Teknik Komunikasi Trainer Lembaga Pengembangan Sumber Daya Insani Dalam Mengatasi Kenakalan Siswa/Siswi Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah 1 Medan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kenakalan yang terjadi pada siswa/siswi Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah 1 Medan serta bagaimana teknik komunikasi yang dilakukan trainer Lembaga Pengembangan Sumber Daya Insani dalam upaya mengatasi kenakalan siswa-siswi tersebut, mengetahui hasil yang dicapai, kendala dan peluangnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriftif yaitu merupakan penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan informasi mengenai suatu gejala yang ada yang dilakukan dengan melihat keadaan gejala menurut apa adanya pada saat penelitian dilakukan, penelitian ini bersifat field research atau penelitian lapangan yaitu metode penelitian yang di lakukan dengan mengadakan penelitian langsung ke lokasi penelitian yang telah ditentukan. Untuk mendapatkan data yang dibutuhkan, maka peneliti menggunakan instrumen pengumpul data berupa Observasi, Wawancara, Dokumentasi. Untuk menganalisis hasil kenakalan siswa/siswi digunakan metode kualitatif yang akan disajikan secara deskriftif. Selanjutkan untuk menarik kesimpulan, penulis akan menggunakan teknik analisis deduktif yang akan dilakukan dengan menarik kesimpulan dari yang bersifat umum kepada kesimpulan yang lebih bersifat khusus. Untuk memperkuat kesahihan atau menjaga keabsahan data dalam sebuah penelitian, diperlukan adanya standar yang dapat menjaga keabsahan data melalui kriteria derajat kepercayaan(kredibility),keteralihan(transferability,ketergantungan(dependability),ketegasan (confirmability Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kenakalan siswa/siswi di Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah 1 Medan ini secara umum sangat rendah. Tawuran hanya terjadi satu atau dua kali saja dalam setahun dan pelanggaran merokok bisa dikatakan hanya 5 orang saja serta yang membolos hanya 2 atau 3 orang saja. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa teknik yang dilakukan trianer dalam pengelolaan pesan, penyampaian dan penyajian pesan yang dilakukan dengan bahasa yang mudah dimengerti dan disesuaikan dengan bahasa yang populer dikalangan para remaja atau para siswa-siswi, menggunakan komunikasi verbal dan non verbal dengan maksud agar komunikasi yang dilakukan lebih hidup dan emosi dari pesan-pesan yang disampaikan para trainer dapat diterima dengan baik dan dapat benar-benar dirasakan oleh para siswa-siswi, serta mempunyai pengaruh dalam mengatasi kenakalan siswa-siswi di Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah 1 Medan

Comparative study of performance of shoe polishes formulated from polyethylene and carbon black (C. I. Black pigment 7)

Polyethylene pigment was generated from “pure water sachets” (one of the major environmental nuisance today) and used in the formulation of shoe polish using paraffin wax, white spirit, turpentine oil, and nitrocellulose. The polish was found to exhibit similar wrinkle resistance, inferior gloss, rub resistance; resistance to fading and dust absorption resistance comparable to the one formulated from carbon black pigment. Polyethylene polish like the one formulated using carbon black pigment was found to be fairly well comparable with some commercial shoe polishes in most of the parameters evaluated.Keywords: Polish, Carbon, Resistance, Paraffi

Pesan-Pesan Komunikasi Edukatif Dalam Mendidik Anak (Tinjauan Prespektif Komunikasi Islam)

