Dimensional Reduction of Seiberg-Witten Monopole Equations, N=2 Noncommutative Supersymmetric Field Theories and Young Diagrams

We investigate the Seiberg-Witten monopole equations on noncommutative(N.C.) R^4 at the large N.C. parameter limit, in terms of the equivariant cohomology. In other words, N}=2 supersymmetric U(1) gauge theories with hypermultiplet on N.C. R}^4 are studied. It is known that after topological twisting partition functions of N}>1 supersymmetric theories on N.C. R^2D are invariant under N.C.parameter shift, then the partition functions can be calculated by its dimensional reduction. At the large N.C. parameter limit, the Seiberg-Witten monopole equations are reduced to ADHM equations with the Dirac equation reduced to 0 dimension. The equations are equivalent to the dimensional reduction of non-Abelian U(N) Seiberg-Witten monopole equations in N -> \infty. The solutions of the equations are also interpreted as a configuration of brane anti-brane system. The theory has global symmetries under torus actions originated in space rotations and gauge symmetries. We investigate the Seiberg-Witten monopole equations reduced to 0 dimension and the fixed point equations of the torus actions. We show that the Dirac equation reduced to 0 dimension is trivial when the fixed point equations and the ADHM equations are satisfied. For finite N, it is known that the fixed points of the ADHM data are isolated and are classified by the Young diagrams. We give a new proof of this statement by solving the ADHM equations and the fixed point equations concretely and by giving graphical interpretations of the field components and these equations.Comment: v2: 28+1 pages, 13 figures, appendix for convention added, references added, some descriptions improved, v3: eq.(113),(117) corrected, v4: 29+1 pages, minor correction

Partition functions of Supersymmetric Gauge Theories in Noncommutative R^{2D} and their Unified Perspective

We investigate cohomological gauge theories in noncommutative R^{2D}. We show that vacuum expectation values of the theories do not depend on noncommutative parameters, and the large noncommutative parameter limit is equivalent to the dimensional reduction. As a result of these facts, we show that a partition function of a cohomological theory defined in noncommutative R^{2D} and a partition function of a cohomological field theory in R^{2D+2} are equivalent if they are connected through dimensional reduction. Therefore, we find several partition functions of supersymmetric gauge theories in various dimensions are equivalent. Using this technique, we determine the partition function of the N=4 U(1) gauge theory in noncommutative R^4, where its action does not include a topological term. The result is common among (8-dim, N=2), (6-dim, N=2), (2-dim, N=8) and the IKKT matrix model given by their dimensional reduction to 0-dim.Comment: 45 pages, no figures, Appendices B and C are added, changes in the text, references are adde

Gauge Theories in Noncommutative Homogeneous K\"ahler Manifolds

We construct a gauge theory on a noncommutative homogeneous K\"ahler manifold, where we employ the deformation quantization with separation of variables for K\"ahler manifolds formulated by Karabegov. A key point in this construction is to obtaining vector fields which act as inner derivations for the deformation quantization. We show that these vector fields are the only Killing vector fields. We give an explicit construction of this gauge theory on noncommutative ${\mathbb C}P^N$ and noncommutative ${\mathbb C}H^N$.Comment: 27 pages, typos correcte

Explicit Formulae for Noncommutative Deformations of CP^N and CH^N

We give explicit expressions of a deformation quantization with separation of variables for CP^N and CH^N. This quantization method is one of the ways to perform a deformation quantization of Kahler manifolds, which is introduced by Karabegov. Star products are obtained as explicit formulae in all order in the noncommutative parameter. We also give the Fock representations of the noncommutative CP^N and CH^N.Comment: 22 pages, some comments added, a reference added, to appear in J. Math. Phy

Inraoperative and Histological Visualization of Disrupted Vulnerable Plaques following Diagnostic Angiography of Moderate Carotid Stenosis

