Paternità impreviste. Padri omosessuali e relazione con i servizi educativi e la scuola

Within an increasingly open and composite scenario of practices and representations of paternity, the article is focused on the ways couples of homosexual fathers experience their relationship with the educational services attended by their children. The contribution, based on the qualitative data of the Family Lives research, explores in particular the ways in which a men’s couple with children represents a sort of “double unexpected phenomenon” from a symbolic point of view for the professionals working in educational services and its possible consequences. On the one hand, these couples represent an unforeseen family pattern as far as concerns the parental bond between two fathers and their children, a bond that at this time in Italy does not enjoy legal recognition or a collectively shared and accepted morphology; on the other hand, the unexpected dimension refers to the disruption of a set of expectations and implicit beliefs about gender roles that shades light on the lack of acquaintance of early childhood professionals with the idea of a male figure as a primary caregiver. The research is based on the analysis of ten gay fathers’ narrative interviews. All the fathers have children attending child care or preschool in Italy. The results highlight the main critical issues experienced by the parents as they enter the educational settings and involving, more in general, their relationship with school staff and other actors in the context: the role of cultural models centered on the mother figure and the maternal symbolic sphere in the professionals’ and in the other parents’ attitudes and practices; the pressure experienced by fathers to become visible as “very good parents”, and to actively invest in their children’s and their family’s social inclusion; the tendency to self-attribute the task of supporting, in different ways, the educational staff in knowing, understanding, and putting into act inclusive approaches to family diversity

Paternit\ue0 impreviste. Padri omosessuali e relazioni con i servizi educativi e la scuola.

Within an increasingly open and composite scenario of practices and representations of paternity, the article is focused on the ways couples of homosexual fathers experience their relationship with the educational services attended by their children. The contribution, based on the qualitative data of the Family Lives research, explores in particular the ways in which a men\u2019s couple with children represents a sort of \u201cdouble unexpected phenomenon\u201d from a symbolic point of view for the professionals working in educational services and its possible consequences. On the one hand, these couples represent an unforeseen family pattern as far as concerns the parental bond between two fathers and their children, a bond that at this time in Italy does not enjoy legal recognition or a collectively shared and accepted morphology; on the other hand, the unexpected dimension refers to the disruption of a set of expectations and implicit beliefs about gender roles that shades light on the lack of acquaintance of early childhood professionals with the idea of a male figure as a primary caregiver. The research is based on the analysis of ten gay fathers\u2019 narrative interviews. All the fathers have children attending child care or preschool in Italy. The results highlight the main critical issues experienced by the parents as they enter the educational settings and involving, more in general, their relationship with school staff and other actors in the context: the role of cultural models centered on the mother figure and the maternal symbolic sphere in the professionals\u2019 and in the other parents\u2019 attitudes and practices; the pressure experienced by fathers to become visible as \u201cvery good parents\u201d, and to actively invest in their children\u2019s and their family\u2019s social inclusion; the tendency to self-attribute the task of supporting, in different ways, the educational staff in knowing, understanding, and putting into act inclusive approaches to family diversity

Changes in ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics during the early phase of sepsis: a prospective, experimental study in the rat

