14 research outputs found
Mobile safety alarms based on gps technology in the care of older adults:Systematic review of evidence based on a general evidence framework for digital health technologies
BackgroundGPS alarms aim to support users in independent activities. Previous systematic reviews have reported a lack of clear evidence of the effectiveness of GPS alarms for the health and welfare of users and their families and for social care provision. As GPS devices are currently being implemented in social care, it is important to investigate whether the evidence of their clinical effectiveness remains insufficient. Standardized evidence frameworks have been developed to ensure that new technologies are clinically effective and offer economic value. The frameworks for analyzing existing evidence of the clinical effectiveness of GPS devices can be used to identify the risks associated with their implementation and demonstrate key aspects of successful piloting or implementation.
ObjectiveThe principal aim of this study is to provide an up-to-date systematic review of evidence based on existing studies of the effects of GPS alarms on health, welfare, and social provision in the care of older adults compared with nonâGPS-based standard care. In addition, the study findings were assessed by using the evidence standards framework for digital health technologies (DHTs) established by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom.
MethodsThis review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Primary studies published in peer-reviewed journals and gray literature from January 2005 to August 2020 were identified through searches in 13 databases and several sources of gray literature. Included studies had individuals (aged â„50 years) who were receiving social care for older adults or for persons with dementia; used GPS devices as an intervention; were performed in Canada, the United States, European Union, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, South Korea, or Japan; and addressed quantitative outcomes related to health, welfare, and social care. The study findings were analyzed by using the NICE framework requirements for active monitoring DHTs.
ResultsOf the screened records, 1.6% (16/986) were included. Following the standards of the NICE framework, practice evidence was identified for the tier 1 categories Relevance to current pathways in health/social care system and Acceptability with users, and minimum evidence was identified for the tier 1 category Credibility with health, social care professionals. However, several evidence categories for tiers 1 and 2 could not be assessed, and no clear evidence demonstrating effectiveness could be identified. Thus, the evidence required for using DHTs to track patient location according to the NICE framework was insufficient.
ConclusionsEvidence of the beneficial effects of GPS alarms on the health and welfare of older adults and social care provision remains insufficient. This review illustrated the application of the NICE framework in analyses of evidence, demonstrated successful piloting and acceptability with users of GPS devices, and identified implications for future research
Artificial intelligence and precision health through lenses of ethics and social determinants of health: Protocol for a state-of-the-art literature review
