RAMARL: Robustness Analysis with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning - Robust Reasoning in Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems

A key driver to offering smart services is an infrastructure of Cyber-Physical systems (CPS)s. By definition, CPSs are intertwined physical and computational components that integrate physical behaviour with computation. The reason is to autonomously execute a task or a set of tasks providing a service or a list of end-users services. In real-life applications, CPSs operate in dynamically changing surroundings characterized by unexpected or unpredictable situations. Such operations involve complex interactions between multiple intelligent agents in a highly non-stationary environment. For safety reasons, a CPS should withstand a certain amount of disruption and exert the operations in a stable and robust manner when performing complex tasks. Recent advances in reinforcement learning have proven suitable for enabling multi-agents to robustly adapt to their environment, yet they often depend on a massive amount of training data and experiences. In these cases, robustness analysis outlines necessary components and specifications in a framework, ensuring reliable and stable behaviour while considering the dynamicity of the environment. This paper presents a combination of multi-agent reinforcement learning with robustness analysis shaping a cyber-physical system infrastructure that reasons robustly in a dynamically changing environment. The combination strengthens the reinforcement learning, increasing the reliability and flexibility of the system by applying robustness analysis. Robustness analysis identifies vulnerability issues when the system interacts within a dynamically changing environment. Based on this identification, when incorporated into the system, robustness analysis suggests robust solutions and actions rather than optimal ones provided by reinforcement learning alone. Results from the combination show that this infrastructure can enable reliable operations with the flexibility to adapt to the changing environment dynamics.publishedVersio

Measuring the Comparative and Competitive Advantage of Iraqi Dates Production Using the Policy Analysis Matrix

Purpose: This study came to analyze the impact of government intervention in the production of this important crop and to determine the extent of its global competition and whether it has a comparative advantage in its production or not.   Theoretical framework: Dates are the most prominent representative of Iraq's foreign trade of commodities and agricultural products, which requires attention to that identity of Iraqi agriculture abroad. Interest in producing dates and improving their performance at the local and international levels is a necessity to revive the national economy and the agricultural economy alike.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The research aimed to measure the impact of agricultural government intervention in the production and export of Iraqi dates through the study of the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) and protection coefficients, and some macro policies related to the subject of the study.   Findings: The key finding of this research was the results of the policy analysis matrix for one acre of dates both showed that the selling prices of dates at the local level are lower than their prices at the global level, and this is what prompts farmers to export dates. It appeared through the commodity system has the ability to compete locally, but at lower levels than what is achieved at the level of social prices. Research, practical and social implications: This study contributes to analysis the impact of government intervention in the production of IRAQI DATES crop and to determine the extent of its global competition.   Originality/Value: The study recommends that the state should support the producers of dates and provides them with the necessary production requirements such as fertilizers, pesticides, fuel and others, and encourage the cultivation of high-quality and abundantly produced varieties and the introduction of modern technologies in this field. This maintains price stability

Data (Video) Encryption in Mobile devices

In the development of 3G devices, all elements of multimedia (text, image, audio, and video) are becoming crucial choice for communication. The secured system in 3G devices has become an issue of importance, on which lot of research is going on. The traditional cryptosystem like DES, AES, and RSA do not able to meet with the properties of the new generation of digital mobile devices. This paper presents an implementation of video protection of fully encrypted using Elliptic Curve   Cryptography (ECC) on a mobile device. The Android platform is used for this purpose.  The results refer that the two important criteria of video mobile encryption: the short computation time required and high confidentially are provided

Robust Reasoning for Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems in Dynamic Environments

Autonomous cyber-physical systems, CPS, in dynamic environments must work impeccably. The cyber-physical systems must handle tasks consistently and trustworthily, i.e., with a robust behavior. Robust systems, in general, require making valid and solid decisions using one or a combination of robust reasoning strategies, algorithms, and robustness analysis. However, in dynamic environments, data can be incomplete, skewed, contradictory, and redundant impacting the reasoning. Basing decisions on these data can lead to inconsistent, irrational, and unreasonable cyber-physical systems' movements, adversely impacting the system’s reliability and integrity. This paper presents the assessment of robust reasoning for autonomous cyber-physical systems in dynamic environments. In this work, robust reasoning is considered as 1) the capability of drawing conclusions with available data by applying classical and non-classical reasoning strategies and algorithms and 2) act and react robustly and safely in dynamic environments by employing robustness analysis to provide options on possible actions and evaluate alternative decisions. The result of the research shows that different common existing strategies, algorithms and analyses can be provided together with a comparison of their applicabilities, benefits, and drawbacks in the context of cyber-physical systems operating in dynamically changing environments. The conclusion is that robust reasoning in cyber-physical systems can handle dynamic environments. Moreover, combining these strategies and algorithms with robustness analysis can support achieving robust behavior in autonomous cyber-physical systems while operating in dynamically changing environments

