20 research outputs found
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌ
ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Reconstitution of huPBL-NSG Mice with Donor-Matched Dendritic Cells Enables Antigen-Specific T-cell Activation
Humanized mouse models provide a unique opportunity to study human immune cells in vivo, but traditional models have been limited to the evaluation of non-specific T-cell interactions due to the absence of antigen-presenting cells. In this study, immunodeficient NOD/SCID/IL2r-Ξ³null (NSG) mice were engrafted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes alone or in combination with donor-matched monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) to determine whether antigen-specific T-cell activation could be reconstituted. Over a period of 3Β weeks, transferred peripheral blood lymphocytes reconstituted the spleen and peripheral blood of recipient mice with predominantly human CD45-positive lymphocytes. Animals exhibited a relatively normal CD4/CD8 ratio (average 1.63:1) as well as reconstitution of CD3/CD56 (averaging 17.8%) and CD20 subsets (averaging 4.0%). Animals reconstituted with donor-matched CD11c+ DC also demonstrated a CD11c+ population within their spleen, representing 0.27% to 0.43% of the recovered human cells with concurrent expression of HLA-DR, CD40, and CD86. When immunized with adenovirus, either as free replication-incompetent vector (AdV) or as vector-transduced DC (DC/AdV), there was activation and expansion of AdV-specific T-cells, an increase in Th1 cytokines in serum, and skewing of T-cells toward an effector/memory phenotype. T-cells recovered from animals challenged with AdV in vivo proliferated and secreted a Th1-profile of cytokines in response to DC/AdV challenge in vitro. Our results suggest that engrafting NSG mice with a combination of lymphocytes and donor-matched DC can reconstitute antigen responsiveness and allow the in vivo assessment of human immune response to viruses, vaccines, and other immune challenges
HLA-DRB1-DQB1 Haplotypes Confer Susceptibility and Resistance to Multiple Sclerosis in Sardinia
Introduction: Genetic predisposition to multiple sclerosis (MS) in Sardinia (Italy) has been associated with five DRB1*-DQB1* haplotypes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Given the complexity of these associations, an in-depth re-analysis was performed with the specific aims of confirming the haplotype associations; establishing the independence of the associated haplotypes; and assessing patients β genotypic risk of developing MS. Methods and Results: A transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) of the DRB1*-DQB1 * haplotypes in 943 trio families
Object manipulation and tool use in Nicobar long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis umbrosus)
This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Springer in International Journal of Primatology on 08/09/2020, available online: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10764-020-00141-y
The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.Object manipulation and tool use by non-human primates have received considerable
attention from primatologists and anthropologists, because of their broad implications
for understanding the evolution of tool use in humans. To date, however, most of the
studies on this topic have focused on apes, given their close evolutionary relationship
with humans. In contrast, fewer studies on tool use and object manipulation have been
conducted on monkeys. Documenting and studying object manipulation and tool use in
species that are more distantly related to humans can provide a broader perspective
on the evolutionary origins of this behaviour. We present a detailed description of toolaided behaviours and object manipulation by Nicobar long-tailed macaques ( Macaca
fascicularis umbrosus ) living along the coastlines of Great Nicobar Island. We made
observations from December 2018 to March 2019, using ad libitum and focal
sampling methods. We observed behaviours related to object manipulation and tool
use in six different behavioural contexts (foraging, hygiene, communication, play, selfdirected and self-hygiene behaviour) involving eight different types of objects, namely
resonance rod, play object, rolling platform, scraping tool, dental groom, pounding
substrate, leaves as grip pads and wipers, and stimulation tool. We observed that
males were involved in tool use and object manipulation more frequently than females.
Our results add to existing records of object manipulation, tool-use behaviour and tool
variants displayed by non-human primates, showing that Nicobar macaques perform
multiple and diverse tool-aided behaviours