Background: Precision health is a rapidly developing field, largely driven by the development of artificial intelligence (AI)ârelated solutions. AI facilitates complex analysis of numerous health data risk assessment, early detection of disease, and initiation of timely preventative health interventions that can be highly tailored to the individual. Despite such promise, ethical concerns arising from the rapid development and use of AI-related technologies have led to development of national and international frameworks to address responsible use of AI. Objective: We aimed to address research gaps and provide new knowledge regarding (1) examples of existing AI applications and what role they play regarding precision health, (2) what salient features can be used to categorize them, (3) what evidence exists for their effects on precision health outcomes, (4) how do these AI applications comply with established ethical and responsible framework, and (5) how these AI applications address equity and social determinants of health (SDOH). Methods: This protocol delineates a state-of-the-art literature review of novel AI-based applications in precision health. Published and unpublished studies were retrieved from 6 electronic databases. Articles included in this study were from the inception of the databases to January 2023. The review will encompass applications that use AI as a primary or supporting system or method when primarily applied for precision health purposes in human populations. It includes any geographical location or setting, including the internet, community-based, and acute or clinical settings, reporting clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes, including detection-, diagnosis-, promotion-, prevention-, management-, and treatment-related outcomes. Results: This is step 1 toward a full state-of-the-art literature review with data analyses, results, and discussion of findings, which will also be published. The anticipated consequences on equity from the perspective of SDOH will be analyzed. Keyword cluster relationships and analyses will be visualized to indicate which research foci are leading the development of the field and where research gaps exist. Results will be presented based on the data analysis plan that includes primary analyses, visualization of sources, and secondary analyses. Implications for future research and person-centered public health will be discussed. Conclusions: Results from the review will potentially guide the continued development of AI applications, future research in reducing the knowledge gaps, and improvement of practice related to precision health. New insights regarding examples of existing AI applications, their salient features, their role regarding precision health, and the existing evidence that exists for their effects on precision health outcomes will be demonstrated. Additionally, a demonstration of how existing AI applications address equity and SDOH and comply with established ethical and responsible frameworks will be provided
Juristutbildningen ur ett genusperspektiv
Den bild av juridiken som studenterna ges under utbildningen talar sitt tydliga sprĂ„k: kvinnan Ă€r kön, mannen Ă€r mĂ€nniska. Mannen Ă€r, med termer lĂ„nade av kvinnoforskaren Aas, âthe gender of no genderâ medan kvinnan representerar âthe gender of gender.â Eftersom vĂ„r lagstiftning formellt inte erkĂ€nner kön nĂ„gon juridisk relevans (utom i ett fĂ„tal fall) skapas en spĂ€nning inom det juridiska systemet. Dessa spĂ€nningar diskuteras inte i termer som synliggör genusrelationen utan förklaras med hĂ€nvisning till individuella förhĂ„llanden. Men, som Svensson skriver i sin avhandling Genus och rĂ€tt, det rĂ€cker inte med en formell, könsneutral rĂ€tt som riktar sig till individerna eftersom det Ă€r i relationen mellan könen ojĂ€mstĂ€lldheten finns. Konsekvenserna av att kvinnan representerar könet inom juridiken har under senare Ă„rtionden blivit föremĂ„l för analys av mĂ„nga feministiska rĂ€ttsteoretiÂker, filosofer, sociÂologer, journaliÂster m.fl. HĂ€r har vi berört nĂ„gra teoretiska aspekter vilka enligt vĂ„r uppfattning