Abfallpolitik in Nagasaki, Hannover und Halle

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Abfallpolitik in Deutschland and Japan untersucht. Und schwerpunktmassig ist die Abfallpolitik auf der kommunalen Ebene das Hauptthema. In unserer Arbeit wurden zwei deutsche Stadte und eine japanische Stadt gewahlt. Diese Wahl hat personliche Grunde. Einer der Mitautoren arbeitet in der Stadt Nagasaki. 2005 hat er als Gastdozent ein Semester lang in Halle ein Hauptseminar geleitet. Dabei wurden zusammen mit deutschen Studenten die Umweltstrategien in Japan und besonders in Nagasaki untersucht. Eine japanische Mitautorin ist Absolventin der Universitat Nagasaki und hat die Stadt Hannover besucht. Aus diesem Grund ergab es sich, die Abfallwirtschaft in Japan exemplarisch am Beispiel Nagasaki and die Abfallwirtschaft in Deutschland exemplarisch am Beispiel Hannover und Halle zu vergleichen. Im ersten Kapitel der vorliegenden Arbeit wind die Abfallpolitik in Deutschland, zunachst auf Bundesebene und dann in den Stadten Halle und Hannover behandelt. Im zweiten Kapitel wird die Abfallpolitik in Japan, zuerst auf der staatlichen Ebene und darn im Bereich der Stadt Nagasaki betrachtet. Die staatlichen Abfallgesetze, deren Einfluss auf die kommunale Abfallpolitik, Massnahmen zur Reduzierung von Abfallen, das Abfallaufkommen usw., werden behandelt und untersucht.Im dritten Kapitel folgt ein Vergleich der Abfallpolitik deutscher and japanischer Stadte, sowie einige Schlussbemerkungen

松本歯科大学病院における小児全身麻酔下集中歯科治療の検討 : 過去11年間の環境要因の変遷について

We investigated the actual child-rearing environment, considering factors such as hygiene training, among 177 children (102 boys, 75 girls) ranging from 1 year and 9 months to 7 years and 2 months in age who underwent intensive dental treatment under general anesthesia in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University Hospital between January 1990 and December 2000. The following results were obtained. 1) The annual number of patients slightly increased between 1992 and 1994. Thereafter, the annual number of patients decreased slightly each year. 2) The mean age attreatmentwas 3 years and 7 months (44.5±12.9 months). 3) Concerning the regional distribution, more than 50% of the children came from Nagano Prefecture areas other than Shiojiri City, where our university is located. 4) With respect to feeding methods during infancy, most children were breast fed or mixed breast and bottle fed. Furthermore, any feeding irregularity was noted. 5) The mean interval from birth until the start of weaning was 7.5±4.1 months. The mean interval until completion of weaning was 16.0±6.3 months. 6) 95.5% of the children habitually brushed their teeth. The frequency of tooth brushing was "once a day" or "sometimes" in 69.5% of the children. 7) Overall, 46.9% of the children had received fluoride application

中国上海市小児における乳歯列形態の検討 : 正常咬合児72例の模型から

To obtain the dimensional data of the dental casts of growing and developing Chinese children, and to compare the data to the Japanese, we have performed dental examinations on children in the kindergarten attached to Shanghai Teachers\u27 University in Shanghai since 1996. As study materials, dental casts obtained between 1996 and 1999 from 72 Chinese children aged 3 to 6 years with normal primary occlusion were used to evaluate the mesio-distal crown diameters of the primary teeth, the sizes of the primary dental arch, and the standard values and frequency distributions of primary occlusion. 1. Males showed higher values in mesio-distal crown diameters in deciduous teeth, and the size of dental arch than females. 2. In regard to the interdental spaces both in the maxilla and mandible, primate and developmental spaces together were most frequently observed. 3. In regard to the occlusal relationship, the incidence of terminal planes was higher in the order of Vertical type > Mesial step type > Distal step type, and the incidence of primary canine occlusal relationship was higher in the order of type I>type III>type II. 4. The items that were thought to be characteristic of Chinese children were the frequency of only primate spaces, and the incidence of the Mesial step type of terminal plane and type III primary canine occlusal relationship

中国人小児の歯科疾患実態調査 : 天津(市内・郊外)および日本との比較

Dental health checkups of children were conducted in Tianjin, China (central and suburban areas of the city). The prevalence of dental disease in Tianjin was compared with that in Japan as reported in a 1999 survey report. The following results were obtained. 1. There was no marked difference in the prevalence of dental disease between central and suburban areas of Tianjin. 2. The caries incidence ratio and the average number of decayed teeth per child were significantly higher in Tianjin than in Japan, but the treated teeth rate was significantly lower in Tianjin than in Japan. This indicates that the treatment of dental caries is not sufficient in China. 3. Dental caries tended to be more severe among Japanese than Chinese children. As the economy develops and living conditions change in China, dental caries may become more prevalent there, coming to resemble Japan\u27s present condition. Follow-up sur-veys are needed

Preferential Paternal Origin of Microdeletions Caused by Prezygotic Chromosome or Chromatid Rearrangements in Sotos Syndrome

Sotos syndrome (SoS) is characterized by pre- and postnatal overgrowth with advanced bone age; a dysmorphic face with macrocephaly and pointed chin; large hands and feet; mental retardation; and possible susceptibility to tumors. It has been shown that the major cause of SoS is haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene at 5q35, because the majority of patients had either a common microdeletion including NSD1 or a truncated type of point mutation in NSD1. In the present study, we traced the parental origin of the microdeletions in 26 patients with SoS by the use of 16 microsatellite markers at or flanking the commonly deleted region. Deletions in 18 of the 20 informative cases occurred in the paternally derived chromosome 5, whereas those in the maternally derived chromosome were found in only two cases. Haplotyping analysis of the marker loci revealed that the paternal deletion in five of seven informative cases and the maternal deletion in one case arose through an intrachromosomal rearrangement, and two other cases of the paternal deletion involved an interchromosomal event, suggesting that the common microdeletion observed in SoS did not occur through a uniform mechanism but preferentially arose prezygotically