Interest Rate Changes and Commercial Bank Revenues and Costs

This paper estimates statistical cost. and revenue curves for a cross-section of banks in the years 1962-75. The primary data cover reported accounting or book rates of return. Approximations are also made to estimate economic or total returns. These approximations take into account changes in capital values during the year as a result of movements in interest rates measured by market yields of government securities of the proper duration. Book rates of return and costs adjust towards each other so that marginal rates received or paid for different activities tend to equalize. On the other hand, the rates of adjustment are slow. While movements in the cost of demand and time deposits correlate well with changes in market rates, not all of the advantages of interest rate ceilings are given up to depositors. Movements in interest rates cause sharp fluctuations in total returns. These movements are sharp enough so that in several years economic losses occurred rather than reported book profits. Furthermore, over this period the net economic returns of classes of assets were poorly correlated with their risks (their variance of returns).

Comparative chromatography of chloroplast pigment

Methods for isolation of low concentration pigments of the cocklebur species are described. The methods entail two step chromatography so that the different sorption properties of the various pigments in varying column parameters can be utilized. Columnar and thin layer methods are compared. Many conditions influence separability of the chloroplasts

Family Involvement, Clinician Beliefs and Child Psychiatric Rehospitalization

Psychiatric rehospitalization is estimated to fall between 30% and 50% among children and adolescents and is said to be the result of complex relationships between clinical and non-clinical child, family and service system factors. Psychiatric rehospitalization has been noted as an unfavorable outcome of inpatient treatment because of the associated economic to society and the family and emotional costs to the family and patient. Therefore, several attempts have been made in the relevant literature to identify and understand factors that will reduce the risk of rehospitalization in this population. In the context of parent professional collaboration, clinician beliefs and family involvement have been indicated as important aspects of treatment among children and youth. To better understand how clinician beliefs and family involvement in treatment influence psychiatric rehospitalization, a prospective study was conducted across four phases on the child and adolescent inpatient units at a large psychiatric facility in Southern California. Data was collected from parents (N=167) of hospitalized children (ages 8-13) and adolescents (ages 14-17) and from a multidisciplinary psychiatric clinical team (N=27). Study findings indicated that neither clinician beliefs nor parent participation in inpatient activities significantly predicted psychiatric rehospitalization. Parent perceptions of empowering behaviors on the part of clinicians, previous hospitalization and psychosocial risk significantly predicted psychiatric rehospitalization. Clinician beliefs did not moderate the relationship between empowering clinician behaviors and psychiatric rehospitalization. Additionally, nearly one-quarter of the children were rehospitalized within 90 days of discharge. Most of the children rehospitalized within the intervening period, were previously hospitalized, had 1 to 2 psychosocial risk factors, longer lengths of stay and were diagnosed with an internalizing disorder. The findings presented may be used to inform research, practice and policies aimed at improving mental health outcomes for children and adolescents with severe emotional and behavioral disorders

Reviews of

Antibiotic Switch therapy is defined by the switch of intravenous antibiotic therapy to oral form. This research aimed to learn about the relationship of switch therapy toward the value of wound healing, lenght of stay and the antibiotic expenditure. The data of this cross sectional study was collected from medical record and by direct investigation to patients for their macroscopis the wound healings value. T-test was used to compared the relationship of the patient wound healings value, lenght of stay and the antibiotic expenditure between the those with and accurate switch therapy and those without it. The result showed that there was no different of wound healing value between those groups of patients (P>0,1). On the other hand, lenght of stay and antibiotic expenditure of the patient with the accurate switch therapy was cuted on the patient with the accurate switch therapy. These indicated that accuracy of switch therapy will proceed a benefit outcome to the patient with appendicitis, especially to there lenght of stay and antibiotic expenditure as well