1,130 research outputs found
Measuring home advantage in Spanish Football (1928-2011)
Pollard (1986) estableciĂł el procedimiento para analizar la ventaja de jugar en casa, efecto que en tĂ©rminos anglosajones se denomina âhome advantageâ (HA). La HA ha sido estudiada en multitud de deportes, tanto individuales como de equipo, determinando su existencia y sus posibles causas. Este artĂculo analiza la HA de la primera divisiĂłn de fĂștbol español a lo largo de su historia (desde 1928 hasta el 2011). La muestra es de 80 temporadas y 22.015 partidos jugados en las competiciones de liga de mĂĄxima categorĂa española. La HA es de 70,8±0,14 en las mĂĄximas categorĂas del fĂștbol español en la Ă©poca en la que el valor de la victoria era de dos puntos (1928-1995) y de 56,7±0,14 cuando se otorgan tres puntos por la victoria (1995-2011Pollard (1986) established the procedure for analyzing the home advantage (HA). The HA has been studied in many different sports, both individual and team sports, determining its existence and its possible causes. This article analyzes the HA of the first division of Spanish football across the history (from 1928 until 2011). The sample is of 80 seasons and 22015 games of the highest level in Spain. The HA (mean±sd) is of 70.8±0.14 in the highest category in Spanish football during the period when a victory was worth two points (1928-1995) and 56.7±0.14 when three points were awarded for a victory (1995-2011
Mitochondrial targeting adaptation of the hominoid-specific glutamate dehydrogenase driven by positive Darwinian selection
Many new gene copies emerged by gene duplication in hominoids, but little is known with respect to their functional evolution. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD) is an enzyme central to the glutamate and energy metabolism of the cell. In addition to the single, GLUD-encoding gene present in all mammals (GLUD1), humans and apes acquired a second GLUD gene (GLUD2) through retroduplication of GLUD1, which codes for an enzyme with unique, potentially brain-adapted properties. Here we show that whereas the GLUD1 parental protein localizes to mitochondria and the cytoplasm, GLUD2 is specifically targeted to mitochondria. Using evolutionary analysis and resurrected ancestral protein variants, we demonstrate that the enhanced mitochondrial targeting specificity of GLUD2 is due to a single positively selected glutamic acid-to-lysine substitution, which was fixed in the N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of GLUD2 soon after the duplication event in the hominoid ancestor ~18â25 million years ago. This MTS substitution arose in parallel with two crucial adaptive amino acid changes in the enzyme and likely contributed to the functional adaptation of GLUD2 to the glutamate metabolism of the hominoid brain and other tissues. We suggest that rapid, selectively driven subcellular adaptation, as exemplified by GLUD2, represents a common route underlying the emergence of new gene functions
Efecto de la edad relativa en el atletismo español
La influencia del trimestre de nacimiento sobre el rendimiento de los atletas ha sido ampliamente estudiada, pero siempre en relaciĂłn a un periodo temporal. La novedad de este trabajo es estudiar el efecto de la edad relativa en relaciĂłn a los resultados deportivos. Para ello se analizĂł el efecto de la edad relativa (EER), denominado RAE en inglĂ©s, en los atletas españoles (3.313) que han conseguido las mejores marcas de todos los tiempos atletas desde 1940 hasta la actualidad. Se ha identificado la fecha de nacimiento de los atletas y se ha extraĂdo el mes y el trimestre de nacimiento. La prueba de Chi-cuadrado (Ï2) se ha utilizado para elaborar los resultados, que muestran que este efecto es consistente tanto en el atletismo masculino como en el femenino. En el atletismo masculino existe en todas las categorĂas de edad, mientras que en el atletismo femenino el efecto es mucho mĂĄs dĂ©bil, apareciendo sĂłlo en la categorĂa absoluta y en la juvenil. En cuanto a los sectores de competiciĂłn los resultados no muestran un patrĂłn de comportamiento claro
Direct Mediation and Metastable Supersymmetry Breaking for SO(10)
We examine a metastable Macroscopic SO(N) SQCD model of
Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih (ISS). We introduce various baryon and meson
deformations, including multitrace operators and explore embedding an SO(10)
parent of the standard model into two weakly gauged flavour sectors. Direct
fundamental messengers and the symmetric pseudo-modulus messenger mediate SUSY
breaking to the MSSM. Gaugino and sfermion masses are computed and compared for
each deformation type. We also explore reducing the rank of the magnetic quark
matrix of the ISS model and find an additional fundamental messenger.Comment: 43 pages, Latex. Version to appear in JHEP
Machine intelligence decrypts ÎČ-lapachone as an allosteric 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor.
