Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Edelweis (Anaphalis SPP) Pada Jalur Pendakian Cemoro Kandang Gunung Lawu, Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah

The purpose this study was to determine the diversity of edelweiss around the Cemoro Kandang hiking trail, Mount Lawu, Karanganyar, Central Java. This research was carried out in September 2019 and the place of implementation is at post 3 to the top of the Cemoro Kandang hiking trail. The population in this research were all Edelweiss plants found on the Cemoro Kandang hiking trail and the sample of this research was Edelweiss plants on the belt transect made by the researcher. Determination of the sampling location was determined using an exploratory descriptive method by exploring and the sampling technique was determined by purposive sampling. The sampling technique was carried out based on the presence of plants representing the sampling area along the Cemoro Kandang hiking trail at an altitude of 2819m above sea level to 3265m above sea level. The results showed that 2 species of Edelweiss were found, namely Anaphalis javanica and Anaphalis longifolia. The type of Edelweiss that has the highest Important Value Index is Anaphalis javanica (181,81%) and the lowest is Anaphalis longifolia (19.19%). Edelweiss plant diversity index value is low (0.0023). The distribution of Edelweiss on the Cemoro Kandang Climbing Route is clustered

Hubungan Konformitas Dengan Perilaku Cyberbullying pada Remaja di Media Sosial Instagram

Social media especially instagram has increased amount of users from year to year. In addition to have positive impact, the negative impact is quite large, one of which is in the problem of cyberbullying behavior. This research aims to 1) determine the relationship between conformity with cyberbullying behavior in adolescent on instagram social media, 2) determine the role of conformity to cyberbullying behavior in adolescent on instagram social media, 3) knowing the level of conformity and cyberbullying behavior in adolescent on instagram social media. The subject in this research is 203 adolescent 15-21 years old, active instagram users, and live in Karesidenan Surakarta area. The research method uses a quantitative approach. The data collection tool uses a Likert model with the conformity scale and the cyberbullying behavior scale. The analysis technique used is Pearson's Product Moment. Based on data analysis, it can be know the correlation coefficient of r = 0.000 with p = 0.49 (p> 0.05) which indicates there is no significant correlation between conformity and cyberbullying behavior. This means that the proposed hypothesis is not proven or rejected, so it can be concluded that that the conformity has no effect on the level of cyberbullying 2 behavior, but there are still other factors that may be more dominant in influencing cyberbullying behavior

Understanding patient-provider communication entered via a patient portal system

ABSTRACT Our study examines patient-provider communication via a patient portal in a large medical center. Our study is based on 1172 interactions made among stakeholders concerning 100 patients who are randomly selected from the 2009 MyHealthAtVanderbilt.com (a patient portal at the Vanderbilt Medical Center) patient pool; among which, 35 use the patient portal for messages. The findings show a wide range of topics discussed and ways in which patients provide and seek information as well as express psychosocial and emotional needs. In addition, while the patient portal has advantages over traditional communication technologies, it was not the primary communication media for our study sample. More research is needed to better elucidate barriers to the use of patient portals and the optimal methods of communication in differing contexts

Neutrophils in cancer: neutral no more

Neutrophils are indispensable antagonists of microbial infection and facilitators of wound healing. In the cancer setting, a newfound appreciation for neutrophils has come into view. The traditionally held belief that neutrophils are inert bystanders is being challenged by the recent literature. Emerging evidence indicates that tumours manipulate neutrophils, sometimes early in their differentiation process, to create diverse phenotypic and functional polarization states able to alter tumour behaviour. In this Review, we discuss the involvement of neutrophils in cancer initiation and progression, and their potential as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets

Towards the clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics in bipolar disorder.

