Sığırlarda subklinik mastitisde sığır parainfluenza 3 (BPIV-3), sığır papillomavirüsleri (BPV), sığır herpesvirüs 1 (BHV-1) varlığı ve prevalansı

In general, bacterial pathogens are the focus of mastitis studies. Symptoms of mastitis may be absent in cases of viral infection, because other clinical symptoms are more dominant. Subclinical mastitis cases cannot be generally diagnosed and as a consequence, they are not investigated very well. This may lead to the inability of viral agents to be predicted in bovine subclinical cases. There are many viral agents associated with bovine mastitis and which may cause subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. However, since viral infections have not been much investigated in mastitis studies, strategies developed against subclinical mastitis may be inadequate. Bovine Parainfluenza 3 (BPIV-3), Bovine Papillomaviruses (BPV), Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) could cause clinical and subclinical mastitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and prevalence of BPIV-3, BPV, and BHV-1 viral agents in subclinical mastitis case in Erzurum province. For this purpose, 120 bovine mammary tissues with no macroscopic lesions were collected and these tissues were examined with histopathology and immunofluorescence methods. Thereafter, all viruses were identified with qRT-PCR in mammary tissues. The end of histopathologic process 78 of 120 cases (56 chronic subclinic mastitis, 22 acut mastitis) was found severity of inflammatory changes. According to the results of immunofluorescence staining for all sections. The immun positive signs for BPIV-3 BPV, and BHV-1 was determined in 50 out of 120 cases. qRT-PCR results which compatible with immunofluorescence results showed that BPIV-3 agent was detected by the qRT-PCR in 26/120 samples, BPV-2 agent in 8/120 samples, BHV-1 agent in 16/120 samples, and BPV-1 agent in 7/120 samples (only by qRT-PCR). Coinfection with BPIV-3 and BHV-1 was detected in 5/120 samples, BPIV-3, and BPV-1 in 3/120 samples, BHV-1, and BPV-2 in 2/120 samples. According to our results, although the role of viral agents in mastitis disease has not been clearly elucidated, we have found that viral agents are common in mammary tissues with subclinical mastitis.Genellikle etiyolojik mastitis çalışmaları bakteriyel patojenler üzerine odaklanmıştır. Viral enfeksiyon vakalarında mastit belirtileri, diğer klinik semptomlar daha baskın olduğu için gözden kaçabilmektedir. Subklinik mastitis olguları genellikle teşhis edilemediği için çok iyi araştırılmamıştır. Bu durum sığır subklinik mastitis vakalarında viral ajanların önlenememesine yol açabilmektedir. Sığırlarda mastitis ile ilişkili ve süt sığırlarında subklinik mastite neden olabilecek birçok viral ajan tanımlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, mastitis çalışmalarında viral enfeksiyonlar çok fazla araştırılmamış olduğundan, subklinik mastitislere karşı geliştirilen stratejiler yetersiz olabilir. Sığır Parainfluenza 3 (BPIV-3), Sığır papillomavirüsleri (BPV), sığır herpes virüsü 1 (BHV-1) klinik ve subklinik mastitlerde rol aldığı düşünülen viral ajanlardır. Bu çalışmada, Erzurum ilindeki subklinik mastitis olgularındaki BPIV-3, BPV ve BHV-1 viral ajanlarının varlığının ve prevalansının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 120 büyükbaş hayvanın makroskobik olarak lezyon izlenmyen meme doku örnekleri toplandı ve bu dokular histopatoloji ve immünofloresan yöntemlerle incelendi. Ayrıca, meme dokularında belirlenen viral etkenlerin varlığı qRT-PCR ile araştırıldı. Toplanan 120 örneğe yapılan histopatolojik değerlendirme sonucunda (56 kronik mastit, 22 akut mastit) 78 örnekte yangısal değişikliklere rastlandı. Tüm dokulara uygulanan immünofloresan boyama sonuçlarına göre 120 olguda kronik mastitis tanısı konan 50 örnekte pozitif reaksiyonlara rastlandı. qRT-PCR sonuçlarına göre immunfloresan boyama sonuçlarıyla uyumlu olarak toplam 50 (%41.6) örnekte etkenlerin DNA varlıkları tespit edildi. BPIV-3 etkenine 26/120, BPV-2 etkenine 8/120, BHV-1 etkenine 16/120 oranında olduğu tespit edildi. Sadece qRT-PCR yöntemi kullanılarak 7/120 oranında BPV-1 etkenine rastlandı. Ayrıca, 5/120 oranında BPIV3 ve BHV-1, 3/120 oranında BPIV-3 ve BPV-1, 2/120 oranında ise BHV-1 ve BPV-2 etkenlerine birlikte rastlandı. Yapılan çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, mastitis hastalığında viral ajanların rolü açık bir şekilde aydınlatılmamış olmakla birlikte, viral ajanların subklinik mastitli meme dokularında yaygın olduğunu tespit edilmiştir

