Low dose of 131I-F(ab')2-Rituximab and 131I-Rituximab induces G1arrest and apoptosis in Raji cells (Burkitt’s lymphoma)

Radiolabeled fragmented F(ab')2 antibodies had shown better therapeutic efficacy than radiolabeled intact antibodies in treating cancers.  In this study, we investigated the differences and similarities on the mechanism and extent of cell death in Raji cells (Burkitt’s lymphoma) in response to 370 kBq of 131I-F(ab')2-Rituximab and 131I-Rituximab up to 72 h. F(ab')2 of Rituximab was prepared and characterized by SE-HPLC and SDS-PAGE. Fragmented and intact Rituximab were radioiodinated by Chloramine-T method. Toxicity and mechanism of cell death in Raji cells in response to 131I-F(ab')2-Rituximab and 131I-Rituximab were studied by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), trypan blue exclusion, viability, apoptotic, caspase assays and cell cycle analysis. The cytotoxicity assays showed slow death of Raji cells up to 24 h in response to both 131I-F(ab')2-Rituximab and 131I-Rituximab. Cell cycle analysis at 30 h showed G1 arrest in Raji cells which led to its slow cell death up to 24 h. Elucidative assays to identify the molecular mechanism of death of G1arrested Raji cells showed apoptotic cell death at 40 h after treatment, which was validated by demonstrating caspase activation in arrested Raji cells. Toxicity studies and mechanism of cell death in Raji cells demonstrated comparable results when treated with equivalent doses (370 kBq) of radiolabeled antibodies indicating 131I-F(ab')2-Rituximab as a potential radioimmunotherapeutic agent for patients with Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Low dose of 131I-F(ab')2-Rituximab and 131I-Rituximab induces G1arrest and apoptosis in Raji cells (Burkitt’s lymphoma)

680-690Radiolabeled fragmented F(ab')2 antibodies had shown better therapeutic efficacy than radiolabeled intact antibodies in treating cancers.  In this study, we investigated the differences and similarities on the mechanism and extent of cell death in Raji cells (Burkitt’s lymphoma) in response to 370 kBq of 131I-F(ab')2-Rituximab and 131I-Rituximab up to 72 h. F(ab')2 of Rituximab was prepared and characterized by SE-HPLC and SDS-PAGE. Fragmented and intact Rituximab were radioiodinated by Chloramine-T method. Toxicity and mechanism of cell death in Raji cells in response to 131I-F(ab')2-Rituximab and 131I-Rituximab were studied by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), trypan blue exclusion, viability, apoptotic, caspase assays and cell cycle analysis. The cytotoxicity assays showed slow death of Raji cells up to 24 h in response to both 131I-F(ab')2-Rituximab and 131I-Rituximab. Cell cycle analysis at 30 h showed G1 arrest in Raji cells which led to its slow cell death up to 24 h. Elucidative assays to identify the molecular mechanism of death of G1arrested Raji cells showed apoptotic cell death at 40 h after treatment, which was validated by demonstrating caspase activation in arrested Raji cells. Toxicity studies and mechanism of cell death in Raji cells demonstrated comparable results when treated with equivalent doses (370 kBq) of radiolabeled antibodies indicating 131I-F(ab')2-Rituximab as a potential radioimmunotherapeutic agent for patients with Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A comparative study of lip print patterns in monozygotic and dizygotic twins

Background: External surface of lips has many elevations and depressions forming a characteristic pattern called lip prints, the study of which is known as cheiloscopy. This is unique for the individuals like in fingerprints.Methods: The present study was conducted in 40 pairs of twins and their families to evaluate the possibility of variation of lip print patterns in twins and their parents to find out any similarity among twins and their families.  The twins were taken as the primary subject and their parents as the secondary subjects.Results: The subjects with congenital lip deformity and any inflammation were excluded from the study. The lip prints were taken on the cello tape and highlighted with the black printer powder of Oddyessy make. the photographs were taken for the permanent record. The prints were studied on Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software and classified under Tsuchihashi classification.Conclusions: Comparison of lip prints showed that they are unique to each individual and among twins revealed that they are similar but not identical and their characteristics resembled either parent. Since the lip print patterns are unique, lip print analysis can be considered as a tool for personal identification

Recent advances in additive manufacturing for current challenges, materials and their applications

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology in 3-D printing has grown into a great field in today’s technological world, especially in manufacturing sectors. Various AM technologies have been developed presently and their advancement has beenprocessed worldwide is presented. Their advancement included usability and compatibility of the different types of material. Moreover, the applications of 3-D printing via different AM technologies in biomedical applications, dental implants, pharmaceutical industries, chemical processing equipment, structural components, automotive industries, marine sectors, aerospace sectors, sports equipment and food processing industries have been presented. However, suggested applications viadifferent AM technologies have also been reported. Further, the challenges in development of the 3D structure via different AM technologies have also been discussed. The remedial/treatment like pre and post processing operations, tool path planning, and slicing orientation have also been suggested in printing of the sound 3D complex structure