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric illness defined by pathological alterations between the mood states of mania and depression, causing disability, imposing healthcare costs and elevating the risk of suicide. Although effective treatments for BD exist, variability in outcomes leads to a large number of treatment failures, typically followed by a trial and error process of medication switches that can take years. Pharmacogenetic testing (PGT), by tailoring drug choice to an individual, may personalize and expedite treatment so as to identify more rapidly medications well suited to individual BD patients.DiscussionA number of associations have been made in BD between medication response phenotypes and specific genetic markers. However, to date clinical adoption of PGT has been limited, often citing questions that must be answered before it can be widely utilized. These include: What are the requirements of supporting evidence? How large is a clinically relevant effect? What degree of specificity and sensitivity are required? Does a given marker influence decision making and have clinical utility? In many cases, the answers to these questions remain unknown, and ultimately, the question of whether PGT is valid and useful must be determined empirically. Towards this aim, we have reviewed the literature and selected drug-genotype associations with the strongest evidence for utility in BD.SummaryBased upon these findings, we propose a preliminary panel for use in PGT, and a method by which the results of a PGT panel can be integrated for clinical interpretation. Finally, we argue that based on the sufficiency of accumulated evidence, PGT implementation studies are now warranted. We propose and discuss the design for a randomized clinical trial to test the use of PGT in the treatment of BD

Adaptation of a Smoking Cessation and Prevention Website for Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Youth

Tobacco use among American Indian youth is a disproportionately significant problem. We adapted and modified an existing web-based and youth-focused tobacco control program to make it appropriate for young urban American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). The results of the focus group indicate that AI/AN youth were very receptive to the use of a web-based Zine-style intervention tool. They wanted the look and feel of the website to be more oriented toward their cultural images. Future research should examine if successful programs for reducing non-ceremonial tobacco use among urban AI/AN youth can keep young irregular smokers from becoming adult smokers

Childhood asthma and indoor allergens in Native Americans in New York

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between childhood asthma and potential risk factors, especially exposure to indoor allergens, in a Native American population. METHODS: A case-control study of St. Regis Mohawk tribe children ages 2–14 years, 25 diagnosed with asthma and 25 controls was conducted. Exposure was assessed based on a personal interview and measurement of mite and cat allergens (Der p 1, Fel d 1) in indoor dust. RESULTS: A non-significant increased risk of childhood asthma was associated with self-reported family history of asthma, childhood environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and air pollution. There was a significant protective effect of breastfeeding against current asthma in children less than 14 years (5.2 fold lower risk). About 80% of dust mite and 15% of cat allergen samples were above the threshold values for sensitization of 2 and 1 μg/g, respectively. The association between current asthma and exposure to dust mite and cat allergens was positive but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This research identified several potential indoor and outdoor risk factors for asthma in Mohawks homes, of which avoidance may reduce or delay the development of asthma in susceptible individuals

A systematic review of the role of vitamin insufficiencies and supplementation in COPD

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pulmonary inflammation, oxidants-antioxidants imbalance, as well as innate and adaptive immunity have been proposed as playing a key role in the development of COPD. The role of vitamins, as assessed either by food frequency questionnaires or measured in serum levels, have been reported to improve pulmonary function, reduce exacerbations and improve symptoms. Vitamin supplements have therefore been proposed to be a potentially useful additive to COPD therapy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic literature review was performed on the association of vitamins and COPD. The role of vitamin supplements in COPD was then evaluated.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results of this review showed that various vitamins (vitamin C, D, E, A, beta and alpha carotene) are associated with improvement in features of COPD such as symptoms, exacerbations and pulmonary function. High vitamin intake would probably reduce the annual decline of FEV1. There were no studies that showed benefit from vitamin supplementation in improved symptoms, decreased hospitalization or pulmonary function.</p

Finding the engram.

Many attempts have been made to localize the physical trace of a memory, or engram, in the brain. However, until recently, engrams have remained largely elusive. In this Review, we develop four defining criteria that enable us to critically assess the recent progress that has been made towards finding the engram. Recent \u27capture\u27 studies use novel approaches to tag populations of neurons that are active during memory encoding, thereby allowing these engram-associated neurons to be manipulated at later times. We propose that findings from these capture studies represent considerable progress in allowing us to observe, erase and express the engram