Diagnostic Exercise: Gastroenteritis and Pneumonia Due to Mesocestoides spp. and Toxascaris leonina in a Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx)

Pathological and parasitological findings of a parasitic gastroenteritis due to Mesocestoides spp. and Toxascaris leonina in a two-year-old lynx (Lynx lynx) was identified. The lynx was injured due to an accident in the forest in İspir-Erzurum, Turkey. At necropsy, there was erosive and hemorrhagic tissue loss on different regions of the head, especially on the nose. Numerous parasites were found in the stomach and intestine. At histopathological examination, along with necrotic debris and gastric contents in the luminal surface of the stomach, various parasitic forms were identified. Similar parasitic forms were observed in the intestine. Fecal examination revealed Toxascaris leonina eggs. It was concluded that parasitic gastroenteritis and pneumonia due to Mesocestoides spp. and Toxascaris leonina were the causes of death in a wild lynx and this is the first reported from Turkey according to the current literature

The comparative effects of the feed additives of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and enterococcus faecium on the criteria of ıntestinal microflora, egg quality and performance in laying hens

Bu araştırmada yumurta tavuğu rasyonlarında maya (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ve Enterococcus faecium yem katkımaddelerinin performans ve yumurta kalite kriterleri üzerine etkilerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla, Grup 1’de: Kontrol (K), Grup 2’de: K+ 1 g/kg Entereococcus faecium (EC) (cylactin ME 10 1x1010 cfu/g) ve Grup 3’te:K+ 1g/kg maya (SC) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) katkıları yeme uygulanarak yumurta tavuklarının performans parametreleri,bağırsak mikroflorası ve ince barsak villus uzunlukları karşılaştırıldı. Araştırmada 45 haftalık yaşta toplam 108 adet Lohmanırkı kahverengi ticari yumurtacı tavuk kullanıldı. Deneme grupları her grupta 36 tavuk olacak şekilde 3 farklı grup olaraktasarlandı. Yem tüketimi, yumurta üretimi, yumurta ağırlığı, yemden yararlanma oranı bakımından gruplar arasındaistatistiksel olarak fark olmadığı bulundu (P>0.05). Benzer şekilde yumurta kalite kriterleri bakımından gruplar arasındaistatistiki bir farklılık tespit edilmedi. Total bakteri sayısı, Enterococcus feacium katkılı gruba göre kontrol ve maya katkılıgrupta azaldı. Mide barsak sistemindeki total maya-mantar sayısı, maya katkılı grupta artmış ancak kontrol ve Enteroccus faecium katkılı grupta azaldı. Serum kırmızı kan hücreleri (SRBC) bakımından gruplar arasında fark olmadı. Sonuç olarak, Enteroccus faecium ve maya katkısının yumurtlama performansı ve yumurta kalite kriteri üzerine etkisinin olmadığı, ancaktotal bakteri sayısının Enterococcus faecium katkılı grupta, total maya-mantar sayısının ise maya katkılı grupta arttığı,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ve enterococcus’un SRBC üzerine istatistiksel olarak bir etki göstermediği tespit edildi.Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the comparative effects of the additives of yeast and Enterococcus faecium on the criteria of intestinal microflora, egg quality and performance in laying hens. Treatment groups employed were as follows: Group 1- Control (C, n=36): the criteria of intestinal microflora, egg quality and performance were 10 compared, Group 2 (n=36): C + 1 g/kg Enterococcus faecium (EF) (Cylactin ME 10 1x10 cfu/g), and Group 3 (n=36): C +1 g/kg yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SC). The experiment was carried out on 108 Lohman Brown strains of hens, aged 45 weeks old, allocated into 3 groups of 12 replications, each containing 3 hens. Trial groups contained 36 hens each. The feed intake, egg production, egg weight and feed conversion ratio did not differ statistically between the groups (P>0.05). Similary, the egg quality criteria also did not differ statistically between the groups. The number of total bacteria increased in the Enteroccocus faecium group as compared to those of control and yeast-added groups. The number of yeast-fungus increased in the gastrointestinal tract of the yeast group, but it decreased in the control and Enterococcus faecium-added groups. The Serum Red Blood Cells (SRBC) showed no difference between the groups. As a result, the additions of Enterococcus faecium and yeast had no effect on the laying performance, but the numbers of total bacteria and and total yeast-fungus increased in the Enterococcus faecium- and yeast-added groups, respectively. The SRBC was not affected statistically by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and enterococcus

