4,518 research outputs found
Stable ferromagnetism in p-type carbon-doped ZnO nanoneedles
Author name used in this publication: C. S. Wei2009-2010 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe
Hybrid simulations of positively and negatively charged pickup ions and cyclotron wave generation at Europa
In the vicinity of Europa, Galileo observed bursty AlfvĂ©n-cyclotron wave power at thegyrofrequencies of a number of species including K+,O+2,Na+, and Cl+, indicating the localized pickupof these species. Additional evidence for the presence of chlorine was the occurrence of both left-hand(LH) and right-hand (RH) polarized transverse wave power near the Cl+gyrofrequency, thought to bedue to the pickup of both Cl+and the easily formed chlorine anion, Clâ. To test this hypothesis, we useone-dimensional hybrid (kinetic ion, massless fluid electron) simulations for both positive and negativepickup ions and self-consistently reproduce the growth of both LH and RH AlfvĂ©n-cyclotron waves inagreement with linear theory. We show how the simultaneous generation of LH and RH waves can result innongyrotropic ion distributions and increased wave amplitudes, and how even trace quantities of negativepickup ions are able to generate an observable RH signal. Through comparing simulated and observed waveamplitudes, we are able to place the first constraints on the densities of Chlorine pickup ions in localizedregions at Europa
Self Injection length in La0.7 Ca0.3 Mno3-YBa 2Cu3O7-d ferromagnet- superconductor multi layer thin films
We have carried out extensive studies on the self-injection problem in
barrierless heterojunctions between La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) and YBa2Cu3O7-d
(YBCO). The heterojunctions were grown in situ by sequentially growing LCMO and
YBCO films on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrate using a pulsed laser deposition
(PLD) system. YBCO micro-bridges with 64 microns width were patterned both on
the LAO (control) and LCMO side of the substrate. Critical current, Ic, was
measured at 77K on both the control side as well as the LCMO side for different
YBCO film thickness. It was observed that while the control side showed a Jc of
~2 x 10E6 A/ cm2 the LCMO side showed about half the value for the same
thickness (1800 A). The difference in Jc indicates that a certain thickness of
YBCO has become 'effectively' normal due to self-injection. From the
measurement of Jc at two different thickness' (1800 A and 1500 A) of YBCO both
on the LAO as well as the LCMO side, the value of self-injection length (at
77K) was estimated to be ~900 A self-injection length has been quantified. A
control experiment carried out with LaNiO3 deposited by PLD on YBCO did not
show any evidence of self-injection.Comment: 6 pages, one figure in .ps forma
Beating the channel capacity limit for linear photonic superdense coding
Dense coding is arguably the protocol that launched the field of quantum
communication. Today, however, more than a decade after its initial
experimental realization, the channel capacity remains fundamentally limited as
conceived for photons using linear elements. Bob can only send to Alice three
of four potential messages owing to the impossibility of carrying out the
deterministic discrimination of all four Bell states with linear optics,
reducing the attainable channel capacity from 2 to log_2 3 \approx 1.585 bits.
However, entanglement in an extra degree of freedom enables the complete and
deterministic discrimination of all Bell states. Using pairs of photons
simultaneously entangled in spin and orbital angular momentum, we demonstrate
the quantum advantage of the ancillary entanglement. In particular, we describe
a dense-coding experiment with the largest reported channel capacity and, to
our knowledge, the first to break the conventional linear-optics threshold. Our
encoding is suited for quantum communication without alignment and satellite
communication.Comment: Letter: 6 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary Information: 4 pages, 1
figur
Dramatic escalation in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in a Chinese population experiencing rapid economic development
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Information on changes in prevalence of MetSyn in developing countries is limited. This study aims to compare MetSyn prevalence and its associated vascular risk over the period between 2002 and 2010 in a population which has had the worldâs fastest economic development over the past three decades.
Methods
Two health surveys were conducted by using the multistage cluster random sampling method in a Chinese population of 85 million in southern China. The participants received a full medical check-up, including measurement of blood pressure (BP), obesity indices, fasting lipids and glucose levels. Data describing socio-economic status and lifestyle factors were also collected through interview. Metabolic syndrome was defined in accordance with the International Diabetes Federation criteria.
Results
A total of 3,561 participants from Survey 2010 were included in the data analysis. Women had a significantly higher prevalence of MetSyn than men. Comparison between the two surveys shows that age-standardized prevalence of MetSyn increased fourfold (from 5.4% in 2002 to 21.3% in 2010) in those ⧠20 years. Among the MetSyn components, prevalence of hyperglycaemia has increased most (from 9.1% to 53.1%). The age-standardized prevalence of central obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia and low HDL-cholesterol increased from 13.5% to 25.4%, from 23.6% to 40.8%, from 12.1% to 17.4% and from 32.1% to 71.1%, respectively. Differences between rural and urban residents in the prevalence in MetSyn and its components narrowed in 2010.
Conclusions
Cardiovascular risk escalated dramatically in this population between 2002 and 2010. The escalation may relate to the rapid economic development, which led to accelerating changes in nutrition, lifestyle, and socio-economic status. Our findings suggest that health transition in rapidly developing second- and third-world countries may be much faster than what has been observed in Western countries.published_or_final_versio
Thunderclap headache triggered by micturition: responsive to nimodipine
Primary thunderclap headache (TCH) is a rare condition, of which the onset can be triggered by coughing, exercise, and sexual activity. Micturition is a recognized trigger of secondary TCH with pheochromocytoma in bladder, but not of primary TCH. We describe a patient with an apparent primary TCH, which repeatedly occurred immediately after micturition until she achieved a therapeutic dosage of nimodipine
Demon-like Algorithmic Quantum Cooling and its Realization with Quantum Optics
The simulation of low-temperature properties of many-body systems remains one
of the major challenges in theoretical and experimental quantum information
science. We present, and demonstrate experimentally, a universal cooling method
which is applicable to any physical system that can be simulated by a quantum
computer. This method allows us to distill and eliminate hot components of
quantum states, i.e., a quantum Maxwell's demon. The experimental
implementation is realized with a quantum-optical network, and the results are
in full agreement with theoretical predictions (with fidelity higher than
0.978). These results open a new path for simulating low-temperature properties
of physical and chemical systems that are intractable with classical methods.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, plus supplementarity material
Ultra-Sensitive Hot-Electron Nanobolometers for Terahertz Astrophysics
The background-limited spectral imaging of the early Universe requires
spaceborne terahertz (THz) detectors with the sensitivity 2-3 orders of
magnitude better than that of the state-of-the-art bolometers. To realize this
sensitivity without sacrificing operating speed, novel detector designs should
combine an ultrasmall heat capacity of a sensor with its unique thermal
isolation. Quantum effects in thermal transport at nanoscale put strong
limitations on the further improvement of traditional membrane-supported
bolometers. Here we demonstrate an innovative approach by developing
superconducting hot-electron nanobolometers in which the electrons are cooled
only due to a weak electron-phonon interaction. At T<0.1K, the electron-phonon
thermal conductance in these nanodevices becomes less than one percent of the
quantum of thermal conductance. The hot-electron nanobolometers, sufficiently
sensitive for registering single THz photons, are very promising for
submillimeter astronomy and other applications based on quantum calorimetry and
photon counting.Comment: 19 pages, 3 color figure
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