Analysis on Barriers to Development of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in Health Sector of Pakistan: Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach

Introduction: In the recent years, public-private partnership (PPP) has become one of the most commonly used mechanisms with regards to providing healthcare services in various countries, and the ventures have gone successful. Despite of many accomplishments, still there are many challenges to development of PPP projects in the health care sector of Pakistan. Purpose: Current research was conducted to identify the most critical barriers in public-private partnerships in health sector of Pakistan using the Analytic hierarchy process technique. Methods: Based on the literature review and responses of interviewees, AHP model was developed. The model was developed with five main criteria barriers and twenty-one sub-criteria barriers. All the barriers were analyzed through pairwise comparisons to calculate relative weights and rankings as per experts’ evaluations. Results: A total of fourteen participants’ responses were analyzed and their relative weights were calculated. The criteria ranking was evaluated from the most influential to the least influential as follows: governance and regulatory barriers (w=0.4633), financial barriers (w=0.2465), socio-cultural barriers (w=0.1534), political barriers (w=0.0898), and technical and legal barriers (w=0.0471). Conclusion: Based on the results, it is concluded that decision-makers/policy-makers may consider the most influential barriers and their ranking while formulating the policies to develop PPPs in the healthcare sector Pakistan. After, eliminating the critical barriers, the policies and strategies may become more effective and efficient.open석

Development of mathematical model and optimization of GMA welding parameters of IS 2062 grade A steel weldments

In this experimental works, the effect of GMA welding process parameters, such as arc voltage, wire feed speed, and gas flow rate on the mechanical quality of IS 2062 structural steel of grade A has been studied. Process parameters play an important role in determining the weld quality. In this research work response surface methodology (RSM) technique via design expert (DOE) 12 version software was applied to determining the weld quality and also to develop a mathematical model that can predict the main effect of the above said parameters on weld quality i.e. toughness and hardness. A set of experiments has been conducted to collect the data using a central composite design and ANOVA was used to predict the impact of welding parameters on toughness and hardness and Comparison also made between the actual result and predicted value and from the result that is clear that toughness and hardness of weldment is significantly affected by arc voltage, wire feed speed, and follow by gas flow rate

Contribution of the Microfinance on Economic Development

This paper examines the contribution of the microfinance on the economic development in west Punjab. Emphasis is made on the primary data which is used to show the relationship of the dependent variable and independent variables. By use of the SPSS software the descriptive analysis, reliability test and correlation analysis for checking the relationship among the variables.  It was revealed form the finding that independent variables have significance impact on dependent variable. Research objective achieve by filling the 31 different types of the questionnaires. The sample size of this research contains 100 and population of this research from the different areas of west Punjab. Bank managers who are interested to improve their performance can read this research. Keyword: Microfinance, living standard, investment, economic developmen

Applications of the Buccal Fat Pad in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

The buccal fat pad (BFP) has become more and more popular in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Originally, it was described as an anatomic structure without any obvious function; it was even considered to be a surgical nuisance. Nowadays, the most reported application of the BFP is the closure of oroantral communications. In this chapter, different aspects of the BFP such as its applications, anatomy, physiology, and complications are explained

Decoding children dental health risks:a machine learning approach to identifying key influencing factors

Introduction and objectives: This study investigates key factors influencing dental caries risk in children aged 7 and under using machine learning techniques. By addressing dental caries’ prevalence, it aims to enhance early identification and preventative strategies for high-risk individuals. Methods: Data from clinical examinations of 356 children were analyzed using Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, and Random Forests models. These models assessed the influence of dietary habits, fluoride exposure, and socio-economic status on caries risk, emphasizing accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC metrics. Results: Poor oral hygiene, high sugary diet, and low fluoride exposure were identified as significant caries risk factors. The Random Forest model demonstrated superior performance, illustrating the potential of machine learning in complex health data analysis. Our SHAP analysis identified poor oral hygiene, high sugary diet, and low fluoride exposure as significant caries risk factors. Conclusion: Machine learning effectively identifies and quantifies dental caries risk factors in children. This approach supports targeted interventions and preventive measures, improving pediatric dental health outcomes. Clinical significance: By leveraging machine learning to pinpoint crucial caries risk factors, this research lays the groundwork for data-driven preventive strategies, potentially reducing caries prevalence and promoting better dental health in children

Decoding children dental health risks:a machine learning approach to identifying key influencing factors

Introduction and objectives: This study investigates key factors influencing dental caries risk in children aged 7 and under using machine learning techniques. By addressing dental caries’ prevalence, it aims to enhance early identification and preventative strategies for high-risk individuals. Methods: Data from clinical examinations of 356 children were analyzed using Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, and Random Forests models. These models assessed the influence of dietary habits, fluoride exposure, and socio-economic status on caries risk, emphasizing accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC metrics. Results: Poor oral hygiene, high sugary diet, and low fluoride exposure were identified as significant caries risk factors. The Random Forest model demonstrated superior performance, illustrating the potential of machine learning in complex health data analysis. Our SHAP analysis identified poor oral hygiene, high sugary diet, and low fluoride exposure as significant caries risk factors. Conclusion: Machine learning effectively identifies and quantifies dental caries risk factors in children. This approach supports targeted interventions and preventive measures, improving pediatric dental health outcomes. Clinical significance: By leveraging machine learning to pinpoint crucial caries risk factors, this research lays the groundwork for data-driven preventive strategies, potentially reducing caries prevalence and promoting better dental health in children

Biological movement of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Pakistan; A pioneer project of CEMB, Punjab, Pakistan

Background: In Asia, germ plasm exchange in different ecosystems, has been observed. This exchange causes movement of different pathogens. In present study, we worked on movement of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causing bacterial blight of rice. In 1976, this disease was first recorded from Punjab (Pakistan) but the cultivars of that time showed resistance against bacterial blight. Then in 1984, the disease was seen on IRRI9. Tremendous increase of this pathogen has become prevalent due to increase in demand of Basmati 385 (cultivar), and now it is one of the most important rice diseases in Pakistan. Hypothesis of present study is “there is genetic diversity of Xoo in different rice growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan.”Methods: By fingerprinting; the movement pattern of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were searched out in present study. The IS1112; a repetitive element of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was used to fingerprint twenty-one bacterial strains.Results: We compared local strains with that of provided by IRRI Philippine (International Rice Research Institute, Philippine). The obtained clusters were correlated with regional differentiation.Conclusion: Present reported work is the pioneer study (1998-2000) which clued the occurrence of regional movement of pathogen via germ plasm exchange. This study may also provide help to forensics to watch the bioterrorism.Keywords: Bacterial blight; Xanthomonas oryzae; Germ plasm; Genetic diversity; SAARC