2,935 research outputs found
A prior case study of natural language processing on different domain
In the present state of digital world, computer machine do not understand the human’s ordinary language. This is the great barrier between humans and digital systems. Hence, researchers found an advanced technology that provides information to the users from the digital machine. However, natural language processing (i.e. NLP) is a branch of AI that has significant implication on the ways that computer machine and humans can interact. NLP has become an essential technology in bridging the communication gap between humans and digital data. Thus, this study provides the necessity of the NLP in the current computing world along with different approaches and their applications. It also, highlights the key challenges in the development of new NLP model
Effect of Hedging-Integrated Rule Curves on the Performance of the Pong Reservoir (India) During Scenario-Neutral Climate Change Perturbations
This study has evaluated the effects of improved, hedging-integrated reservoir rule
curves on the current and climate-change-perturbed future performances of the Pong reservoir,
India. The Pong reservoir was formed by impounding the snow- and glacial-dominated Beas
River in Himachal Pradesh. Simulated historic and climate-change runoff series by the
HYSIM rainfall-runoff model formed the basis of the analysis. The climate perturbations used
delta changes in temperature (from 0° to +2 °C) and rainfall (from −10 to +10 % of annual
rainfall). Reservoir simulations were then carried out, forced with the simulated runoff
scenarios, guided by rule curves derived by a coupled sequent peak algorithm and genetic
algorithms optimiser. Reservoir performance was summarised in terms of reliability, resilience,
vulnerability and sustainability. The results show that the historic vulnerability reduced from
61 % (no hedging) to 20 % (with hedging), i.e., better than the 25 % vulnerability often
assumed tolerable for most water consumers. Climate change perturbations in the rainfall
produced the expected outcomes for the runoff, with higher rainfall resulting in more runoff
inflow and vice-versa. Reduced runoff caused the vulnerability to worsen to 66 % without
hedging; this was improved to 26 % with hedging. The fact that improved operational practices
involving hedging can effectively eliminate the impacts of water shortage caused by climate
change is a significant outcome of this study
Certain Subclasses Of Meromorphic Functions With Fixed Second Coefficients Associated With Generalized Polylogarithm Functions
In this paper we introduce and study a subclass GP (α, λ, μ, κ, c) of meromorphic univalent functions which is associated with generalized polylogarithm functions. We obtain coefficient estimates, extreme points, growth and distortion bounds, radii of meromorphically starlikeness and meromorphically convexity for the class GP (α, λ, μ, κ, c) by fixing the second coefficient. Further, it is shown that the class GP (α, λ, μ, κ, c) is closed under convex linear combination
A multicomponent model of the infrared emission from Comet Halley
A model based on a mixture of coated silicates and amorphous carbon grains produces a good spectral match to the available Halley data and is consistent with the compositional and morphological information derived from interplanetary dust particle studies and Halley flyby data. The dark appearance of comets may be due to carbonaceous coatings on the dominant (by mass) silicates. The lack of a 10 micrometer feature may be due to the presence of large silicate grains. The optical properties of pure materials apparently are not representative of cometary materials. The determination of the optical properties of additional silicates and carbonaceous materials would clearly be of use
Synthesis and characterization of novel 1,2-oxazine-based small molecules that targets acetylcholinesterase
Thirteen 2-oxazine-based small molecules were synthesized targeting 5-lipoxygenase (LOX), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The test revealed that the newly synthesized compounds had potent inhibition towards both 5-LOX and AChE in lower micro molar concentration. Among the tested compounds, the most active compound, 2-(2-acetyl-6,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,2-oxazin-3- yl)methyl-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (2a) showed inhibitory activity towards 5-LOX and AChE with an IC50 values of 1.88, and 2.5 μM, respectively. Further, the in silico molecular docking studies revealed that the compound 2a bound to the catalytic domain of AChE strongly with a highest CDOCKER score of -1.18 kcal/mol when compared to other compounds of the same series. Additionally, 2a showed a good lipophilicity (log P = 2.66), suggesting a potential ability to penetrate the blood-brain-barrier. These initial pharmacological data revealed that the compound 2a could serve as a drug-seed in developing anti-Alzheimer's agents. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Effect of reservoir zones and hedging factor dynamism on reservoir adaptive capacity for climate change impacts
When based on the zones of available water in storage, hedging has
traditionally used a single hedged zone and a constant rationing ratio for
constraining supply during droughts. Given the usual seasonality of
reservoir inflows, it is also possible that hedging could feature multiple
hedged zones and temporally varying rationing ratios but very few studies
addressing this have been reported especially in relation to adaptation to
projected climate change. This study developed and tested Genetic Algorithms
(GA) optimised zone-based operating policies of various configurations using
data for the Pong reservoir, Himachal Pradesh, India. The results show that
hedging does lessen vulnerability, which dropped from  ≥  60 % without
hedging to below 25 % with the single stage hedging. More complex hedging
policies, e.g. two stage and/or temporally varying rationing ratios only
produced marginal improvements in performance. All this shows that water
hedging policies do not have to be overly complex to effectively offset
reservoir vulnerability caused by water shortage resulting from e.g.
