Prevalence and etiology of buffalo mastitis and milk somatic cell count in dry and rainy seasons in a buffalo herd from Analândia, São Paulo State, Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate somatic cell count (SCC), prevalence andetiology of mastitis in a dairy buffalo herd from Analândia, São Paulo State, Brazil,in the dry and rainy seasons. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility profile ofmicroorganisms isolated from milk samples was also evaluated. 1,042 milk samples fromfemale Murrah buffaloes in a dairy farm located in Analândia, São Paulo State,Brazil, collected between May 2011 and November 2012 were analyzed. After the mammarygland physical examination, strip cup test and California Mastitis Test (CMT) wereperformed. Afterwards, 50mL of milk samples from each mammary quarter were collectedaseptically for SCC in automatic equipment and microbiological examination. Theantimicrobial sensitivity profile to ampicillin, cefoperazone, ceftiofur,enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, andsulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was evaluated by disk diffusion method. The monthlyaverage temperature and pluviometric index were obtained from Centro Integrado deInformações Agrometeorológicas (CIIAGRO) of Instituto Agronômico de Campina(IAC). Milk samples with positive results in the microbiological test showed averageSCC of 137,720 cells/mL in the dry period and 190,309 cells/mL in the rainy period.Although a higher number of isolated microorganisms was observed in buffalo milksamples during the rainy period (69/600) compared to the dry period (50/442), theseason had no significant effect on the frequency of isolation of microorganisms. Themain genera of microorganisms isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (38.4%), Streptococcus agalactiae(28.8%), and Bacillus spp. (7.56%) during the dry season and Corynebacterium sp. (23.5%), Streptococcus spp.(32.3%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (9.24%) during the rainyperiod. Multidrug resistance was observed in 30.1% of the isolatedmicroorganisms.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a contagem de células somáticas, aprevalência e a etiologia da mastite bubalina nas estações seca e chuvosa em umrebanho de bubalinos do município de Analândia, estado de São Paulo, Brasil.Adicionalmente, verificou-se o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana domicro-organismos isolados nas amostras de leite das búfalas. Foram avaliadas 1.042amostras de leite de búfalas da raça Murrah pertencentes a uma propriedade rurallocalizada no município de Analândia-SP, obtidas no período de maio de 2011 enovembro de 2012. Após o exame físico da glândula mamária, foram realizados o testeda caneca de fundo escuro e o California Mastits Test (CMT); em seguida, foramcolhidas, de forma asséptica, amostras de 50mL de leite de cada quarto mamário, paraa contagem de células somáticas (CCS) em aparelho automático e exame microbiológico.Também, foi avaliado o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana a ampicilina,cefoperazona, ceftiofur, enrofloxacina, gentamicina, neomicina, oxacilina, penicilinae sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim, pelo método de difusão em disco. A temperatura média eo índice pluviométrico mensais foram obtidos no Centro Integrado de InformaçõeAgrometeorológicas (CIIAGRO) do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). Notou-se queas amostras de leite com resultado positivo no exame microbiológico apresentaram CCSmédia de 137.720 células/mL, no período seco, e 190.309 células/mL, no períodochuvoso. Embora tenha se constatado maior índice de isolamentos de micro-organismonas amostras de leite obtidas no período chuvoso (69/600) do que no período seco(50/442), a frequência de isolamentos não foi influenciada significativamente pelaestação do ano. Os principais gêneros de micro-organismos isolados durante o períodoseco foram Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (38,4%), Streptococcu agalactiae (28,8%) e Bacillus spp. (7,56%), e no períodochuvoso Corynebacterium sp. (23,5%), Streptococcuspp. (32,3%) e Streptococcus agalactiae (9,24%). Verificou-seresistência a três ou mais antimicrobianos em 30,1% dos micro-organismoisolados.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UnespFaculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UnespFAPESP: 2011/03514-0FAPESP: 2011/19480-

Taxa de fertilidade de novilhas de diferentes grupos genéticos com primeiro serviço aos 14 meses de idade

Foram avaliadas as taxas de reconcepção de 98 novilhas primíparas (34 Guzerá - G, 32, 1/2 Guzerá x 1/2 Nelore - GN e 32,1/2 Red Angus x 1/2 Nelore - AN) com 14 meses de idade e peso médio de aproximadamente 249,65kg, criadas em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu. Na segunda estação de monta (EM), foram utilizadas apenas as 36 primíparas gestantes na primeira EM (três G, nove GN e 24 AN), com média de idade de 26 meses e peso corporal de 313,67±25,01kg, 336,50±45,84kg e 399,86±44,45kg, respectivamente, para as fêmeas dos grupos G, GN e AN. O grupo AN apresentou ganho médio diário (GMD) de 0,30±0,06 (kg/dia) e maiores taxas (58,33) de reconcepção (P<0,05), comprovando que a heterose resultante do cruzamento entre raças distintas com maior distância genética (Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus) proporciona maior desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo

Morphometry of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro in culture media with antioxidants cysteamine or oily extract of Lippia origanoides