Background. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains an important tool for diagnosis of carotid stenosis but is associated with risk for periprocedural complications. This is the first report of direct intraoperative and histolopathologic visualization of DSA-related carotid plaque disruption. Case. A 64-year-old man diagnosed to have a 60% right carotid stenosis received diagnostic DSA for therapeutic decision-making. He developed transient left hand numbness and weakness immediately after the procedure. Intraoperative imaging during carotid endarterectomy revealed a fragile plaque with sharp surface laceration and intraplaque hemorrhage at the bifurcation. Microscopy of the specimen demonstrated a large atheromatous plaque with fibrous hypertrophy and intraplaque hemorrhage filled with recent hemorrhagic debris. Conclusion. The visualized carotid lesion was more serious than expected, warning the danger of embolization or occlusion associated with the catheter maneuvers. Thus the highest level of practitioner training and technical expertise that ensures precise assessment of plaque characteristics should be encouraged

Ring Structure of SUSY * Product and 1/2 SUSY Wess-Zumino Model

There are two types of non(anti-)commutative deformation of D=4, N=1 supersymmetric field theories and D=2, N=2 theories. One is based on the non-supersymmetric star product and the other is based on the supersymmetric star product . These deformations cause partial breaking of supersymmetry in general. In case of supersymmetric star product, the chirality is broken by the effect of the supersymmetric star product, then it is not clear that lagrangian or observables including F-terms preserve part of supersymmetry. In this article, we investigate the ring structure whose product is defined by the supersymmetric star product. We find the ring whose elements correspond to 1/2 SUSY F-terms. Using this, the 1/2 SUSY invariance of the Wess-Zumino model is shown easily and directly.Comment: 12 pages: ver.2 references and comments added, typos corrected; ver.3 typos corrected, discussion about the ring R[XYZ] added; ver.4 footnote adde

Antitumor effects of α-bisabolol against pancreatic cancer.

In the present study, we investigated whether α-bisabolol, a sesquiterpene alcohol present in essential oils derived from a variety of plants, has antitumor effects against pancreatic cancer. α-Bisabolol induced a decrease in cell proliferation and viability in pancreatic cancer cell lines (KLM1, KP4, Panc1, MIA Paca2), but not in pancreatic epithelial cells (ACBRI515). α-Bisabolol treatment induced apoptosis and suppressed Akt activation in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Furthermore, α-bisabolol treatment induced the overexpression of early growth response-1 (EGR1), whereas EGR1 siRNA decreased the α-bisabolol-induced cell death of KLM1 cells. Tumor growth in both subcutaneous and peritoneal xenograft nude mouse models was significantly inhibited by intragastric administration of 1000 mg/kg of α-bisabolol, once a week for three weeks. The results indicate that α-bisabolol could be a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of pancreatic cancer

Arabidopsis ABCB21 is a Facultative Auxin Importer/Exporter Regulated by Cytoplasmic Auxin Concentration

The phytohormone auxin is critical for plant growth and many developmental processes. Members of the P-glycoprotein (PGP/ABCB) subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been shown to function in the polar movement of auxin by transporting auxin over the plasma membrane in both monocots and dicots. Here, we characterize a new Arabidopsis member of the ABCB subfamily, ABCB21/PGP21, a close homolog of ABCB4, for which conflicting transport directionalities have been reported. ABCB21 is strongly expressed in the abaxial side of cotyledons and in junctions of lateral organs in the aerial part, whereas in roots it is specifically expressed in pericycle cells. Membrane fractionation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation followed by Western blot showed that ABCB21 is a plasma membrane-localized ABC transporter. A transport assay with Arabidopsis protoplasts suggested that ABCB21 was involved in IAA transport in an outward direction, while naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was a less preferable substrate for ABCB21. Further functional analysis of ABCB21 using yeast import and export assays showed that ABCB21 mediates the 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA)-sensitive translocation of auxin in an inward direction when the cytoplasmic IAA concentration is low, whereas this transporter mediates outward transport under high internal IAA. An increase in the cytoplasmic IAA concentration by pre-loading of IAA into yeast cells abolished the IAA uptake activity by ABCB21 as well as ABCB4. These findings suggest that ABCB21 functions as a facultative importer/exporter controlling auxin concentrations in plant cell