Using machine learning, targets were identified for ÎČ-lapachone. Resorting to biochemical assays, ÎČ-lapachone was validated as a potent, ligand efficient, allosteric and reversible modulator of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). Moreover, we provide a rationale for 5-LO modulation and show that inhibition of 5-LO is relevant for the anticancer activity of ÎČ-lapachone. This work demonstrates the power of machine intelligence to deconvolute complex phenotypes, as an alternative and/or complement to chemoproteomics and as a viable general approach for systems pharmacology studies
Utilising symptom dimensions with diagnostic categories improves prediction of time to first remission in first-episode psychosis
There has been much recent debate concerning the relative clinical utility of symptom dimensions versus conventional diagnostic categories in patients with psychosis. We investigated whether symptom dimensions rated at presentation for first-episode psychosis (FEP) better predicted time to first remission than categorical diagnosis over a four-year follow-up. The sample comprised 193 FEP patients aged 18â65 years who presented to psychiatric services in South London, UK, between 2006 and 2010. Psychopathology was assessed at baseline with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and five symptom dimensions were derived using Wallwork/Fortgang's model; baseline diagnoses were grouped using DSM-IV codes. Time to start of first remission was ascertained from clinical records. The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was used to find the best fitting accelerated failure time model of dimensions, diagnoses and time to first remission. Sixty percent of patients remitted over the four years following first presentation to psychiatric services, and the average time to start of first remission was 18.3 weeks (SD = 26.0, median = 8). The positive (BIC = 166.26), excited (BIC = 167.30) and disorganised/concrete (BIC = 168.77) symptom dimensions, and a diagnosis of schizophrenia (BIC = 166.91) predicted time to first remission. However, a combination of the DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia with all five symptom dimensions led to the best fitting model (BIC = 164.35). Combining categorical diagnosis with symptom dimension scores in FEP patients improved the accuracy of predicting time to first remission. Thus our data suggest that the decision to consign symptom dimensions to an annexe in DSM-5 should be reconsidered at the earliest opportunity
On Tackling the Limits of Resolution in SAT Solving
The practical success of Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) solvers stems from the
CDCL (Conflict-Driven Clause Learning) approach to SAT solving. However, from a
propositional proof complexity perspective, CDCL is no more powerful than the
resolution proof system, for which many hard examples exist. This paper
proposes a new problem transformation, which enables reducing the decision
problem for formulas in conjunctive normal form (CNF) to the problem of solving
maximum satisfiability over Horn formulas. Given the new transformation, the
paper proves a polynomial bound on the number of MaxSAT resolution steps for
pigeonhole formulas. This result is in clear contrast with earlier results on
the length of proofs of MaxSAT resolution for pigeonhole formulas. The paper
also establishes the same polynomial bound in the case of modern core-guided
MaxSAT solvers. Experimental results, obtained on CNF formulas known to be hard
for CDCL SAT solvers, show that these can be efficiently solved with modern
MaxSAT solvers
Nascimento de bezerra gerada com auxĂlio das tĂ©cnicas de punção folicular e fertilização in vitro no estado de Minas Gerais.
Ultrasound-assisted follicular puncture is a technique of oocyte recovery for in vitro fertilization and production of embryos. In order to adjust the methodology, a field trial was performed using lactating Holstein cows (n=8) as oocyte donors. Punctures were done with an ultrasound device equipped with a 7.5 MHz intravaginal sectorial probe. Oocytes recovered were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro, and embryos produced transferred to recipients heifers. On July, 2000, the first calf produced by these techniques in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was born
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