borde ges utrymme under utbiÂldniÂngen. GiÂvetviÂs finns mĂ€ngder av andra genusteoretiska infallsvinklar pĂ„ den materia som behandlas under juristutbildningen, och i arbetet med att införa perspektivet pĂ„ utbildningen blir det en grannlaga uppgift att vĂ€lja bland allt intressant och viktigt material. VĂ„r uppfattning Ă€r att införandet av genusperspektiv mĂ„ste ske vĂ€l integrerat i undervisningen, Ă€ven mellan olika Ă€mnen och terminer. GenusfrĂ„gor ska inte vara âtillĂ€ggens kunskapâ eller ett perspektiv som kan hoppas över eller marginaliseras, utan en sjĂ€lvklar del av juristens skolning till fĂ€rdig jurist. Av största betydelse Ă€r ocksĂ„ att studenterna inledningsvis ges en grundlig teoretisk genomgĂ„ng av den liberala rĂ€ttsteorins implikationer för kvinnor, dĂ„ detta Ă€r en viktig utgĂ„ngspunkt för den genusteoretiska kritiken av juridiken. Detta ska inte uppfattas som ett projekt mer politiskt Ă€n det juristutbildningen för nĂ€rvarande Ă€r inbegripen i att upprĂ€tthĂ„lla, dvs. den förmenta könsneutralitetens ideologi dĂ€r kvinnan Ă€r kön och mannen mĂ€nniska, utan som ett sĂ€tt att ge studenterna ytterligare verktyg för att skapa en komplex och mĂ„ngdimensionell förstĂ„else av rĂ€tten. Mot bakgrund hĂ€rav finns anledniÂng att fundera över RoAns (RĂ€ttshistoria och allmĂ€n rĂ€ttslĂ€ra) placering i utbildningen. Kanske kunde ett block ges redan under termin 1, och ett annat i utbildningens slutskede? Kritisk granskning av juridiska frĂ„gestĂ€llningar krĂ€ver kunskaper om systemets rötter, varför en orientering om dessa inte kan vĂ€nta till slutet av utbildningen enligt vĂ„r uppfattning. Till sammanfattning av vad vi funnit genom denna studie har vi stĂ€llt upp följande punkter: Konkreta brister i litteraturen âą Stor ensidighet betrĂ€ffande lĂ€roboksförfattarnas kön â i princip alla auktoriteter som lyfts fram Ă€r mĂ€n, vilka i sin tur refererar till andra manliga auktoriteter. âą De rĂ€ttsliga aktörerna Ă€r genomgĂ„ende mĂ€n â kvinnor synliggörs nĂ€stan bara i situationer med anknytning till reproduktion eller i relation till en man. âą Plötslig vĂ€xling kan ske mellan det könsneutrala framstĂ€llningssĂ€ttet och en könsspeciÂfik förstĂ„else. KviÂnnors underordning förutsĂ€tts dĂ€rmed, men diskuteras aldrig. Teoretisk förstĂ„else av rĂ€tten: relationen mellan könen diskuteras inte. Maktstrukturer förblir outforskade, genusrelationen osynliggörs. Den materiella rĂ€tten: omrĂ„den med relevans för kvinnor diskuteras endast i liten utstrĂ€ckning (exempelvis jĂ€mstĂ€lldhet i arbetslivet, vĂ„ld mot kvinnor etc). Ovan redovisade genomgĂ„ng, som gjorts pĂ„ uppdrag av JĂ€mstĂ€lldhetskommittĂ©n vid Uppsala universitet med anledning av den i Uppsala universitets jĂ€mstĂ€lldhetsplans angivna punkten att all kurslitteratur kontinuerligt ska utvĂ€rderas ur ett genusperspektiv, har viÂsat att stora brister finns i aktuell kurslitteratur vid juris kandidatprogrammet, Uppsala universitet, med avseende pĂ„ förekomsten av ett genusperspektiv
Juristutbildningen ur ett genusperspektiv
Den bild av juridiken som studenterna ges under utbildningen talar sitt tydliga sprĂ„k: kvinnan Ă€r kön, mannen Ă€r mĂ€nniska. Mannen Ă€r, med termer lĂ„nade av kvinnoforskaren Aas, âthe gender of no genderâ medan kvinnan representerar âthe gender of gender.