Pembahasan ini mentela’ah tentang pesan-pesan komunikasi edukatif dalam mendidik anak dilihat dari sudut pandang prespektif komunikasi Islam yang merujuk pada Al-qur,an dan Hadist. Bagaimana sebenarnya pesan-pesan komunikasi antara orangtua dan anak yang ada dalam Al-qur,an dan hadist memiliki nilai-nilai edukatif dari orangtua ke anak yang tertuang secara tersurat dan tersirat. Pendekatan dalam kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian literature kepustakaan(Library Research) dengan mempelajari dan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai literature, buku-buku serta sumber-sumber yang relevan dan mendukung kajian penelitian. Sedangkan untuk analisis data, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dalam komunikasi Islam yang konsep dasarnya merujuk pada Al-qura,an dan hadits, terdapat banyak sekali ayat-ayat yang menjelaskan secara tersurat dan tersirat tentang komunikasi edukatif. hal ini dapat diihat dari ciri komunikasi edukatif itu sendiri didalam pesannya, yaitu adanya pesan yang berisikan penanaman nilai-nilai edukatif antar komunikator yaitu orangtua, kepada komunikan yaitu anaknya. Pesan-pesan tersebut berisikan penanaman nilai-nilai pendidikan serta penanaman keyakinan yang fundamental bagi diri manusia khusus jiwa seorang muslim yaitu nilai-nilai tauhid, aqidah dan nilai-nilai moral atau akhlak mulia yang ditanamkan orangtua kepada anaknya dalam segala hal kehidupan termasuk dalam hal komunikasi

Nutritional and Antinutritional Composition of Sclerocarya birrea Fruit Juice

The juice of Sclerocarya birrea fruit was evaluated for its nutritional and antinutritional compositions. The results show that the total solid, ash, crude protein, crude lipid, available carbohydrate and energy value are 12.32g/100cm3, 5.05%, 3.31%, 1.30%, 90.35% and 386.34kcal/100g dry weight respectively. The results of minerals content indicate that, the juice is a good source of both macro and micro elements with calcium as predominant. The 100 cm3 juice contained reasonable amount of pectin (2.10g), vitamin C (0.49g), glucose (0.21g) and sucrose (0.76g). Concentrations of hydrocyanic acid, nitrate, oxalate, and phytate are lower than the reference toxic standard level. The juice of the plant could have a potential nutritional uses

Acute and subchronic toxicity studies of kernel extract of Sclerocarya birrea in rats

Sclerocarya birrea fruits are widely eaten in developing countries especially in rural areas and serves as nutrients supplements. However, they also contain phyto-toxin which may affect the normal functioning of the body. Acute toxicity was performed by a single oral administration at a dose of 3000 mg/kg body weight. Sub chronic evaluation was done by oral feeding of the rats with the seed kernel extract daily at doses of 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. The results of acute toxicity showed no mortality and general behavior changes. The lethal dosage (LD50) was greater than 3000 mg/kg body weight. Rats fed with 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight of the extract showed increased body weights throughout the period of treatment but not significantly (p<0.05) different from the control group. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the body weights were noticed in those administered with 3000 and 4000 mg/kg body weightat the 4th and all the weeks respectively. Significant (p<0.05) increasedin serum total protein, albumin, bilirubin, transaminases, creatinine,urea, uric acid and electrolytes were observed in rats fed with 3000 to4000 mg/kg body weight of the extract, suggesting liver and kidneytoxicity. Therefore, the seed kernel extract of S. birrea may be relatively toxic at doses of 3000 and 4000 mg/kg body weight

Prenatal skull radiography and calvaria histogenesis in Uda and Yankasa breeds of sheep

The anterior fontanelle was opened and radiolucent in the second trimester; at the third trimester, the fontanelle began to shrink and finally closed at birth and became radiopaque. The borders of the orbit and the teeth were both radiolucent and undifferentiated at the second trimester and at the third trimester, and these regions became radiopaque at the second and third trimester, respectively. The histomorphology of the calvarium in the first-trimester foetus had three layers consisting of the mesenchymal and osteoblast cells; as the foetus ages within the second trimester, the mesenchymal cells were transformed into osteoblast, colonies, primitive bone spicules, matured bone spicules, and primitive trabeculae respective, in the third trimester, the primitive trabeculae developed into a matured trabeculae, in the day old, the matured trabeculae transforms into a primitive spongy bone. However, this process occurs earlier in Yankasa than in Uda. The histomorphology of the calvarium during foetal life is similar in the Uda and Yankasa. However, the stages of calvarium development occur earlier and faster in Yankasa than Uda of the same ages. This implies that foetal development and time of parturition could occur earlier in the Yankasa compared to the Uda breeds

