International student mobility and labour market outcomes: an investigation of the role of level of study, type of mobility, and international prestige hierarchies

Over the last decades, there has been increasing interest in the topic of international student mobility (ISM). However, there is surprisingly little analysis of the ways in which different characteristics and types of short-term ISM or the importance of host education systems and labour markets may affect early career outcomes of formerly mobile graduates. Therefore, in this study we explore, first, the relationship between participation in ISM at the Bachelor and Master level and graduates’ wages and the duration of education-to-work transitions. Second, we investigate variations in ISM’s labour market outcomes according to the type of mobility: study, internships, or combinations of both. Third, we examine the relationship between labour market outcomes of formerly mobile students and the country of destination’s position in higher education international prestige hierarchies and labour market competitiveness. We use the Dutch National Alumni Survey 2015, a representative survey of higher education graduates in the Netherlands, conducted 1.5 years after graduation. Before controlling for selection into ISM, the results suggest the existence of labour market returns to ISM and that the heterogeneity of ISM experiences matters, as labour market outcomes vary according to the level of study, the type of mobility and the positioning of the country of destination in international prestige hierarchies. However, after controlling for selection into ISM through propensity score matching, the differences in early career outcomes between formerly mobile and non-mobile graduates disappear, suggesting that they cannot be causally attributed to their ISM-experience. We explain these results with reference to the characteristics of the Dutch education system and labour market, where restricted possibilities for upward vertical mobility limit returns to ISM in the local labour market

Topological superconductivity in semiconductor-superconductor-magnetic insulator heterostructures

Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures are promising platforms for realizing topological superconductors and exploring Majorana bound states physics. Motivated by recent experimental progress, we theoretically study how magnetic insulators offer an alternative to the use of external magnetic fields for reaching the topological regime. We consider different setups, where: (1) the magnetic insulator induces an exchange field in the superconductor, which leads to a splitting in the semiconductor by proximity effect, and (2) the magnetic insulator acts as a spin-filter tunnel barrier between the superconductor and the semiconductor. We show that the spin splitting in the superconductor alone cannot induce a topological transition in the semiconductor. To overcome this limitation, we propose to use a spin-filter barrier that enhances the magnetic exchange and provides a mechanism for a topological phase transition. Moreover, the spin-dependent tunneling introduces a strong dependence on the band alignment, which can be crucial in quantum-confined systems. This mechanism opens up a route towards networks of topological wires with fewer constraints on device geometry compared to previous devices that require external magnetic fields.Comment: 9+5 pages, 6 figure

Cannabidiol in neurological and neoplastic diseases: Latest developments on the molecular mechanism of action

As the major nonpsychotropic constituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabidiol (CBD) is regarded as one of the most promising therapeutic agents due to its proven effectiveness in clinical trials for many human diseases. Due to the urgent need for more efficient pharmacological treatments for several chronic diseases, in this review, we discuss the potential beneficial effects of CBD for Alzheimers disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and neurological cancers. Due to its wide range of pharmacological activities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties), CBD is considered a multimodal drug for the treatment of a range of neurodegenerative disorders, and various cancer types, including neoplasms of the neural system. The different mechanisms of action of CBD are here disclosed, together with recent progress in the use of this cannabis-derived constituent as a new therapeutic approach. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences by the internal grant for the implementation of a single scientific activity and by the National Centre for Research and Development by the grant ONKOKAN, INNOMED/I/11/NCBR/2014info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Moir\'e patterns in quantum images

We observed moir\'e fringes in spatial quantum correlations between twin photons generated by parametric down-conversion. Spatially periodic structures were nonlocally superposed giving rise to beat frequencies typical of moir\'e patterns. This result brings interesting perspectives regarding metrological applications of such a quantum optical setup.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Spin-polarized bound states in semiconductor-superconductor-ferromagnetic insulator islands

We report Coulomb blockade transport studies of InAs nanowires grown with epitaxial superconducting Al and ferromagnetic insulator EuS on overlapping facets. By comparing experimental results to a theoretical model, we associate cotunneling features in even-odd bias spectra with spin-polarized Andreev levels, indicating that spin splitting exceeding the induced superconducting gap at zero applied magnetic field. Energies of the polarized subgap states can be tuned on either side of zero by electrostatic gates

II Curso sobre a biologia do solo na agricultura.