â Eftersom vĂ„r lagstiftning formellt inte erkĂ€nner kön nĂ„gon juridisk relevans (utom i ett fĂ„tal fall) skapas en spĂ€nning inom det juridiska systemet. Dessa spĂ€nningar diskuteras inte i termer som synliggör genusrelationen utan förklaras med hĂ€nvisning till individuella förhĂ„llanden. Men, som Svensson skriver i sin avhandling Genus och rĂ€tt, det rĂ€cker inte med en formell, könsneutral rĂ€tt som riktar sig till individerna eftersom det Ă€r i relationen mellan könen ojĂ€mstĂ€lldheten finns. Konsekvenserna av att kvinnan representerar könet inom juridiken har under senare Ă„rtionden blivit föremĂ„l för analys av mĂ„nga feministiska rĂ€ttsteoretiÂker, filosofer, sociÂologer, journaliÂster m.fl. HĂ€r har vi berört nĂ„gra teoretiska aspekter vilka enligt vĂ„r uppfattning borde ges utrymme under utbiÂldniÂngen. GiÂvetviÂs finns mĂ€ngder av andra genusteoretiska infallsvinklar pĂ„ den materia som behandlas under juristutbildningen, och i arbetet med att införa perspektivet pĂ„ utbildningen blir det en grannlaga uppgift att vĂ€lja bland allt intressant och viktigt material. VĂ„r uppfattning Ă€r att införandet av genusperspektiv mĂ„ste ske vĂ€l integrerat i undervisningen, Ă€ven mellan olika Ă€mnen och terminer. GenusfrĂ„gor ska inte vara âtillĂ€ggens kunskapâ eller ett perspektiv som kan hoppas över eller marginaliseras, utan en sjĂ€lvklar del av juristens skolning till fĂ€rdig jurist. Av största betydelse Ă€r ocksĂ„ att studenterna inledningsvis ges en grundlig teoretisk genomgĂ„ng av den liberala rĂ€ttsteorins implikationer för kvinnor, dĂ„ detta Ă€r en viktig utgĂ„ngspunkt för den genusteoretiska kritiken av juridiken. Detta ska inte uppfattas som ett projekt mer politiskt Ă€n det juristutbildningen för nĂ€rvarande Ă€r inbegripen i att upprĂ€tthĂ„lla, dvs. den förmenta könsneutralitetens ideologi dĂ€r kvinnan Ă€r kön och mannen mĂ€nniska, utan som ett sĂ€tt att ge studenterna ytterligare verktyg för att skapa en komplex och mĂ„ngdimensionell förstĂ„else av rĂ€tten. Mot bakgrund hĂ€rav finns anledniÂng att fundera över RoAns (RĂ€ttshistoria och allmĂ€n rĂ€ttslĂ€ra) placering i utbildningen. Kanske kunde ett block ges redan under termin 1, och ett annat i utbildningens slutskede? Kritisk granskning av juridiska frĂ„gestĂ€llningar krĂ€ver kunskaper om systemets rötter, varför en orientering om dessa inte kan vĂ€nta till slutet av utbildningen enligt vĂ„r uppfattning. Till sammanfattning av vad vi funnit genom denna studie har vi stĂ€llt upp följande punkter: Konkreta brister i litteraturen âą Stor ensidighet betrĂ€ffande lĂ€roboksförfattarnas kön â i princip alla auktoriteter som lyfts fram Ă€r mĂ€n, vilka i sin tur refererar till andra manliga auktoriteter. âą De rĂ€ttsliga aktörerna Ă€r genomgĂ„ende mĂ€n â kvinnor synliggörs nĂ€stan bara i situationer med anknytning till reproduktion eller i relation till en man. âą Plötslig vĂ€xling kan ske mellan det könsneutrala framstĂ€llningssĂ€ttet och en könsspeciÂfik förstĂ„else. KviÂnnors underordning förutsĂ€tts dĂ€rmed, men diskuteras aldrig. Teoretisk förstĂ„else av rĂ€tten: relationen mellan könen diskuteras inte. Maktstrukturer förblir outforskade, genusrelationen osynliggörs. Den materiella rĂ€tten: omrĂ„den med relevans för kvinnor diskuteras endast i liten utstrĂ€ckning (exempelvis jĂ€mstĂ€lldhet i arbetslivet, vĂ„ld mot kvinnor etc). Ovan redovisade genomgĂ„ng, som gjorts pĂ„ uppdrag av JĂ€mstĂ€lldhetskommittĂ©n vid Uppsala universitet med anledning av den i Uppsala universitets jĂ€mstĂ€lldhetsplans angivna punkten att all kurslitteratur kontinuerligt ska utvĂ€rderas ur ett genusperspektiv, har viÂsat att stora brister finns i aktuell kurslitteratur vid juris kandidatprogrammet, Uppsala universitet, med avseende pĂ„ förekomsten av ett genusperspektiv
Juristutbildningen ur ett genusperspektiv