Examen de adenovirus con métodos moleculares y patológicos en casos de pneumonía ovina

Objective. Reveal adenoviruses (AdV) that cause pneumonia in sheep and examine pathologic changes in the pulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes of naturally infected adenovirus-positive specimens. Material and method. For this purpose, 1459 lungs of sheep slaughtered in a slaughterhouse were macroscopically examined, and pneumonia lesions were detected in 88 (6.03%) of these. The paraffinized tissue sections of these specimens with pneumonia were examined with the immunohistochemical (IHC) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF) methods, whereas their tissue homogenates were examined using the Antigen ELISA and PCR methods for adenovirus positivity. Results. Accordingly, the prevalence of adenoviruses was determined as 19.3% for IHC, 22.7% for IF, 20.5% for ELISA and 13.6% for PCR. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to examine histopathological changes in the specimens that were naturally infected with adenoviruses. The histopathological examinations of the naturally infected lung specimens revealed mainly interstitial pneumonia, as well as catarrhal and verminous pneumonia findings. Consequently, it was determined that the most effective methods in the detection of adenoviruses in sheep pneumonias were found respectively as IF, ELISA, IHC and PCR. The finding that adenoviruses were observed only in the mediastinal lymph nodes of some specimens in the immunopathological methods suggested that the latency. Conclusions. The presence of adenoviruses in sheep pneumonia cases was determined with the indirect immunofluorescence, antigen ELISA and PCR methods for the first time. The possibility of the latent nature of adenovirus infection in these species was also discussed for the first time.Objetivo. Revelar adenovirus (AdV) que causan pneumonía en ovejas y examinar cambios patológicos en los ganglios linfáticos pulmonares y mediastínicos de muestras positivas para adenovirus infectadas de forma natural. Material y métodos. Se examinaron macroscópicamente 1459 pulmones de ovejas y se detectaron lesiones de pneumonía en 88 (6.03%) de estas. Las secciones de tejido parafinadas de estos especímenes con pneumonía se examinaron con los métodos inmunohistoquímicos (IHC) e inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IF), mientras que tejidos homogeneizados se examinaron usando los métodos ELISA de antígeno y PCR para determinar la positividad de adenovirus. Resultados. La prevalencia de adenovirus se determinó como 19.3% para IHC, 22.7% para IF, 20.5% para ELISA y 13.6% para PCR. La tinción con hematoxilina-eosina (HE) se realizó para examinar los cambios histopatológicos en las muestras que estaban infectadas naturalmente con adenovirus. Los exámenes histopatológicos de las muestras de pulmón infectadas de forma natural revelaron mayormente pneumonía intersticial, junto con hallazgos de pneumonía catarral y verminosa. Se determinó que los métodos más eficaces en la detección de adenovirus en pneumonías ovinas fueron encontrado respectivamente como IF, ELISA, IHC y PCR. El hallazgo de que los adenovirus solo se vio en los ganglios linfáticos mediastínicos de algunas muestras en los métodos inmunopatológicos sugirió latencia. Conclusiones. La presencia de adenovirus en casos de pneumonía ovina se determinó por primera vez con los métodos de inmunofluorescencia indirecta, ELISA de antígenos y PCR. La posibilidad de la naturaleza latente de la infección por adenovirus en estas especies también se discutió por primera vez