Abstract Background Sepsis is characterized by the loss of the perm-selectivity properties of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) with consequent albuminuria. We examined whether the pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of ceftriaxone (CTX), an extensively protein-bound 3rd generation cephalosporin, is altered during early sepsis and whether an increase in urinary loss of bound-CTX, due to GFB alteration, can occur in this condition. Methods A prospective, experimental, randomized study was carried out in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Rats were divided into two groups: Sham-operated and CLP. CTX (100 mg i.p., equivalent to 1 g dose in humans) was administered in order to measure plasma and lung CTX concentrations at several time-points: baseline and 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after administration. CTX was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The morphological status of the sialic components of the GFB barrier was assessed by lectin histo-chemistry. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to calculate the probability of target attainment (PTA >90%) for 80 and 100% of Tfree > minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 80 and 100% of dosing interval. Measurements and main results After CLP, sepsis developed in rats as documented by the growth of polymicrobial flora in the peritoneal fluid (≤1 × 101 CFU in sham rats vs 5 × 104–1 × 105 CFU in CLP rats). CTX plasma concentrations were higher in CLP than in sham rats at 2 and 4 h after administration (difference at 2 h was 47.3, p = 0.012; difference at 4 h was 24.94, p = 0.004), while lung penetration tended to be lower. An increased urinary elimination of protein-bound CTX occurred (553 ± 689 vs 149 ± 128 mg/L, p < 0.05; % of bound/total CTX 22 ± 6 in septic rats vs 11 ± 4 in sham rats, p < 0.01) and it was associated with loss of the GFB sialic components. According to Monte Carlo simulation a PTA > 90% for 100% of the dosing interval was reached neither for sham nor CLP rats using MIC = 1 mg/L, the clinical breakpoint for Enterobacteriacee. Conclusions Sepsis causes changes in the PK of CTX and an alteration in the sialic components of the GFB, with consequent loss of protein-bound CTX. Among factors that can affect drug pharmacokinetics during the early phases of sepsis, urinary loss of both free and albumin–bound antimicrobials should be considered

Sialic acids and hyaluronan expression in the renal tubulointerstitial space of rat in an experimental sepsis model

Sialic acids and hyaluronan play important roles in maintaining structure and functionality of the kidney tubulointerstitial space. In several investigations, performed on some renal pathologies, morpho-functional changes of the tubulointerstitial space showed correlation with altered expression of these anionic components; no data are available on the expression of these molecules in this space during sepsis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of sialic acids and hyaluronan in the renal tubulointerstitial space in the early stages of an experimental animal model of polymicrobial sepsis. Experiments were performed on adult male rats assigned to two groups: 1) sham-operated (n=20); 2) Caecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP) (clinically model of polymicrobial infection that mimics human sepsis) (n=25). The groups were divided into 3 subgroups related to 3 time points after CLP or sham-operated: t1=0 h, t2=3 h and t3=7 h. For evidence of sepsis TNF-α plasma level was measured and microbiology of peritoneal fluid was examined with bacteriologic techniques. Urinary protein levels were measured to test the renal functional damage. Kidney samples of each group were processed to analyse the morphology, sialic acids expression, by using lectin histochemistry, and hyaluronan expression, by using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that plasma TNF-α level significantly increased after CLP induction when compared to sham-operated animals. Bacteriologic techniques revealed a polymicrobial infection after CLP. The proteinuria was significantly increased in CLP group. Morphological changes, such as edema and epithelial lesions, were observed in the tubulointerstitium space in CLP group. Lectin histochemistry showed decrease of sialic acids in the tubular wall of septic rats with respect to the control ones. The largest amount of acetylated sialic acid was evidenced in the sepsis group. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated hyaluronan presence only in the medullary interstitium in the control group; in the septic rats hyaluronan appeared also in the cortical interstitium and tubular wall. The findings indicate the existence of a correlation between sialic acids and hyaluronan altered expression and morpho-functional changes in the kidney tubulointerstitial space during sepsis. In addition, an important role of these anionic molecules in protection/ defence and repairing processes may be suggested

From protection to inclusion : Identifying the Challenges

This report has been developed in the context of the project BRIGHTER FUTURE: Innovative tools for developing full potential after early adversity, whose working team consists of the following entities: Comune di Torino (Italy), CORA (Spain), PAC UK/ Family Action (United Kingdom), Pharos Expertise Center on Health Disparities (Netherlands), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), Università di Verona (Italy), University of Groningen (Netherlands). This report aims to identify and raise awareness about the specific challenges children face in school environments so that those challenges can be appropriately addressed. To that end, the team of the Erasmus+ project "BRIGHTER FUTURE: Innovative tools for developing full potential after early adversity" has contrasted what it is known from research with the experiences of stakeholders: youth who were under state guardianship in their childhood, adoptive and foster families, social workers who work in the child protection system, NGOs that work with families and unaccompanied migrant children, and teachers

De la protección a la inclusión : las personas con experiencias de adopción, acogimiento familiar y residencial en los centros educativos