Den bild av juridiken som studenterna ges under utbildningen talar sitt tydliga sprĂ„k: kvinnan Ă€r kön, mannen Ă€r mĂ€nniska. Mannen Ă€r, med termer lĂ„nade av kvinnoforskaren Aas, âthe gender of no genderâ medan kvinnan representerar âthe gender of gender.â Eftersom vĂ„r lagstiftning formellt inte erkĂ€nner kön nĂ„gon juridisk relevans (utom i ett fĂ„tal fall) skapas en spĂ€nning inom det juridiska systemet. Dessa spĂ€nningar diskuteras inte i termer som synliggör genusrelationen utan förklaras med hĂ€nvisning till individuella förhĂ„llanden. Men, som Svensson skriver i sin avhandling Genus och rĂ€tt, det rĂ€cker inte med en formell, könsneutral rĂ€tt som riktar sig till individerna eftersom det Ă€r i relationen mellan könen ojĂ€mstĂ€lldheten finns. Konsekvenserna av att kvinnan representerar könet inom juridiken har under senare Ă„rtionden blivit föremĂ„l för analys av mĂ„nga feministiska rĂ€ttsteoretiÂker, filosofer, sociÂologer, journaliÂster m.fl. HĂ€r har vi berört nĂ„gra teoretiska aspekter vilka enligt vĂ„r uppfattning borde ges utrymme under utbiÂldniÂngen. GiÂvetviÂs finns mĂ€ngder av andra genusteoretiska infallsvinklar pĂ„ den materia som behandlas under juristutbildningen, och i arbetet med att införa perspektivet pĂ„ utbildningen blir det en grannlaga uppgift att vĂ€lja bland allt intressant och viktigt material. VĂ„r uppfattning Ă€r att införandet av genusperspektiv mĂ„ste ske vĂ€l integrerat i undervisningen, Ă€ven mellan olika Ă€mnen och terminer. GenusfrĂ„gor ska inte vara âtillĂ€ggens kunskapâ eller ett perspektiv som kan hoppas över eller marginaliseras, utan en sjĂ€lvklar del av juristens skolning till fĂ€rdig jurist. Av största betydelse Ă€r ocksĂ„ att studenterna inledningsvis ges en grundlig teoretisk genomgĂ„ng av den liberala rĂ€ttsteorins implikationer för kvinnor, dĂ„ detta Ă€r en viktig utgĂ„ngspunkt för den genusteoretiska kritiken av juridiken. Detta ska inte uppfattas som ett projekt mer politiskt Ă€n det juristutbildningen för nĂ€rvarande Ă€r inbegripen i att upprĂ€tthĂ„lla, dvs. den förmenta könsneutralitetens ideologi dĂ€r kvinnan Ă€r kön och mannen mĂ€nniska, utan som ett sĂ€tt att ge studenterna ytterligare verktyg för att skapa en komplex och mĂ„ngdimensionell förstĂ„else av rĂ€tten. Mot bakgrund hĂ€rav finns anledniÂng att fundera över RoAns (RĂ€ttshistoria och allmĂ€n rĂ€ttslĂ€ra) placering i utbildningen. Kanske kunde ett block ges redan under termin 1, och ett annat i utbildningens slutskede? Kritisk granskning av juridiska frĂ„gestĂ€llningar krĂ€ver kunskaper om systemets rötter, varför en orientering om dessa inte kan vĂ€nta till slutet av utbildningen enligt vĂ„r uppfattning. Till sammanfattning av vad vi funnit genom denna studie har vi stĂ€llt upp följande punkter: Konkreta brister i litteraturen âą Stor ensidighet betrĂ€ffande lĂ€roboksförfattarnas kön â i princip alla auktoriteter som lyfts fram Ă€r mĂ€n, vilka i sin tur refererar till andra manliga auktoriteter. âą De rĂ€ttsliga aktörerna Ă€r genomgĂ„ende mĂ€n â kvinnor synliggörs nĂ€stan bara i situationer med anknytning till reproduktion eller i relation till en man. âą Plötslig vĂ€xling kan ske mellan det könsneutrala framstĂ€llningssĂ€ttet och en könsspeciÂfik förstĂ„else. KviÂnnors underordning förutsĂ€tts dĂ€rmed, men diskuteras aldrig. Teoretisk förstĂ„else av rĂ€tten: relationen mellan könen diskuteras inte. Maktstrukturer förblir outforskade, genusrelationen osynliggörs. Den materiella rĂ€tten: omrĂ„den med relevans för kvinnor diskuteras endast i liten utstrĂ€ckning (exempelvis jĂ€mstĂ€lldhet i arbetslivet, vĂ„ld mot kvinnor etc). Ovan redovisade genomgĂ„ng, som gjorts pĂ„ uppdrag av JĂ€mstĂ€lldhetskommittĂ©n vid Uppsala universitet med anledning av den i Uppsala universitets jĂ€mstĂ€lldhetsplans angivna punkten att all kurslitteratur kontinuerligt ska utvĂ€rderas ur ett genusperspektiv, har viÂsat att stora brister finns i aktuell kurslitteratur vid juris kandidatprogrammet, Uppsala universitet, med avseende pĂ„ förekomsten av ett genusperspektiv
Implementation of welfare technology : a state-of-the-art review of knowledge gaps and research needs.