Investment Jute Fiber as Environmental Waste to Reinforcement Polyester Resin, Epoxy Resin and its Mixtures Used in home applications

In this paper , hand lay - up method was employed to prepare three models of polymeric materials and their compositions before and after reinforcement with different Volume fractions ( 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 ) %. First group ( G1 ) consists of unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with Jute Fiber which that cut to length ( 5mm ) with Volume fraction that above - mentioned, and the second group ( G2 ) consists of Epoxy resin reinforced with the same fiber, as for the third group ( G3 ) ; consists of polymeric Blend ( 75% Epoxy + 25% Unsaturated polyester resin ) reinforced with the same fiber. Experimental results includes, Tests of Impact Strength and Thermal conductivity. For a different volume fractions of a samples ( all samples ) , the results showed that Impact strength increases with increasing volume fraction while thermal conductivity decreases by increase it

Study Effects of Contraceptives On Serum Electrolytes and lipid profile in Samarra City

This study included ( 150 ) samples of women used Contraceptives in  (Samaraa General Hospital) (30) blood draw pulled from healthy women as  Control sample. The samples were divided into three groups; the first group: -(60) women used combined oral contraceptive pill (COCs)  the second group: -(60) women used Progesterone Only Pills(POPs). The third group was the healthy women. The results of the study indicated significant numbers decrease in the Concentration of the Potassium Ion at level (P <0.001) and significant increase in the Concentration of the Sodium Ion at level (P <0.001) when compared to the control group. The results revealed significant decrease in the proteins of the blood (Total protein, Albumin) at level (P <0.001)when compared to the control group. while the results showed a rise in the concentration level of Cholesterol, Triglyceride at level (P <0.001)and significant decrease in the HDL when compared to the control group

Study Effects of Contraceptives On Serum Electrolytes and lipid profile in Samarra City

This study included ( 150 ) samples of women used Contraceptives in  (Samaraa General Hospital) (30) blood draw pulled from healthy women as  Control sample. The samples were divided into three groups; the first group: -(60) women used combined oral contraceptive pill (COCs)  the second group: -(60) women used Progesterone Only Pills(POPs). The third group was the healthy women. The results of the study indicated significant numbers decrease in the Concentration of the Potassium Ion at level (P <0.001) and significant increase in the Concentration of the Sodium Ion at level (P <0.001) when compared to the control group. The results revealed significant decrease in the proteins of the blood (Total protein, Albumin) at level (P <0.001)when compared to the control group. while the results showed a rise in the concentration level of Cholesterol, Triglyceride at level (P <0.001)and significant decrease in the HDL when compared to the control group

Fluorescent nanocomposite of embedded ceria nanoparticles in crosslinked PVA electrospun nanofibers

This paper introduces a new fluorescent nanocomposite of electrospun biodegradable nanofibers embedded with optical nanoparticles. In detail, this work introduces the fluorescence properties of PVA nanofibers generated by the electrospinning technique with embedded cerium oxide (ceria) nanoparticles. Under near-ultra violet excitation, the synthesized nanocomposite generates a visible fluorescent emission at 520 nm, varying its intensity peak according to the concentration of in situ embedded ceria nanoparticles. This is due to the fact that the embedded ceria nanoparticles have optical tri-valiant cerium ions, associated with formed oxygen vacancies, with a direct allowed bandgap around 3.5 eV. In addition, the impact of chemical crosslinking of the PVA on the fluorescence emission is studied in both cases of adding ceria nanoparticles in situ or of a post-synthesis addition via a spin-coating mechanism. Other optical and structural characteristics such as absorbance dispersion, direct bandgap, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM analysis are presented. The synthesized optical nanocomposite could be helpful in different applications such as environmental monitoring and bioimaging