An incidental finding of a unicornuate uterus with non-communicating rudimentary horn in a 30-year-old female with recurrent abortion

Unicornuate uterus is a form of uterine anomalies which arise from failure of development and fusion of the Mullerian ducts, and accounts for about 2.4-13% of all Mullerian anomalies. This is a 30-year-old housewife referred for hysterosalpingography (HSG) on account of secondary infertility. The patient also had history of recurrent abortion in the first trimester. The HSG showed an ellipsoidal or Banana shaped uterus in the left lateral pelvic cavity with prominent left fallopian tube that showed peri-fimbrial spillage of contrast medium with non-demonstration of a communicating rudimentary horn. She also had a pelvic ultrasound that showed an empty uterus with a right hypoechoic solid area most likely the right rudimentary horn. We report the radiologic features of Unicornuate uterus due to its rare nature and peculiar presentation

Using item response theory to explore the psychometric properties of extended matching questions examination in undergraduate medical education

BACKGROUND: As assessment has been shown to direct learning, it is critical that the examinations developed to test clinical competence in medical undergraduates are valid and reliable. The use of extended matching questions (EMQ) has been advocated to overcome some of the criticisms of using multiple-choice questions to test factual and applied knowledge. METHODS: We analysed the results from the Extended Matching Questions Examination taken by 4th year undergraduate medical students in the academic year 2001 to 2002. Rasch analysis was used to examine whether the set of questions used in the examination mapped on to a unidimensional scale, the degree of difficulty of questions within and between the various medical and surgical specialties and the pattern of responses within individual questions to assess the impact of the distractor options. RESULTS: Analysis of a subset of items and of the full examination demonstrated internal construct validity and the absence of bias on the majority of questions. Three main patterns of response selection were identified. CONCLUSION: Modern psychometric methods based upon the work of Rasch provide a useful approach to the calibration and analysis of EMQ undergraduate medical assessments. The approach allows for a formal test of the unidimensionality of the questions and thus the validity of the summed score. Given the metric calibration which follows fit to the model, it also allows for the establishment of items banks to facilitate continuity and equity in exam standards

Angioleiomyoma of the small intestine – a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Benign tumors are a rare cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage of which angioleiomyomas constitute a very small minority. They have been reported in literature to present with volvulus, bleeding or intussusceptions.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>An interesting case of a patient presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding from an underlying angioleiomyoma is discussed along with its management options.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Angioleiomyoma though rare can be managed successfully by surgical and/or minimally invasive endovascular procedures.</p

Rising burden of Hepatitis C Virus in hemodialysis patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>High prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been reported among the dialysis patients throughout the world. No serious efforts were taken to investigate HCV in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) treatment who are at great increased risk to HCV. HCV genotypes are important in the study of epidemiology, pathogenesis and reaction to antiviral therapy. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of active HCV infection, HCV genotypes and to assess risk factors associated with HCV genotype infection in HD patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as well as comparing this prevalence data with past studies in Pakistan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Polymerase chain reaction was performed for HCV RNA detection and genotyping in 384 HD patients. The data obtained was compared with available past studies from Pakistan.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Anti HCV antibodies were observed in 112 (29.2%), of whom 90 (80.4%) were HCV RNA positive. In rest of the anti HCV negative patients, HCV RNA was detected in 16 (5.9%) patients. The dominant HCV genotypes in HCV infected HD patients were found to be 3a (n = 36), 3b (n = 20), 1a (n = 16), 2a (n = 10), 2b (n = 2), 1b (n = 4), 4a (n = 2), untypeable (n = 10) and mixed (n = 12) genotype.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study suggesting that i) the prevalence of HCV does not differentiate between past and present infection and continued to be elevated ii) HD patients may be a risk for HCV due to the involvement of multiple routes of infections especially poor blood screening of transfused blood and low standard of dialysis procedures in Pakistan and iii) need to apply infection control practice.</p