101 research outputs found
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The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal: Reply
In reply to the critiques of Professor Hillinger and Lapham on Amartya Sen's original article.Economic
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The Discipline of Cost‐Benefit Analysis
Cost‐benefit analysis is a general discipline, based on the use of some foundational principles, which are not altogether controversial, but have nevertheless considered plausibility. Divisiveness increases as various additional requirements are imposed. There is a trade‐off here between easier usability (through locked‐up formulae) and more general acceptability (through allowing parametric variations). The paper examines and scrutinizes the merits and demerits of these additional requirements. The particular variant of cost‐benefit approach that is most commonly used now is, in fact, extraordinarily limited, because of its insistence on doing the valuation entirely through an analogy with the market mechanism. This admits only a narrow class of values, and demands that individuals be unconcerned about many substantial variations, ignored in the procedure of market valuation. The use, instead, of a general social choice approach can allow greater freedom of valuation and can also accommodate more informational inputs.Economic
Las teorías del desarrollo a principios del siglo xxi
Este articulo revisa el estado actual de de las teorías de desarrollo teniendo en cuenta la experiencia histórica y la evolución interna de la teoría desde finales de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Aunque la comprensión del desarrollo ha mejorado, se han hecho generalizaciones indebidas y extraído lecciones infundadas. Sen rechaza la oposición entre el Estado y mercado y entre planificación y rentabilidad, y pone de relieve las diferencias entre dos visiones ideales y extremas del desarrollo: la concepción BLAST, que lo considera como un proceso cruel, de 'sangre, sudor y lagrimas', y la concepción GALA, que lo considera amigable y cooperativo. Critica la idea de que la supresión de los derechos humanos y otros 'sacrificios' son necesarios en las primeras etapas de desarrollo. Muestra que el concepto de capital humano es un avance teórico y practico, pero aún insuficiente puesto que concibe al ser humano como mero instrumento y no como fin en si mismo. Y propone una visión mas profunda que acepta la importancia de la capacidad de la población para valorar, elegir y actuar libremente; así combinando la acción del Estado, la función del mercado y el papel de las organizaciones comunitarias, el desarrollo debe proporcionar a todas la población las oportunidades necesarias para vivir dignamente y ejercer una plena libertad.This article reviews the current state of development theory taking into account the historical experience and internal evolution of the theory since the end of the Second World War. Although understanding of development has improved, undue generalizations have been made and unfounded lessons have been extracted. Sen rejects the opposi tion between state and market and between planning and profitability, and emphasizes the differences between two ideal and extreme visions of development: the BLAST concepti, which he considers to be a cruel process of 'blood, sweat and tears', and the GALA concept, which he considers friendly and coopera tive. He critiques the idea that the suppression of human rights and other 'sacrifices' are necessary in the first stages of development. He demonstrates that the concept of human capital is a theoretical and practical advance, but still insufficient since it conceives of the human being as a mere instrument and not as an end in itself. He proposes a more profound vision which accepts the importance of the capability of the population to value, choose, and act freely; thus, combining the action of the sta te, the functioning of the market, and the role of community organizations, development should provide to the entire population the opportunities necessary to live with dignity and exercise full freedom
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The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal
The purpose of this paper is to present an impossibility result that seems to have some disturbing consequences for principles of social choice. A common objection to the method of majority decision is that it is illiberal. The argument takes the following form: Given other things in the society, if you prefer to have pink walls rather than white, then society should permit you to have this, even if a majority of the community would like to see your walls white. Similarly, whether you should sleep on your back or on your belly is a matter in which the society should permit you absolute freedom, even if a majority of the community is nosey enough to feel that you must sleep on your back. We formalize this concept of individual liberty in an extremely weak form and examine its consequences.Economic
La dimensione etica nelle società contemporanee
L'interesse per le valenze etiche è accresciuto dalla delusione per i limiti del progresso tecnologico e dall'estensione delle responsabilità individuali e collettive. Agli scritti dei due primi vincitori del Premio Senatore Giovanni Agnelli per la dimensione etica, Berlin e Sen, si affiancano quelli di tre grandi filosofi italiani, Mathieu, Vattimo e Veca.- Indice #4- Sulla ricerca dell’Ideale, Isaiah Berlin #8- La libertà individuale come impegno sociale, Amartya Kumar Sen #26- Bioetica in cammino, Vittorio Mathieu #47- Individuo e istituzioni: una prospettiva ermeneutica, Gianni Vattimo #85- Alcune osservazioni su etica e ambiente, Salvatore Veca #11
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