Indices of Upper Atmospheric Disturbance Phenomena in Auroral Zone

The earlier orbits and ephemerides for the Soviet satellites were not sufficiently accurate to be very useful in making observations in Alaska. Extrapolations from our own observations gave better predictions. This merely pointed out the fact that rough observations of meridian transits at high latitudes will give better values of the inclination of the orbit than precision observations at low latitudes. Hence, it was decided to observe visually the meridian transits estimating the altitude by noting the position with respect to the stars or using crude alidade measurements. The times of the earlier observations were observed on a watch or clock and the clock correction obtained from WWV. Later the times were determined with the aid of stop watches, taking time intervals from WWV signals. This rather meager program of optical observations of the Soviet satellites was undertaken to give supplementary data for use of the radio observations, and particularly to assist in the prediction of position of the satellite so that the 61-foot radar of Stanford Research Institute could be set accurately enough to observe it (the beam width at the half-power points is about 3°). This report contains primarily the visual observations made at the Geophysical Institute by various members of the staff, and a series of observations by Olaf Halverson at Nome, Alaska. In addition there is a short discussion of the geometry of the trajectory, the illumination of a circumpolar satellite, and a note on the evaluation of Brouwer's moment factors.IGY Project No. I.14 NSF Grant No. Y/l.14/1771. INTRODUCTION / C. T. Elvey and M. Sugiura -- KEY TO GRAPH DISTURBANCE INDICES -- 2. HOURLY RADAR INDICES OF AURORAL ACTIVITY / R. S. Leonard -- 3. HOURLY INDICES OF GEOELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC ACTIVITY / V. P. Hessler -- 4. HOURLY IONOSPHERIC ABSORPTION / H. Leinbach -- 5. HOURLY PHOTOMETRIC INDICES OF AURORAL ACTIVITY / W. Murcray -- 6. HOURLY SPECTROSCOPIC INDICES OF AURORAL ACTIVITY / G. J. Romick -- 7. AURORAL INDICES USING THE ALL-SKY CAMERA FILM / G. H. StanleyYe

Can realistic interaction be useful for nuclear mean-field approaches?

Recent applications of the M3Y-type semi-realistic interaction to the nuclear mean-field approaches are presented: (i) Prediction of magic numbers and (ii) isotope shifts of nuclei with magic proton numbers. The results exemplify that realistic interaction, which is derived from the base $2N$ and $3N$ interaction, furnish a new theoretical instrument for advancing nuclear mean-field approaches.Comment: 9 pages including 6 figures, published in EPJA 52, 185 (2016

Investigation of MAGSAT and TRIAD magnetometer data to provide corrective information on high-lattitude external fields

Disturbances in the MAGSAT magnetometer data set due to high latitude phenomena were evaluated. Much of the categorization of disturbances due to Birkeland currents, ionospheric Hall currents, fine structure and wave phenomena was done with the MAGSAT data catalog. A color graphics technique was developed for the display of disturbances from multiple orbits, from which one can infer a 'global-image' of the current systems of the auroral zone. The MAGSAT 4/81 magnetic field model appears to represent the Earth's main field at high latitudes very well for the epoch 1980. MAGSAT's low altitude allows analysis of disturbances in the magnetometer data due to ionospheric electrojet currents. These current distributions were modeled properly for single events as a precursor to the inference of the Birkeland current system. MAGSAT's orbit was approximately shared with that of the Navy/APL TRIAD satellite. This allowed space-time studies of the magnetic disturbance signatures to be performed, the result being an approximately 75% agreement in, as well as high frequency of, signatures due to Birkeland currents. Thus the field-aligned currents are a steady-state participant in the Earth's magnetospheric current system

Magnetic field observations in high beta regions of the magnetosphere

OGO for magnetic field observations in high beta regions of magnetospher

The Effect of Operating Method and Configuration of Soil Trench System on NH3-N and NO3-N Nitrogen Removal: Computer Simulation Results

