PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF LARGE EDDY SIMULATIONS OF A HYDROCYCLONE

Subgrid-scale modeling, which characterizes Large Eddy Simulation (LES), has been used to predict the behavior of a water-fed hydrocyclone operating without an air core. The governing equations were solved by a fractional step method on a staggered grid. The Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model was employed to account for turbulent effects. Numerical results actually capture the main features of the flow pattern and agree reasonably well with experiments, suggesting that LES represents an interesting alternative to classical turbulence models when applied to the numerical solution of fluid flows within hydrocyclones

Evidence for Lattice Effects at the Charge-Ordering Transition in (TMTTF)2_2X

High-resolution thermal expansion measurements have been performed for exploring the mysterious "structureless transition" in (TMTTF)$_{2}$X (X = PF$_{6}$ and AsF$_{6}$), where charge ordering at $T_{CO}$ coincides with the onset of ferroelectric order. Particularly distinct lattice effects are found at $T_{CO}$ in the uniaxial expansivity along the interstack $\textbf{\textit{c*}}$-direction. We propose a scheme involving a charge modulation along the TMTTF stacks and its coupling to displacements of the counteranions X$^{-}$. These anion shifts, which lift the inversion symmetry enabling ferroelectric order to develop, determine the 3D charge pattern without ambiguity. Evidence is found for another anomaly for both materials at $T_{int}$ $\simeq$ 0.6 $\cdot$ $T_{CO}$ indicative of a phase transition related to the charge ordering

A Hidden Complication of Pigtail Catheter Insertion

Pigtail catheters have emerged as an effective and less morbid alternative to traditional chest tubes for evacuation of pleural air. Rare complications in the literature have been reported. We report a case of a 92-year-old male who presented with dyspnea and shock, noted to have a pneumothorax requiring tube thoracostomy. Computed tomography demonstrated pigtail within the lung parenchyma. We discuss the implications of this occurrence

JCML: A specification language for the runtime verification of Java Card programs

AbstractJava Card is a version of Java developed to run on devices with severe storage and processing restrictions. The applets that run on these devices are frequently intended for use in critical, highly distributed, mobile conditions. They are required to be portable and safe. Often, the requirements of the application impose the use of dynamic, on-card verifications, but most of the research developed to improve the safety of Java Card applets concentrates on static verification methods. This work presents a runtime verification approach based on Design by Contract to improve the safety of Java Card applications. To this end, we propose JCML (Java Card Modelling Language) a specification language derived from JML (Java Modelling Language) and its implementation: a compiler that generates runtime verification code. We also present some experiments and quality indicators. This paper extends previous published work from the authors with a more complete and precise definition of the JCML language and new experiments and results

Aedes aegypti vector competence studies: A review.

Abstract Aedes aegypti is the primary transmitter of the four viruses that have had the greatest impact on human health, the viruses causing yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika fever. Because this mosquito is easy to rear in the laboratory and these viruses grow in laboratory tissue culture cells, many studies have been performed testing the relative competence of different populations of the mosquito to transmit many different strains of viruses. We review here this large literature including studies on the effect of the mosquito microbiota on competence. Because of the heterogeneity of both mosquito populations and virus strains used, as well as methods measuring potential to transmit, it is very difficult to perform detailed meta-analysis of the studies. However, a few conclusions can be drawn: (1) almost no population of Ae. aegypti is 100% naturally refractory to virus infection. Complete susceptibility to infection has been observed for Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV), but not yellow fever viruses (YFV); (2) the dose of virus used is directly correlated to the rate of infection; (3) Brazilian populations of mosquito are particularly susceptible to DENV-2 infections; (4) the Asian lineage of ZIKV is less infective to Ae. aegypti populations from the American continent than is the African ZIKV lineage; (5) virus adaptation to different species of mosquitoes has been demonstrated with CHIKV; (6) co-infection with more than one virus sometimes causes displacement while in other cases has little effect; (7) the microbiota in the mosquito also has important effects on level of susceptibility to arboviral infection; (8) resistance to virus infection due to the microbiota may be direct (e.g., bacteria producing antiviral proteins) or indirect in activating the mosquito host innate immune system; (9) non-pathogenic insect specific viruses (ISVs) are also common in mosquitoes including genome insertions. These too have been shown to have an impact on the susceptibility of mosquitoes to pathogenic viruses. One clear conclusion is that it would be a great advance in this type of research to implement standardized procedures in order to obtain comparable and reproducible results

Cultivo in vitro de embriões imaturos de manga.

O cultivo in vitro de embriões imaturos é uma técnica que vem sendo utilizada em apoio ao melhoramento genético de muitas espécies, contribuindo para a recuperação de plantas oriundas de cruzamentos, até então incompatíveis devido à barreiras pós-zigóticas que resultam no aborto do embrião nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento (HEE & ADACHI, 1997; ARBELOA et al., 2002). Para o sucesso desta metodologia, é necessário, no entanto, considerar uma série de aspectos que na maioria das vezes dificultam sua aplicação. A idade do embrião é seguramente um dos fatores mais determinantes no ajuste desta metodologia. Embriões maduros são praticamente autotróficos e as exigências nutricionais são mínimas, o que não ocorre com os embriões imaturos, cujas necessidades nutricionais são extremamente complexas e difíceis de ajustar no meio de cultura.pdf 175