Incidence of cephalosporin resistance among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria

Background: The emergence of beta-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major global challenge, particularly, the rise in the resistance to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins.Aim: This study was carried out to determine the resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to different generations of cephalosporins.Methods: A total number of one hundred clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from June to November 2014 at University Teaching Hospital Ibadan, Oyo State. These were tested for their sensitivity to antibiotics by means of disc diffusion method using prepared antibiotics disc containing different μ of antibiotics; Cefotaxine (30μ), Cefaclor (30μ), Cefamandole (30μ), Cefixime (5μ), Cefepime (30μ), Cefpodoxime (30μ) and Ceftazidime (30μ).Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed absolute resistance to all antibiotics used except Ceftazidime, and Cefepime which are third and fourth generation of cephalosporin respectively. Ceftazidime had minimal resistant of 21% and higher susceptibility rate of 76%, Cefepime had the highest susceptibility rate of 90% and minimal resistance of 6%. Cefotaxime and Cefpodoxime had minimal intermediate of 1%, Ceftazidime of 3% and Cefepime of 4%.Conclusion: The result from this study provided more evidence that among third generation of cephalosporins used, some are more active than the other while fourth generation is still the most effective of all other generations. Knowledge on the distribution of cephalosporin-resistant organisms is of ultimate importance as a guide in empirical therapy, taking note of preventive strategies as well as control measures against the spread of resistant microorganisms.Keywords: Cephalosporins, resistance, susceptibility, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibiotics, organis

A Survey of the Awareness of Prostate Cancer and its Screening among Men Attending the Outpatient Clinics of a Tertiary Health Center in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among Nigerian men and the second most common cause of death from cancer in men worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness of prostate cancer among men attending the various outpatients’ clinics of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive cross‑sectional study. Self‑administered structured questionnaires were used to collect information from consecutives patients attending the various outpatient clinics of the hospital. Results: One hundred and forty‑six respondents with an age range of 40–80 years participated in this study. Sixty‑nine (47.3%) respondents were aware of prostate cancer while 77 (52.7%) have never heard of the disease. Twenty (13.7%) participants were aware of the availability of a screening test for the disease and only 12 (8.2%) have had any form of screening for prostate cancer. Conclusion: There is a low level of awareness of prostate cancer among patients seen at our center and also level of voluntary screening for the disease is low.Keywords: Awareness, Lagos, Nigeria, prostate cance

Clinical profile, knowledge, and beliefs about diabetes among patients attending a Tertiary Health Centre in Lagos: A cross‑sectional survey

Introduction: Diabetes affects 347 million people worldwide; more than 80% of the affected live in low‑ or middle‑income countries. Patients’ beliefs about their medical conditions are important in helping physician focus on beliefs that needed to be changed or reinforced. The overall aim of this study was to improve the standard of care of patients with diabetes.Methods: The study designed was a cross‑sectional survey; adults with diabetes attending diabetic clinic of LASUTH took part in the survey. Participants were asked to fill a structured questionnaire which was used to assess clinical patterns, beliefs, and practice about diabetes.Results: One hundred and fifty patients with diabetes took part in the study. This study showed that more females presented with diabetes compared with males, type 2 diabetes is commonerthan type 1 and there is a highassociation of the disease with hypertension or being overweight. More than half of the participants do not know the cause of diabetes, 13% believed that disease is curable, and 30% admitted to use alternative medications in addition to the anti‑diabetic medications prescribed by the physicians.Conclusion: Knowing patients’ beliefs and knowledge about diabetes is important to impart overall care for them. Health education about a disease should be planned to address beliefs and knowledge of patients about their medical condition to address misinformation and misconceptions about their disease conditions.Keywords: Belief, diabetes, health education, Nigeria, practic

Determinants of farm mechanization among arable crop farmers in Ibarapa zone, Oyo State, Nigeria.

This study assessed the determinants of machinery use among farmers in Ibarapa zone of Oyo State, with special focus on its determinants and the differential farm productivity of users and non-users of farm machinery in the zone. One hundred and twenty five (125) arable crop farmers were interviewed using two stage stratified simple random sampling technique while information from sixty (60) users and forty (40) non-users of farm machinery was used for analysis. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Logit regression analysis, budgetary analysis and test of difference of mean. The study revealed that, relative to non-users of farm machinery; majority of the farmers using machinery were relatively younger, more educated, cultivated larger area of farmland and have more exposure to extension agents. The logit regression results revealed that farm size (p ≤ 0.10), farm income(p ≤ 0.10) and farming experience ( p ≤ 0.10) significantly affected the use of farm machinery in the study area. The test of hypotheses revealed that users of mechanisation significantly made more profit (N73, 299.69) than non-users (N23, 153.87) (p ≤ 0.10). The study recommended that farmers should be encouraged to cultivate large farm holdings through collective or cooperative effort and that majority of the farmers should be more enlightened to use farm machinery as an avenue for improved farm productivity and profitability. Keywords: Farm Mechanisation; Determinants; Profitability; Arable-crop Farmers; Oyo state Moor Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7 (1&2) 2006 pp. 49-5