PURPOSE: To offer guidance for future welfare technology research, this review provides an overview of current knowledge gaps and research needs as reported in primary scientific studies addressing the implementation of welfare technology for older people, people with disabilities and informal caregivers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This paper conducted a state-of-the-art review based on systematic searches in 11 databases followed by a descriptive qualitative analysis of 21 selected articles. RESULTS: Knowledge gaps and research needs were identified concerning two categories: research designs and populations and focus of research. The articles reported needs for comparative studies, longitudinal studies, and demonstration trials as well as the development of co-design processes involving technology users. They also called for studies applying a social system theory approach, involving healthy and frail older adults, representative samples of users within and across countries, informal and formal caregivers, inter-and multidisciplinary teams, and care organizations. Moreover, there are reported needs for studies of acquirement, adoption and acceptance of welfare technology, attitudes, beliefs, and context related to welfare technology, caregiver perspectives on welfare technology, services to provide welfare technology and welfare technology itself. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable knowledge gaps and research needs concerning the implementation of welfare technology. They relate not only to the research focus but also to research designs, a social system theory approach and study populations. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION When planning for the implementation of welfare technology for older people and persons with disabilities, it is important to be aware that necessary evidence and guidance may not always be available in peer-reviewed scientific literature but considerable knowledge gaps and research needs remain. Actors implementing welfare technology are encouraged to include researchers in their projects to study, document and report experiences made, and thereby contribute to building the evidence base and supporting evidence-based implementation
School health professionalsâ understanding of culture: a scoping review protocol
Introduction Culture is highlighted in previous research as important in encounters where health professionals and children do not share a language or culture. In these encounters, culture is described as mainly related to the child, whereas the health professionalsâ understanding of their own culture as impacting the encounter tends to be left out. To clarify how culture is understood and conceptualised among professionals, it is of relevance to collate previous research on health professionalsâ understanding of culture. In the scoping review that this protocol describes, we aim to focus on the context of the school health services, being a context accessible to many children in their everyday life. The aim of the review will be to identify, describe and analyse previous research concerning school health professionalsâ (ie, school nurses, school social workers, school doctors and school psychologists) understanding of culture.Methods and analysis This scoping review will be guided by the methodology described by Peters et al and Khalil et al. Searches will be conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Cinahl Plus, SocIndex, Sociological Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, Web of Science and Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA). Any published scientific papers focusing on school health professionalsâ understanding of culture (conceptualised through a variety of related terms) and school health services conducted within the last 10 years (2013â2023) will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen all titles and abstracts for inclusion. Two reviewers will conduct the screening of full-text documents and the extraction of information. Qualitative content analysis as well as discourse analysis will be employed.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required for this study. The findings will be disseminated through peer review publication as well as presentation at conferences and to relevant stakeholders
Implementation of welfare technology : a systematic review of barriers and facilitators
Purpose Although studies addressing barriers to and facilitators of implementation of welfare technology have been published, no systematic review synthesising evidence on such factors has been found. The purpose of this study was therefore to identify and synthesise existing primary research on facilitators and barriers that influence the implementation of welfare technology for older people, people with disabilities and informal caregivers. Materials and methods A systematic search in 11 databases was performed using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify empirical studies that assess the implementation of welfare technology for older people, people with disabilities or informal caregivers. The search identified 33 publications with quantitative, qualitative and mixed method designs. The reported findings were thematically synthesised and conceptualised into themes. Results Six themes of facilitators and barriers that influence the implementation of welfare technology emerged: capacity, attitudes and values, health, expectations, participation and identity and lifestyle. These were presented from five perspectives: older persons and persons with disabilities, informal caregivers, health and care personnel, organisation and infrastructure and technology. The findings may be used as a means to structure the planning and evaluation of implementation processes of welfare technologies for older persons and persons with disabilities and to understand the complexities of implementation. Conclusions This knowledge generates deepened insights and structures to guide and evaluate the implementation processes of welfare technologies and engenders an understanding of the complexities of implementation