Este manual ha sido desarrollado en el contexto del proyecto "BRIGTHER FUTURE: Innovative tools for developing full potential after early adversity", financiado por el Programa Erasmus+ de la Comisión Europea y cuyo equipo de trabajo está integrado por las siguientes entidades: Comune di Torino (Italia); CORA (España); PAC UK/ Family Action (Reino Unido); Pharos Expertise Center on Health Disparities (Holanda); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (España); Università di Verona (Italia); University of Groningen (Holanda).Comprender las diferentes trayectorias de vida y situaciones familiares es clave para maestras, maestros, educadoras y educadores cuando los niñas y niños que viven en acogimiento (incluidos las y los migrantes no acompañadas) y las niñas y niños adoptadas. Este manual proporciona información y herramientas útiles para hacer de la escuela un lugar seguro para todas las niñas y niños, independientemente de su situación familiar

Be social, be agile: team engagement with Redmine

System engineering and project-team management are essential tools to ensure the project success and the Redmine is a valuable platform for the work organization and for a system engineered approach. We review in this work the management needs related to our project, and suggest the possibility that they fit to many research activities with a similar scenario: small team, technical difficulties (or unknowns), intense activity sprints and long pauses due to external schedule management, a large degree of shared leadership. We will then present our implementation with the Redmine, showing that the use of the platform resulted in a strong engagement and commitment of the team. The explicit goal of this work is also to rise, at least internally, the awareness about team needs and available organizational tools and methods; and to highlight a shareable approach to team management and small scale system engineering

Adherence to antibiotic treatment guidelines and outcomes in the hospitalized elderly with different types of pneumonia

Background: Few studies evaluated the clinical outcomes of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) and Health Care-Associated Pneumonia (HCAP) in relation to the adherence of antibiotic treatment to the guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS) in hospitalized elderly people (65 years or older). Methods: Data were obtained from REPOSI, a prospective registry held in 87 Italian internal medicine and geriatric wards. Patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia (ICD-9 480-487) or prescribed with an antibiotic for pneumonia as indication were selected. The empirical antibiotic regimen was defined to be adherent to guidelines if concordant with the treatment regimens recommended by IDSA/ATS for CAP, HAP, and HCAP. Outcomes were assessed by logistic regression models. Results: A diagnosis of pneumonia was made in 317 patients. Only 38.8% of them received an empirical antibiotic regimen that was adherent to guidelines. However, no significant association was found between adherence to guidelines and outcomes. Having HAP, older age, and higher CIRS severity index were the main factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: The adherence to antibiotic treatment guidelines was poor, particularly for HAP and HCAP, suggesting the need for more adherence to the optimal management of antibiotics in the elderly with pneumonia

Neutralizing antibodies to Omicron after the fourth SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose in immunocompromised patients highlight the need of additional boosters

IntroductionImmunocompromised patients have been shown to have an impaired immune response to COVID-19 vaccines.MethodsHere we compared the B-cell, T-cell and neutralizing antibody response to WT and Omicron BA.2 SARS-CoV-2 virus after the fourth dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with hematological malignancies (HM, n=71), solid tumors (ST, n=39) and immune-rheumatological (IR, n=25) diseases. The humoral and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were analyzed by quantifying the anti-RBD antibodies, their neutralization activity and the IFN-γ released after spike specific stimulation.ResultsWe show that the T-cell response is similarly boosted by the fourth dose across the different subgroups, while the antibody response is improved only in patients not receiving B-cell targeted therapies, independent on the pathology. However, 9% of patients with anti-RBD antibodies did not have neutralizing antibodies to either virus variants, while an additional 5.7% did not have neutralizing antibodies to Omicron BA.2, making these patients particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The increment of neutralizing antibodies was very similar towards Omicron BA.2 and WT virus after the third or fourth dose of vaccine, suggesting that there is no preferential skewing towards either virus variant with the booster dose. The only limited step is the amount of antibodies that are elicited after vaccination, thus increasing the probability of developing neutralizing antibodies to both variants of virus.DiscussionThese data support the recommendation of additional booster doses in frail patients to enhance the development of a B-cell response directed against Omicron and/or to enhance the T-cell response in patients treated with anti-CD20