Multiclass Classification of Brain MRI through DWT and GLCM Feature Extraction with Various Machine Learning Algorithms

This study delves into the domain of medical diagnostics, focusing on the crucial task of accurately classifying brain tumors to facilitate informed clinical decisions and optimize patient outcomes. Employing a diverse ensemble of machine learning algorithms, the paper addresses the challenge of multiclass brain tumor classification. The investigation centers around the utilization of two distinct datasets: the Brats dataset, encompassing cases of High-Grade Glioma (HGG) and Low-Grade Glioma (LGG), and the Sartaj dataset, comprising instances of Glioma, Meningioma, and No Tumor. Through the strategic deployment of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features, coupled with the implementation of Support Vector Machines (SVM), k-nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Trees (DT), Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting algorithms, the research endeavors to comprehensively explore avenues for achieving precise tumor classification. Preceding the classification process, the datasets undergo pre-processing and the extraction of salient features through DWT-derived frequency-domain characteristics and texture insights harnessed from GLCM. Subsequently, a detailed exposition of the selected algorithms is provided and elucidates the pertinent hyperparameters. The study's outcomes unveil noteworthy performance disparities across diverse algorithms and datasets. SVM and Random Forest algorithms exhibit commendable accuracy rates on the Brats dataset, while the Gradient Boosting algorithm demonstrates superior performance on the Sartaj dataset. The evaluation process encompasses precision, recall, and F1-score metrics, thereby providing a comprehensive assessment of the classification prowess of the employed algorithms

A reliable micro-grid with seamless transition between grid connected and islanded mode for residential community with enhanced power quality

This paper presents a reliable micro-grid for residential community with modified control techniques to achieve enhanced operation during grid connected, islanded and resynchronization mode. The proposed micro-grid is a combination of solar photo-voltaic (PV), battery storage system and locally distributed DG systems with residential local loads. A modified power control technique is developed such that, local load reactive power demand, harmonic currents and load unbalance is compensated by respective residential local DG. However, active power demand of all local residential load is shared between the micro-grid and respective local DG. This control technique also achieves constant active power loading on the micro-grid by supporting additional active power local load demand of respective residential DG. Hence, proposed modified power control technique achieves transient free operation of the micro-grid during residential load disturbances. An additional modified control technique is also developed to achieve seamless transition of micro-grid between grid connected mode and islanded mode. The dynamic performance of this micro-grid during grid connected, islanded and re-synchronization mode under linear and non-linear load variations is verified using real time simulator (RTS)

A Non-catalytic Deep Desulphurization Process using Hydrodynamic Cavitation

A novel approach is developed for desulphurization of fuels or organics without use of catalyst. In this process, organic and aqueous phases are mixed in a predefined manner under ambient conditions and passed through a cavitating device. Vapor cavities formed in the cavitating device are then collapsed which generate (in-situ) oxidizing species which react with the sulphur moiety resulting in the removal of sulphur from the organic phase. In this work, vortex diode was used as a cavitating device. Three organic solvents (n-octane, toluene and n-octanol) containing known amount of a model sulphur compound (thiophene) up to initial concentrations of 500 ppm were used to verify the proposed method. A very high removal of sulphur content to the extent of 100% was demonstrated. The nature of organic phase and the ratio of aqueous to organic phase were found to be the most important process parameters. The results were also verified and substantiated using commercial diesel as a solvent. The developed process has great potential for deep of various organics, in general, and for transportation fuels, in particular

Colorimetric method for simultaneous estimation of amlodipine besylate from plasma

Aim: The present work was to develop the method of analysis which can estimate drug in combined form without prior separation. Materials and method: By using UV spectroscopy colorimetric method was used for determination of Amlodipine besylate (AML) from plasma. Result and conclusion: This method is based on the formation of green colour in reaction between AML and 0.4 % Ferric chloride (FC) and 0.2 % Potassium ferricyanide (PF).The absorbance was measured at 775 nm. Result of tablet analysis showed % S.D. values in the range of 098.22 to 100,63%. Standard deviation value for tablet analysis by using methanol ranging from 98.01 to 101,13 % which proves the ability of the method to remain unaffected by small but deliberate change in reaction conditions and this method is used for estimation of AML from biological samples.Objetivo. El objetivo del presente estudio era desarrollar un método de análisis que permitiera estimar la cantidad de fármaco en forma combinada sin separación previa. Material y Método. Se utilizó espectroscopía colorimétrica UV para la determinación de Amlodipino Besilato (AML) plasmático Resultados. El presente método está basado en la formación de color verde en la reacción entre Amlodipino Besilato (AML) y cloruro férrico 0,4% y ferrocianuro potásico 0,2%. La medida de la absorbancia se realizó a 775nm. El resultado del análisis de los comprimidos mostró unos valores de DE comprendidos entre 098,22 y 100,63%. El valor de la DE utilizando metanol oscilan entre 98,01 y 101,13% lo que demuestra la capacidad del método de permanecer inalterado por pequeños pero intencionados cambios en las condiciones de la reacción, este método es usado para la estimación de Amlodipino Besilato (AML) en muestras biológicas