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, GC-MS AND FT-IR PROFILE OF COW URINE DISTILLATES PREPARED FROM FRESH URINE OF INDIGENOUS COW BREEDS

The present study was undertaken to explore the antimicrobial potential of cow urine distillate (gomutra ark) against pathogenic microorganisms of medical and veterinary significance. Cow urine distillates (CUDs) were prepared from fresh cow urine of three Indian breeds viz. Sahiwal, Tharparkar, and Vrindavani. CUDs obtained from two goshalas and one commercially available CUD were also tested for antimicrobial activity for comparison. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CUD, antimicrobial activity of concentrated CUD, bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential as well as vapor phase activity were also determined. FT-IR and GC-MS analysis of the selected CUDs was performed to detect the surface functional groups and chemical composition. No antimicrobial activity was detected in the CUDs by disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. However, antimicrobial activity was observed in the microtitre Plate (MTP) assay as evidenced by inhibition of visible growth (turbidity) or measuring optical density (OD595). CUDs prepared from indigenous cows (Sahiwal and Tharparkar) exhibited superior antimicrobial activity compared to CUDs from crossbred cows (Vrindavani) or commercial CUDs. In general, CUDs were bactericidal for Gram-negative bacteria but bacteriostatic for Gram-positive bacteria. The MIC of CUDs was found to be in the range of 1:4 to 1:8 dilution. The concentrated CUDs exhibited a relatively lesser antimicrobial effect. CUDs exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur. CUDs also exhibited antimicrobial activity in the vapor phase. FT-IR spectra of selected CUDs exhibited bending vibrations at 1633.5 cm-1 due to N-H groups resembling N-H bonding in the structure of urea and stretching vibrations at 3330. 10 cm-1 due to C-H group. GC-MS analysis of selected CUDs exhibited many compounds that may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity. The results of the study confirm the antimicrobial potential of CUD as reported in ancient literature

Evaluation of genipin-crosslinked chitosan hydrogels as a potential carrier for silver sulfadiazine nanocrystals

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.016In the present study genipin crosslinked chitosan (CHI) hydrogels, which had been constructed and reported in our previous studies (Lei Gao, et al. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2014, 117: 398), were further evaluated for their advantage as a carrier for silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) nanocrystal systems. Firstly, AgSD nanocrystals with a mean particle size of 289 nm were prepared by wet milling method and encapsulated into genipin crosslinked CHI hydrogels. AgSD nanocrystals displayed a uniform distribution and very good physical stability in the hydrogel network. Swelling-dependent release pattern was found for AgSD nanocrystals from hydrogels and the release profile could be well fitted with Peppas equation. When AgSD nanocrystals were encapsulated in hydrogels their fibroblast cytotoxicity decreased markedly, and their antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were still comparable to unencapsulated AgSD nanocrystals. In vivo evaluation in excision and burn cutaneous wound models in mice showed that AgSD nanocrystal hydrogels markedly decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6, but increased the levels of growth factors VEGF-A and TGF-β1. Histopathologically, the wounds treated by hydrogels containing AgSD nanocrystals showed the best healing state compared with commercial AgSD cream, hydrogels containing AgSD bulk powders and blank hydrogels. The wounds treated by AgSD nanocrystal hydrogels were dominated by marked fibroblast proliferation, new blood vessels and thick regenerated epithelial layer. Sirius Red staining assay indicated that AgSD nanocrystal hydrogels resulted in more collagen deposition characterized by a large proportion of type I fibers. Our study suggested that genipin-crosslinked CHI hydrogel was a potential carrier for local antibacterial nanomedicines

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Study on Mechanical Properties and Delamination Factor Evaluation of Chemically Treated Nettle Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

The exceptional benefits of natural fibers like high weight ratio, biodegradable and low density increased the usage of natural fibers reinforcement in polymers that has increased in recent years. To enhance bonding strength between polymers and natural fibers, this research paper is focused on the possibility of utilizing epoxy resin and nettle fiber to develop a biocomposite. In addition to that surface modification of nettle fibers has been done using different concentration of NaOH, KOH, and NaHCO3. The treated fibers were then reinforced in the epoxy resin to investigate the influence of chemicals on the mechanical properties of developed composites by performing tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength. The investigation results revealed that during the experimental investigation, maximum tensile strength (30.13 MPa), flexural strength (22.36 MPa), and impact strength (9.21 J) were discovered for 5% NaOH. Besides the mechanical testing, the fabricated composites were conventionally drilled to investigate the effect of spindle speed (50–800 rev/min), feed rate (0.125–1.2 mm/min), and drill diameter (4–8 mm). The study suggested increase in delamination factor at a higher feed rate and drill diameter. SEM was done on the drilled hole to observe the delamination damage