Türkiye'nin sertifikalı ilk kadın kasabı : Cemile Bak Zıraman

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2016.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Avcı, Ayşegül

Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever: First report in a Calf in Northeastern Turkey

In this report, systemic vasculitis was described in a Brown Swiss calf with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever. The calf was referred to the university clinic due to respiratory and nervous symptoms. Nasal discharge, dyspnea, cough, conjunctival hyperemia, bilateral corneal opacity and ulceration, superficial lymph node enlargement, incoordination and muscle tremors were detected on clinical examination. The hematologic profile revealed lymphocytosis and neutrophilia. Grossly, hyperemia of viscera, lymphoid tissue enlargements and swelling in the brain were observed. Fibrinoid necrotic vasculitis and lymphoid cell infiltrations were main histopathologic changes in the brain, liver, spinal cord, heart, lymphoid tissues and upper respiratory tract. Characteristic histopathologic findings were confirmed by PCR, which demonstrated the presence of ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) in the lymph nodes and liver samples of the calf

The Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Antigens with Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemical Methods in Bovine Abortions

The investigation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in bovine abortions in Erzurum, Turkey was undertaken with immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and histopathological methods. For this purpose, tissue sections from 56 aborted foetuses were examined. At the end of the study, histopathological lesions were observed in 17(30.36%) samples. Hyperaemia in sinusoids and central veins, degeneration and necrosis of some hepatocytes and cellular infiltration in portal areas were main histopathological changes in liver. In brain sections, hyperaemia, degeneration and necrosis of neurons, spongiosis and vasculitis, especially in BVDV positive sections, were prominent. In addition, there was interstitial or catarrhal pneumonia in lung sections. Positive immunofluorescence staining was detected in 8(14.28%) foetal tissues by direct immunofluorescence method. In immunohistochemical staining, 6(10.71%) samples were found positive. Antigenic localisations were observed in the cytoplasm of neuronal cells, neuroglia and leptomeninges in brain; hepatocytes cytoplasm of the liver; apical portion of bronchiolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages of lung sections. It is concluded that BVDV is an effective factor for the cattle abortion in Erzurum, Turkey. (C) 2015 PVJ. All rights reserve

Suberosin Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury in A Rat Model of Cecal Ligation and Puncture

Background/aims Sepsis is one of the major problems encountered in intensive care units, causing organ damage and increasing mortality. Suberosin (SBR) is a type of coumarin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The goal of this study is to explore the protective effects of SBR on the lungs in a rat model of sepsis. Methods Male Wistar rats were utilized in this study. A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model was applied to induce sepsis. Rats were separated into six groups with nine animals in each group, including healthy control, SBR, CLP, and CLP + SBR (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Histopathological changes in the lungs were investigated with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Results MDA levels and GSH and SOD enzyme activities were negatively affected in the CLP group, but SBR treatment ameliorated these oxidative stress parameters in the SBR1-3 groups (p< 0.05). The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β were increased in the CLP group, and SBR treatment decreased those expression levels in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Organ damage and necrosis were seen in the CLP group and were alleviated in the SBR3 group. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of lung tissues demonstrated decreased TNF-α and IL-1β immunopositivity in the SBR1-3 groups (p< 0.05). Conclusions SBR ameliorated sepsis-related lung injury in a dose-dependent manner. This compound has significant potential as a future agent in the treatment of sepsis