Design and development of a novel tunable electrorheological fluid (ERF) damper-foundation to attenuate residual vibrations in machine tools

Residual vibrations in machine tools hamper accuracy and productivity. The attenuation of residual vibrations has been an industrial concern for decades. Meanwhile, the residual vibrations' vibration pattern reveals that the support foundation's damping capabilities predominantly influence them. Therefore, inserting dampers in any other location on a machine tool (such as a machine column) is ineffective. Hence, the scope of inserting the damper into the machine foundation needs to be verified. However, conventional machine mounting systems (concrete foundation and rubber mounts) equally respond to all variable inputs. Both these flocks resulted in inadequate dampening and perhaps poor accuracy. This paper provides a first-generation model of a semiactive-viscous damper (ERF damper-foundation) with tunable damping facilitating machine installation. Controlled experimentation by exposing the developed damper foundation to excitations of medium duty lathe machine confirms its effectiveness and obtains over 48% attenuation compared to a conventional concrete foundation

Molecular interaction studies of isopropyl acetate-xylene mixture using dielectric relaxation approach

72-79Dielectric relaxation parameters of Isopropyl acetate (IPA)-xylene mixtures with different concentrations and temperatures have been measured in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 30 GHz using time domain reflectometry technique. Static dielectric constant, relaxation time, excess permittivity, excess relaxation time, Bruggeman factor, Kirkwood correlation factor and thermodynamic parameters have been determined to understand molecular association between the IPA and xylene molecules. For entire concentrations of IPA-xylene mixture the Kirkwood correlation factor is less than one which shows the antiparallel nature of electric dipole orientation. The experimental values of dielectric constant obtained from time domain reflectometry are in well agreement with theoretical values of dielectric constant obtained by Luzar model. Positive values of enthalpy and entropy indicating that the system is endothermic and less ordered while Gibbs free energy decreases with increase of IPA in xylene

Determining Heavy Metal Contamination of Road Dust in Delhi, India

Air pollution has been considered one of the major environmental challenges because of its effect on ecosystems and human health. The concentration levels and sources of heavy metals contamination were studied in road dust samples collected from various locations including four different activity areas: industrial, highways, residential and mixed use in Delhi, India. Total content of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed by ICP-AES. The results showed high concentration levels of Ni, Cr and Pb in industrial areas. Pearson’ correlations coupled with Principal component analysis revealed that Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb are associated with industrial sources whereas Zn and Cu are mainly contributed by vehicular traffic. Road dust contamination was assessed by various methods: degree of contamination, potential ecological index and pollution index. Contamination factor analysis showed that road dust samples are significantly contaminated by Zn and Pb. Potential ecological indexes indicated high contamination of Cd while moderate contamination of Pb in road dust, but low contamination of Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. Pollution index of most of the metals were higher than 1 indicating deterioration of road dust quality of Delhi city due to anthropogenic emissions. Degree of contamination, potential ecological index and integrated pollution index reveal that the road dust from the industrial area, mixed use area and highway are highly contaminated by the heavy metals. The road dust from the residential area is also contaminated considerably. Evaluations by various methods indicated that all assessment methods are important for environmental quality evaluation

An Analysis of the TRANSITION Study

Funding Information: This study was funded by Novartis . Funding Information: This study was funded by Novartis. The authors thank Tripti Sahu of Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. for providing medical writing support in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP 2022) guidelines (https://www.ismpp.org/gpp-2022). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The AuthorsBackground: Treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and renal dysfunction (RD) is challenging owing to the risk of further deterioration in renal function, especially after acute decompensated HF (ADHF). Methods and Results: We assessed the effect of RD (estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥30 to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) on initiation, up-titration, and tolerability of sacubitril/valsartan in hemodynamically stabilized patients with HFrEF admitted for ADHF (RD, n = 476; non-RD, n = 483). At week 10, the target dose of sacubitril/valsartan (97/103 mg twice daily) was achieved by 42% patients in RD subgroup vs 54% in non-RD patients (P < .001). Sacubitril/valsartan was associated with greater estimated glomerular filtration rate improvements in RD subgroup than non-RD (change from baseline least squares mean 4.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% confidence interval 2.2–6.1, P < .001). Cardiac biomarkers improved significantly in both subgroups; however, compared with the RD subgroup, the improvement was greater in those without RD (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, −28.6% vs −44.8%, high-sensitivity troponin T −20.3% vs −33.9%) (P < .001). Patients in the RD subgroup compared with those without RD experienced higher rates of hyperkalemia (16.3% vs 6.5%, P < .001), investigator-reported cardiac failure (9.7% vs 5.6%, P = .029), and renal impairment (6.4% vs 2.1%, P = .002). Conclusions: Most patients with HFrEF and concomitant RD hospitalized for ADHF tolerated early initiation of sacubitril/valsartan and showed significant improvements in estimated glomerular filtration rate and cardiac biomarkers. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02661217.proofepub_ahead_of_prin