318 research outputs found
Landscape composition and configuration affect the abundance of the olive moth (Prays oleae, Bernard) in olive groves
Landscape and crop management are important concepts for conservation biological control as they can influence
the abundance of natural enemies. In this work we accomplished a multi-scale study focused on the effect of
landscape structure and crop management on the olive moth, Prays oleae (Bernard), an important pest of the
olive tree (Olea europaea L.). The olive moth was collected in different olive groves managed under organic
farming and integrated production and surrounded by different landscape structures. Generalized additive mixed
models were used to analyze the response of the pest to (i) landscape composition and configuration indices, (ii)
the management system and (iii) pesticides applications at different scales. Results indicated that the landscape
composition, through the effect of the Simpson’s diversity index, negatively influenced P. oleae abundance and
that the effect was evident at larger scales. Also, the landscape configuration negatively affected P. oleae at larger
scales. However, neither the crop management system nor the pesticide applications affected P. oleae abundance.
This study emphasizes that the preservation or implementation of diverse and complex landscapes can contribute
to maintain lower population levels of P. oleae when compared with homogenous landscape areas.The authors are grateful to the Portuguese Foundation of Science
and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through the
projects EXCL/AGR-PRO/0591/2012 “Olive crop protection in sustainable
production under global climatic changes: linking ecological
infrastructures to ecosystem functions” and PTDC/ASP-PLA/30003/
2017 – “OLIVESIM - Managing ecosystem services in olive groves using
advanced landscape agent-based models” and CIMO (UIDB/00690/
2020). María Villa also thanks to Portuguese Foundation of Science and
Technology for the Postdoctoral fellowship SFRH/BPD/119487/2016.
The authors would like to thank to the farmers for allowing the access
to their olive groves.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Building a system of computational models to simulate natural pest control
A limitação natural de pragas é um serviço de ecossistema que deve ser promovido nos
sistemas agrícolas, já que pode ser usada como alternativa, ou complementarmente, à aplicação
de pesticidas. Consiste no consumo das pragas pelos seus inimigos naturais e pode ser
promovida através do estabelecimento de componentes paisagísticas que forneçam, a estes
inimigos das pragas, alimento alternativo e refúgio, para além da aplicação de práticas agrícolas
sustentáveis. No entanto, o delineamento de uma estratégia eficaz de limitação natural de
pragas está dependente da caracterização detalhada dos comportamentos dos animais que
fazem parte dessa cadeia trófica, nomeadamente, das pragas e dos seus predadores, o que pode
ser feito através de simulações computacionais. Neste contexto, e no âmbito do projeto
OLIVESIM, estamos a construir um sistema de modelos para simular a biologia e o
comportamento de duas espécies de artrópodes (1) a mosca-da-azeitona, Bactrocera oleae
(Rossi), praga chave da oliveira, e (2) a aranha de solo, Haplodrassus rufipes (Lucas), um dos
potenciais predadores da praga, e as suas interações com a paisagem selecionada para realizar
este estudo, localizada na região de Trás-os-Montes (Mirandela, Portugal) e caracterizada
fundamentalmente por olival tradicional. Para isso, está a ser utilizado o sistema ALMaSS
(Animal, Landscape and Man Simulation System), que recebe inputs diários de variáveis
climáticas e também de ações de gestão agrícola, e que é calibrado com dados sobre abundância
quantitativa e qualitativa de animais. Neste simpósio focamo-nos nestes dois modelos,
mostrando também o estado atual deste trabalho.Natural pest control is an ecosystem service that should be promoted in agricultural
systems, as it can be used as an alternative or complementary to pesticide application. It consists
in increasing the populations of natural pest enemies by establishing landscape components
that provide them with alternative food and refuge, and by applying sustainable agricultural
practices. However, the design of an effective strategy for natural pest control depends on the
detailed characterization of the behaviour of animals that are part of this trophic chain, namely
pests and their predators, which can be done through computational simulations. In this
context, and in the scope of project OLIVESIM, we are building a system of models to simulate
the biology and behaviours of two species (1) the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), key pest of
the olive tree, and (2) a ground spider, Haplodrassus rufipes (Lucas), one of the potential
predators of the pest, and their interactions with the landscape selected to carry out this study,
located in the region of Trás-os-Montes (Mirandela, Portugal) and characterized primarily by
traditional olive groves. For this, the ALMaSS (Animal, Landscape and Man Simulation System)
system is being used, which receives daily inputs of climatic variables and agricultural
management actions, and which is calibrated with data on quantitative and qualitative
abundance of animals. In this symposium, we focus on the models for these two animal species,
showing the current state of this work.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus species in sugarcane fields in the state of Alagoas, Brazil
Bioactivity of the organic extracts of Annona vepretorum on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Aplicação do processo de enfermagem baseado na teoria de OREM: estudo de caso com uma adolescente grávida
Intervalo hídrico ótimo no monitoramento da compactação e da qualidade física de um latossolo vermelho cultivado com soja
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