the information's transmission through the interfaces between subdomains. In this work and using linear and quadratic finite elements, h and p refinements on the subdomains and local h-refinement only along the edges of the subdomains were investigated. It is conclude that the prefinement in the whole subdomain not only enables to reach more exact solutions than using global or local h-refinement, but also the convergence rate is improved. These enhancements allow more complex simulations but using less degrees of freedom and less calculation time, even up to 97% faster.Peer Reviewe

Niveles de lactato sérico y acidosis láctica en la admisión como predictores de mortalidad en pacientes con trauma en el hospital regional docente de Trujillo, Perú. 2008 - 2013

Determinar si la hiperlactatemia y la acidosis láctica a la admisión son predictores de mortalidad en pacientes con trauma en el Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Realizamos un estudio observacional, analítico, de casos y controles anidados, que evaluó 196 pacientes con trauma moderado o grave, los cuales fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: Casos: 26 pacientes que fallecieron y Controles: 170 pacientes que sobrevivieron. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio para el grupo de casos y controles fueron 36,81 ± 16,80 y 32,06 ± 12,55 respectivamente; el 80,77% de los pacientes correspondieron al sexo masculino en el grupo de casos y en el grupo control 82,35%. En lo referente al tipo de trauma, se observó que el trauma cerrado estuvo presente en 34,62% en l grupo de casos y 57,65% en el grupo control. La presencia de hiperlactatemia en los casos y controles fueron 84,62% y 44,12% respectivamente (OR = 6,97); con respecto a la presencia de acidosis láctica, 76,92% y 1,76% de los pacientes en el grupo de casos y controles respectivamente lo presentaron (185,56). El rendimiento de la hiperlactatemia y la acidosis láctica en predecir mortalidad, la sensibilidad, especificidad, VPP y VPN fueron para la hiperlactatemia 84,62%, 55,88%, 22,68% y 95,96% respectivamente y para la acidosis láctica 76,92%, 98,24%, 86,96% y 96,53% respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: La acidosis láctica mostró tener mejor rendimiento diagnóstico en predecir mortalidad en pacientes con trauma moderado a grave.To determine whether hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis on admission are predictors of mortality in patients with trauma in Trujillo Regional Teaching Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an observational, analytical, nested case-controls, which evaluated 196 patients with moderate or severe trauma, study which were divided into two groups: cases: 26 patients who died and Controls: 170 patients who survived. RESULTS: The mean age for the group of cases and controls were 36,81 ± 16,80 and 32,06 ± 12,55 respectively, the 80,77% of patients were males in the case group and the control group 82,35%. Regarding the type of trauma, it was observed that the blunt trauma was present at 34,62% in group I and 57,65% of cases in the control group. The presence of hyperlactatemia in cases and controls were 84,62% and 44,12% respectively (OR = 6,97) with respect to lactic acidosis, 76,92% and 1,76% of the patients in the case and control group respectively (OR = 185,56). The performance of hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis in predicting mortality, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were for hiperlactatemia 84,62%, 55,88%, 22,68% and 95,96% respectively and for lactic acidosis 76,92%, 98,24%, 86,96% and 96,53% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Lactic acidosis showed to have better diagnostic performance in predicting mortality in patients with moderate to severe traumaTesi

Análisis y caracterización de la gestión didáctica del docente en una secuencia didáctica sobre la continuidad y límite, desde la teoría de situaciones didácticas

En esta investigación, se caracteriza la gestión didáctica del docente tomando como marco teórico una complementación entre la Teoría de Situaciones Didácticas de Brousseau (1986) y la Teoría de la Interactividad de Coll & otros (1995). Para caracterizar esta gestión se diseñó un instrumento con las siguientes unidades de análisis: regulaciones del contrato didáctico, actos de devolución y tipos de situaciones. Teniendo como guías estas unidades, se examina la gestión didáctica del docente desarrollada en un curso de cálculo I en la Universidad del Valle, en dos etapas: desde el marco teórico, y desde el análisis experimental de cuatro registros fílmicos seleccionados. Siendo dicha caracterización el producto del contraste entre lo expuesto en el marco teórico y el análisis experimental

Parallelization using a BDD-C of a multiscale strategy with non lineal localization based on a NKS

En trabajos previos la localización no lineal fue presentada y estudiada para casos de grandes desplazamientos pero solo para problemas de estructuras con respuestas globales estables y resueltos de manera secuencial. En este trabajo se presenta la paralelización de esta estrategia de cálculo mediante el método Balancing Domain Decomposition by Constrains (BDD-C). Finalmente, se realiza una validación de la implementación en elasticidad lineal, mediante la comprobación del speed-up y la extensibilidad numérica.In previous works, the nonlinear localization was first presented and studied in the case of large displacements but only for globally stable structural responses. In this paper, the parallelization of this computational strategy using a Balancing Domain Decomposition by Constrains (BDD-C) is presented. Finally, a validation of this implementation is carried out in lineal elasticity, verifying the speed-up and the numerical extensibility.Peer Reviewe

A MALST method comparison over univariate kinetic modeling for determination of shelf-life in cereal snack of dried apples

AbstractA Multivariate Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (MALST) study in cereal of dried apple snack incubated at 18°C, 25°C and 35°C. Quality attributes were analyzed until 18 months. The data obtained were used to modeling univariate and multivariate kinetic, through Principal Componenent Analysis PCA. PCA could explain the interaction between attributes; which would imply that model reflected in terms of variability, biochemical phenomena associated with the deterioration of the product. There was a good relationship between both models in the Shel-life estimated with the comparative advantage that MALST method could model simultaneously the complete and “all at once” phenomenon of deterioration

Incentivos y Eficiencia en Gasto Público

Este trabajo describe y analiza críticamente la gestión interna del gasto público. Si bien el trabajo se centra en el amplio rol del Estado en la provisión de bienes y servicios, el foco particular está puesto en el rol de los incentivos que tienen las entidades públicas para que el gasto sea hecho en forma eficiente. Detrás de esta mirada está la hipótesis de que la base del problema de eficiencia del accionar del Estado radica en la inexistencia de mecanismos adecuados de incentivos y control, tanto a nivel de individuos como al nivel de organismos públicos. Se sostiene en el trabajo que el Estado tiene la posibilidad de introducir cambios que mejoren la eficiencia del gasto público y lograr impactos significativos en el PIB. Algunas recomendaciones de política para Chile que se entregan en esta dirección son i) profundizar y generalizar a todas las instituciones del Estado el uso de indicadores de desempeño al presupuesto, ii) implementar un control de la ejecución presupuestaria más dinámico y exhaustivo que el actual, iii) diseñar programas de privatización de empresas públicas que no tienen justificación económica para permanecer como tales, o que son susceptibles de ser concesionadas, y iv) avanzar hacia un sistema privado de evaluación de las inversiones públicas, en particular en obras de infraestructura.Gasto Público, Privatizaciones, Incentivos, Institucionalidad Económica