projected climate change
Signalling mechanisms driving homeostatic and inflammatory effects of interleukin-15 on tissue lymphocytes
There is an intriguing dichotomy in the function of cytokine interleukin-15-at low levels, it is required for the homeostasis of the immune system, yet when it is upregulated in response to pathogenic infections or in autoimmunity, IL-15 drives inflammation. IL-15 associates with the IL-15Rα within both myeloid and non-haematopoietic cells, where IL-15Rα trans-presents IL-15 in a membrane-bound form to neighboring cells. Alongside homeostatic maintenance of select lymphocyte populations such as NK cells and tissue-resident T cells, when upregulated, IL-15 also promotes inflammatory outcomes by driving effector function and cytotoxicity in NK cells and T cells. As chronic over-expression of IL-15 can lead to autoimmunity, IL-15 expression is tightly regulated. Thus, blocking dysregulated IL-15 and its downstream signalling pathways are avenues for immunotherapy. In this review we discuss the molecular pathways involved in IL-15 signalling and how these pathways contribute to both homeostatic and inflammatory functions in IL-15-dependent mature lymphoid populations, focusing on innate, and innate-like lymphocytes in tissues.</p
Signalling mechanisms driving homeostatic and inflammatory effects of interleukin-15 on tissue lymphocytes
There is an intriguing dichotomy in the function of cytokine interleukin-15-at low levels, it is required for the homeostasis of the immune system, yet when it is upregulated in response to pathogenic infections or in autoimmunity, IL-15 drives inflammation. IL-15 associates with the IL-15Rα within both myeloid and non-haematopoietic cells, where IL-15Rα trans-presents IL-15 in a membrane-bound form to neighboring cells. Alongside homeostatic maintenance of select lymphocyte populations such as NK cells and tissue-resident T cells, when upregulated, IL-15 also promotes inflammatory outcomes by driving effector function and cytotoxicity in NK cells and T cells. As chronic over-expression of IL-15 can lead to autoimmunity, IL-15 expression is tightly regulated. Thus, blocking dysregulated IL-15 and its downstream signalling pathways are avenues for immunotherapy. In this review we discuss the molecular pathways involved in IL-15 signalling and how these pathways contribute to both homeostatic and inflammatory functions in IL-15-dependent mature lymphoid populations, focusing on innate, and innate-like lymphocytes in tissues.</p
Inflow forecasting using artificial neural networks for reservoir operation
In this study, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural networks have
been applied to forecast one-month-ahead inflow for the Ubonratana reservoir,
Thailand. To assess how well the forecast inflows have performed in the
operation of the reservoir, simulations were carried out guided by the
systems rule curves. As basis of comparison, four inflow situations were
considered: (1) inflow known and assumed to be the historic (Type A);
(2) inflow known and assumed to be the forecast (Type F); (3) inflow known
and assumed to be the historic mean for month (Type M); and (4) inflow is
unknown with release decision only conditioned on the starting reservoir
storage (Type N). Reservoir performance was summarised in terms of
reliability, resilience, vulnerability and sustainability. It was found that
Type F inflow situation produced the best performance while Type N was the
worst performing. This clearly demonstrates the importance of good inflow
information for effective reservoir operation
- …