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 8 (2006): The Effect of Operating Method and Configuration of Soil Trench System on NH3-N and NO3-N Nitrogen Removal: Computer Simulation Results. Manuscript LW 05 009. Vol. VIII. April, 2006

Reducing Resonant Vibration of a Rotor by Tuning the Gap between a Superconducting Bulk and a Permanent Magnet

AbstractThis study investigated passing through a critical speed of a rotor supported by a superconductor with an electromagnet. Here we adopted the idea that the gap between the superconductor and the rotor can be tuned variably by using electromagnetic force of the electromagnet so that the natural frequency or the stiffness can be changed. By using this method, it can be expected that resonant vibration be reduced. We developed an analytical model and then carried out numerical simulation. Numerical results show that considerable reduction of the resonant amplitude can be achieved by proper tuning of switching the electromagnet

Induction of inflorescence by CCC application on primary shoots of grapevines

Repeated CCC application at 500 ppm under the conditions of extended lang days and lower temperature of about 20 °C specifically induced inflorescences in place of tendrils on extending primary shoots of young graftings or cuttings of Muscat of Alexandria grapes.Inflorescence formation in the winter buds was much greater at 30 °C than at 20 °C along the whole shoot. CCC application increased inflorescence formation remarkably at either temperature, the effect being more pronounced at 20 °C.Die Induktion von Infloreszenzen durch Behandlung der Haupttriebe von Reben mit CCCJunge Pfropfreben oder Stecklinge der Sorte Muskat von Alexandria, deren Haupttriebe sich im Streekungswachstum befanden, wurden wiederholt mit 500 ppm CCC behandelt. Hierdurch wurden im ausgedehnten Langtag und in einem niedrigeren Temperaturbereich (ca. 20 °C) anstelle von Ranken speziell Infloreszenzen induziert. Längs des ganzen Triebes wurden in den Winterknospen bei 30 °C (ohne CCC-Behandlung) viel mehr Infloreszenzen angelegt als bei 20 °C. Durch CCC wurde die Infloreszenzbildung in beiden Temperaturbereichen beträchtlich gefördert, wobei für 20 °C eine auffälligere Wirkung festzustellen war

Global energetic neutral atom (ENA) measurements and their association with the Dst index

We present a new global magnetospheric index that measures the intensity of the Earth\u27s ring current through energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). We have named it the Global Energetic Neutral Index (GENI), and it is derived from ENA measurements obtained by the Imaging Proton Spectrometer (IPS), part of the Comprehensive Energetic Particle and Pitch Angle Distribution (CEPPAD) experiment on the POLAR satellite. GENI provides a simple orbit-independent global sum of ENAs measured with IPS. Actual ENA measurements for the same magnetospheric state look different when seen from different points in the POLAR orbit. In addition, the instrument is sensitive to weak ion populations in the polar cap, as well as cosmic rays. We have devised a method for removing the effects of cosmic rays and weak ion fluxes, in order to produce an image of “pure” ENA counts. We then devised a method of normalizing the ENA measurements to remove the orbital bias effect. The normalized data were then used to produce the GENI. We show, both experimentally and theoretically the approximate proportionality between the GENI and the Dst index. In addition we discuss possible implications of this relation. Owing to the high sensitivity of IPS to ENAs, we can use these data to explore the ENA/Dst relationship not only during all phases of moderate geomagnetic storms, but also during quiescent ring current periods

Determination of critical current density in melt-processed HTS bulks from levitation force measurements

A simple approach to describe the levitation force measurements on melt-processed HTS bulks was developed. A couple of methods to determine the critical current density $J_c$ were introduced. The averaged $ab$-plane $J_c$ values for the field parallel to this plane were determined. The first and second levitation force hysteresis loops calculated with these $J_c$ values coincide remarkably well with the experimental data.Comment: 10 pages (tex), 2 figures (in jpeg