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the ultrastructural morphometry of bovine embryos produced in vitro grown at different concentrations of antioxidants. After in vitro maturation and fertilization, the presumptive zygotes were assigned into five treatments. T1) without the addition of any antioxidants (negative control); T2) addition of 50μM/mL cysteamine; and T3, T4 and T5) adding 2.5μg/mL, 5.0μg/mL or 10.0μg/mL of the antioxidants derived from the oily extract from Lippia origanoides, respectively. On D7 of culture, the embryos in the blastocyst stage were fixed and prepared for electron transmission microscopy. These were evaluated for the proportion of cytoplasm-to-nucleus, cytoplasm-to-mitochondria, cytoplasm-to-vacuoles, cytoplasm-to-autophagic vacuoles and cytoplasm-to-lipid droplets. Blastocysts cultured in media containing oily extract of Lippia origanoides presented morphological characteristics such as high cell:mitochondria ratio and low cell:vacuoles and cell:autophagic vacuole ratio, possibly been morphological indicators of embryonic quality. Inner cell mass (ICM) from blastocysts cultured in media without any antioxidants had the highest cell:vacuole ratio. Similar results were found in the trophectoderm (TE) cells of blastocysts from treatment 2. Embryo culture media supplemented with antioxidants derived from Lippia origanoides oil produced embryos with a higher cytoplasmic proportion of organelles, such as mitochondria. Also, treatments without any antioxidants or with the addition of cysteamine presented cytoplasmic vacuolization, a characteristic related to production of poor-quality embryos.</jats:p

Antioxidant activity of oily extract obtained from Lippia origanoides improves the quality of bovine embryos produced in vitro

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of embryo culture medium with antioxidant obtained from oily extract of Lippia origanoides on in vitro blastocyst development and quality. Oocytes collected from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured and fertilized in vitro following standard laboratory procedures. Zygotes were cultured in SOF medium supplemented according to the following treatments: T1 embryo culture medium without antioxidant supplementation; T2)50μM/mL Cysteamine; T3)2.5μg/mL; T4)5.0μg/mL and T5)10.0μg/mL of antioxidant obtained from oily extract of Lippia origanoides. On the seventh day of culture, the blastocysts were fixed and evaluated for apoptosis rates, number of total cell and inner cell mass cells by means of the TUNEL Test. The use of antioxidants during cultivation did not increase (P&gt; 0.05) the final blastocyst production rate. The treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 had the lowest (P&lt; 0.05) apoptotic indexes (4.5±1.1%, 8.4±2.5%, 3.4±1.1% and 5.5±0.9%, respectively) when compared to T1 treatment (10.0±1.4%). The number of inner cell mass did not differ (P&gt; 0.05) among embryos from different treatments. The addition of antioxidant obtained from oily extract of Lippia origanoides reduces the apoptosis rate and improves the quality without increasing the total in vitro production of bovine embryos.</jats:p

Morphometry of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro in culture media with antioxidants cysteamine or oily extract of Lippia origanoides

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the ultrastructural morphometry of bovine embryos produced in vitro grown at different concentrations of antioxidants. After in vitro maturation and fertilization, the presumptive zygotes were assigned into five treatments. T1) without the addition of any antioxidants (negative control); T2) addition of 50μM/mL cysteamine; and T3, T4 and T5) adding 2.5μg/mL, 5.0μg/mL or 10.0μg/mL of the antioxidants derived from the oily extract from Lippia origanoides, respectively. On D7 of culture, the embryos in the blastocyst stage were fixed and prepared for electron transmission microscopy. These were evaluated for the proportion of cytoplasm-to-nucleus, cytoplasm-to-mitochondria, cytoplasm-to-vacuoles, cytoplasm-to-autophagic vacuoles and cytoplasm-to-lipid droplets. Blastocysts cultured in media containing oily extract of Lippia origanoides presented morphological characteristics such as high cell:mitochondria ratio and low cell:vacuoles and cell:autophagic vacuole ratio, possibly been morphological indicators of embryonic quality. Inner cell mass (ICM) from blastocysts cultured in media without any antioxidants had the highest cell:vacuole ratio. Similar results were found in the trophectoderm (TE) cells of blastocysts from treatment 2. Embryo culture media supplemented with antioxidants derived from Lippia origanoides oil produced embryos with a higher cytoplasmic proportion of organelles, such as mitochondria. Also, treatments without any antioxidants or with the addition of cysteamine presented cytoplasmic vacuolization, a characteristic related to production of poor-quality embryos.</div

Antioxidant activity of oily extract obtained from Lippia origanoides improves the quality of bovine embryos produced in vitro

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of embryo culture medium with antioxidant obtained from oily extract of Lippia origanoides on in vitro blastocyst development and quality. Oocytes collected from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured and fertilized in vitro following standard laboratory procedures. Zygotes were cultured in SOF medium supplemented according to the following treatments: T1 embryo culture medium without antioxidant supplementation; T2)50μM/mL Cysteamine; T3)2.5μg/mL; T4)5.0μg/mL and T5)10.0μg/mL of antioxidant obtained from oily extract of Lippia origanoides. On the seventh day of culture, the blastocysts were fixed and evaluated for apoptosis rates, number of total cell and inner cell mass cells by means of the TUNEL Test. The use of antioxidants during cultivation did not increase (P> 0.05) the final blastocyst production rate. The treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 had the lowest (P 0.05) among embryos from different treatments. The addition of antioxidant obtained from oily extract of Lippia origanoides reduces the apoptosis rate and improves the quality without increasing the total in vitro production of bovine embryos.</div