118,183 research outputs found
Towards a real-time microscopic emissions model
This article presents a new approach to microscopic road traffic exhaust emission modelling. The model described uses data from the SCOOT demand-responsive traffic control system implemented in over 170 cities across the world. Estimates of vehicle speed and classification are made using data from inductive detector loops located on every SCOOT link. This data feeds into a microscopic traffic model to enable enhanced modelling of the driving modes of vehicles (acceleration, deceleration, idling and cruising). Estimates of carbon monoxide emissions are made
by applying emission factors from an extensive literature review. A critical appraisal of the development and validation of the model is given before the model is applied to a study of the impact of high emitting vehicles. The article concludes with a discussion of the requirements for the future development and benefits of the
application of such a model
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Dynamic asset (and liability) management under market and credit risk
We introduce a modelling paradigm which integrates credit risk and market
risk in describing the random dynamical behaviour of the underlying fixed income assets.
We then consider an asset and liability management (ALM) problem and develop a mul-
tistage stochastic programming model which focuses on optimum risk decisions. These
models exploit the dynamical multiperiod structure of credit risk and provide insight
into the corrective recourse decisions whereby issues such as the timing risk of default is
appropriately taken into consideration. We also present a index tracking model in which
risk is measured (and optimised) by the CVaR of the tracking portfolio in relation to the
index. Both in- and out-of-sample (backtesting) experiments are undertaken to validate
our approach. In this way we are able to demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of
the chosen framework
An investigation of RAKE receiver operation in an urban environment for various spreading bandwidth allocations
Determination of the damping ratio in the soil from SASW test using the half-power bandwidth method and Arias intensity
Thermodynamics of Dyonic Lifshitz Black Holes
Black holes with asymptotic anisotropic scaling are conjectured to be gravity
duals of condensed matter system close to quantum critical points with
non-trivial dynamical exponent z at finite temperature. A holographic
renormalization procedure is presented that allows thermodynamic potentials to
be defined for objects with both electric and magnetic charge in such a way
that standard thermodynamic relations hold. Black holes in asymptotic Lifshitz
spacetimes can exhibit paramagnetic behavior at low temperature limit for
certain values of the critical exponent z, whereas the behavior of AdS black
holes is always diamagnetic.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figure
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Phenotypic and functional differences of dendritic cells generated under different in vitro conditions
The emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs when the qualities of individuals differ
elastography in primary open-angle glaucoma
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare sonoelastographic findings in the retina-choroid-sclera (RCS) complex and vitreous in glaucomatous and healthy eyes.Methods: For this cross-sectional comparative study, 20 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. Ultrasound elastography measurements were taken with a sonographic scanner of the RCS complex, anterior vitreous (AV), posterior vitreous (PV), retrobulbar fat tissue (RFT), optic disc (OD) and optic nerve (ON) in each eye.Results: The elasticity index of the RCS complex, RFT, OD, ON, AV and PV was similar in both groups (p > 0.05), although the AV/PV strain ratio in the group of patients with glaucoma was significantly higher (p = 0.04).Conclusion: Glaucoma increases the AV/PV strain ratio. In providing reproducible and consistent values, the real-time elastography (RTE) technique may be helpful in elucidating the mechanisms of glaucoma in some aspects.Advances in knowledge: This study can help to evaluate the elasticity of the RCS complex and vitreous in glaucomatous eyes with RTE
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Immunotherapeutic potential of DISC-HSV and OX40L in cancer
Several vectors, viral and bacterial, have been developed over the past few years for means of generating an effective anti-tumor immune response. We have developed and studied a “model for immunotherapy” using a viral vector DISC-HSV, which efficiently transduces various tumor cell lines and offers a useful vehicle for the further development of cell based vaccines. The immunotherapeutic potential of DISC-HSV encoding GMCSF was demonstrated in a number of murine carcinoma models, leading to complete regression of well established tumors in up to 70% of the mice. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of DISC-HSV-GMCSF was significantly enhanced when used in combination therapy with either OX40L or dendritic cells (DC), even in poorly immunogenic tumor model. The ability of this vector to accept large gene inserts, its good safety profile, its ability to undergo only a single round of infection, the inherent viral immunostimulatory properties and its ability to infect various tumor cell lines efficiently, make DISC-HSV an ideal candidate vector for immunotherapy. The DISC- CT-26 tumor model has been used to investigate these mechanisms associated with immunotherapy – induced tumor rejection. Although CTL induction, was positively correlated with regression, MHC class I down regulation and accumulation of immature Gr1+ myeloid cells were shown to be the main immuno-suppressor mechanisms operating against regression and associated with progressive tumor growth
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