Nitogênio. Fixação de nitrogênio atmosférico na simbiose Rhizobium- leguminosas. Nodulação das leguminosas. Fatores do solo. Fatores climáticos. Fixação de nitrogênio em gramíneas. Microrganismos do solo e aproveitamento de fósforo pelas plantas. O papel das micorrizas. Outos microrganismos. Matéria orgânica do solo: Dinâmica e importância na conservação do solo e produtividade agrícola. Classificação das substâncias no solo. Microorganismos e transformação da matéria orgânica no solo. A biomassa microbiana do solo. Adição de matéria orgânica ao solo: Adubação orgânica/verde. Sistemas agrícolas adequadas a utilização da fixação biológicas no nitrogênio. Rotação planejada de culturas. Consorciação de culturas. Cultivo em faixas. Sistemas agrosilvopastorais. Outras associações de plantas.bitstream/CNPAB-2010/27198/1/doc008.pd

Design of a novel THz sensor for structural health monitoring applications

In this paper, we propose a study on the characterization, design and simulation of a THz sensor for applications in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The proposed sensor is assembled using two frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) based on metamaterial wire resonators. We present a theoretical model to describe its electromagnetics which is used not only to understand the physical principles underlying the functioning of the sensor but also to determine a set of optimized parameters for its operation in the THz window from 395 GHz to 455 GHz. We present our numerical simulations, involving both electromagnetic and mechanical simulation techniques, to determine the reflectance profile of the sensor as a function of applied force. In this study we considered the possibility of using two thermoplastic polymers as host materials: High-Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) and PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (PTFE). The two sensors have a good dynamic range and comparable characteristics. However, we found that with HDPE it is possible to construct a sensor with a more linear response, although not as sensitive as in the case of PTFE. With HDPE we are able to pass from a situation of full transparency to almost full opacity using only its linear operating zone.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Full counting statistics of information content

We review connections between the cumulant generating function of full counting statistics of particle number and the R\'enyi entanglement entropy. We calculate these quantities based on the fermionic and bosonic path-integral defined on multiple Keldysh contours. We relate the R\'enyi entropy with the information generating function, from which the probability distribution function of self-information is obtained in the nonequilibrium steady state. By exploiting the distribution, we analyze the information content carried by a single bosonic particle through a narrow-band quantum communication channel. The ratio of the self-information content to the number of bosons fluctuates. For a small boson occupation number, the average and the fluctuation of the ratio are enhanced.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure

Measurement of the degree of Polarization Entanglement Through Position Interference

We produce polarization entangled states with variable degree of entanglement for twin photons. Entanglement in polarization is coupled to entanglement in position that produces transverse coincidence interference fringes. We show both theoretically and experimentally that, due to this coupling, we can use the interference pattern to measure the polarization degree of entanglement.Comment: 5 figure

Plasma-assisted deposition of microcapsule containing Aloe vera extract for cosmeto-textiles

There is a growing interest in the application of cosmeto-textiles to incorporate durable fragrances and skin softeners to textile.[1] Microencapsulation technology is a growing area in textile industry.[2, 3] The main disadvantage of using film-forming binders in the application of MCs onto textiles is hindrance of the active substances to be release. To overcome this issue MCs can be covalently linked onto textile substrate by using chemical or physical methods.[4] In recent years plasma technology has assumed a great importance.[5] It is a dry, environmentally- and worker-friendly method to achieve surface alteration without modifies the bulk properties of different materials.[6] It improves the fibre-matrix adhesion by introducing chemically active groups and changing the surface roughness.[7] The dielectric double barrier discharge (DBD) is one of the most effective non-thermal atmospheric plasma to improve the adsorption and adhesion of MCs in textiles [8-10]. The main objective of this study is to investigate the adhesion of MCs containing Aloe vera extract applied by padding and printing methods in a cotton/polyester (50/50) fabric (Co/PES) pre-treated with a DBD plasma discharge in air. Fabrics were analysed by contact angle, SEM and FTIR analysis. The printing and padding methods was compared in term of MCs coating efficiency, plasma dose and washing fastness.This work is supported by CSF - CAPES - Brazil (Bex 18.645-12-7) and FEDER funding on the COMPETE program and by national funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007136 and UID/CTM/00264.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio