Physiological quality of soybean seeds of cultivars submitted to harvesting delay and its association with seedling emergence in the field

With the aim of studying the relationship between the physiological quality of soybean seeds submitted to three harvest times and seedling emergence in the field, seeds of cultivars UFV-16, Splendor, Vencedora, Confiança, UFV-18, UFV-TN 105, Garantia and Celeste were harvested at stages R8, R8+15 and R8+30 days. The following tests were performed: accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, emergence in sand, emergence speed index and seedling emergence in the field. Germination and vigor were reduced in seeds harvested at 30 days after stage R8 in all the tests, except for the accelerated aging test, which showed a decline in vigor seeds harvested with a delay of 15 days. Seeds of cultivars UFV-16, Confiança and Garantia showed lower physiological quality in most tests, while the seeds of cultivar Celeste had higher physiological quality than the others. There was similarity between the test results of seed quality and seedling emergence in the field

Discrimination of soybean seed lots by multivariate exploratory techniques

Physiological potential characterization of seed lots is usually performed by germination and vigor tests; however, the choice of a single test does not reflect such potential, once each test assesses seeds of differentiated mode. Multivariate techniques allow understanding structural dependence contained in each variable, as well as characterize groups of seed lots according to specific standards. The study aimed at evaluating variability among soybean seed lots and discriminate these lots by multivariate exploratory techniques as function of seed vigor. Experiment was performed with 20 soybean seed lots (10 lots cv. BRS Valiosa RR and 10 lots cv. M-SOY 7908 RR). Seed physiological potential was assessed by testing for: germination (standard, and under different water availability); vigor (accelerated aging and electrical conductivity); and field seedling emergence. Cluster analysis of seed lots, as well as Principal Component Analysis was performed using data obtained on all tests. Multivariate techniques allowed stratifying seed lots into two distinct groups. Principal Component Analysis showed that values obtained for variables: field seedling emergence, accelerated aging, and germination under different water availability were linked to BRS Valiosa RR; while to variables germination and electrical conductivity, were linked to M-SOY 7908 RR.A caracterização do potencial fisiológico de lotes de sementes geralmente é feita por meio dos testes de germinação e vigor; entretanto, a escolha de um único teste não reflete este potencial, pois cada teste avalia as sementes de um modo diferenciado. Técnicas multivariadas permitem compreender a dependência estrutural, contida nas variáveis, bem como caracterizar grupos de lotes de sementes segundo padrões específicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi explorar a variabilidade entre lotes de sementes de soja e discriminar estes lotes, em função do potencial fisiológico das sementes, por meio de técnicas exploratórias multivariadas. O experimento foi realizado com 20 lotes de sementes de soja (10 lotes cv. BRS Valiosa RR e 10 lotes cv. M-SOY 7908 RR). O potencial fisiológico das sementes foi avaliado pelos testes de: germinação (padrão, e sob diferentes níveis de disponibilidade hídrica); vigor (envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica) e emergência de plântulas no campo. Utilizando os dados obtidos nesses testes foi feita a análise de agrupamento dos lotes de sementes, bem como de seus principais componentes. As técnicas multivariadas permitiram a estratificação dos lotes de sementes em dois grupos distintos. A Análise de Componentes Principais mostrou que as variáveis: emergência das plântulas no campo; envelhecimento acelerado; e germinação sob diferentes níveis de disponibilidade hídrica estão mais associadas ao cv. BRS Valiosa RR, enquanto que para as variáveis germinação e condutividade elétrica, associaram-se ao cv. M-SOY 7908 RR.UNESP Departamento de Produção VegetalUNESP Departamento de Ciências ExatasUNESP Departamento de Solos e AdubosUNESP Departamento de Produção VegetalUNESP Departamento de Ciências ExatasUNESP Departamento de Solos e Adubo

Electrical conductivity of different common bean seeds genotypes

The electrical conductivity test is a fast and non-subjective method used to assess seed physiological potential. Thus, the objective of this study was adapting the methodology for conducting the electrical conductivity test in common bean seeds and investigate effects of genotype in results of the test, comparing cultivars of the two trade groups: Carioca and Black. The study was conducted in two phases: 1- tests with combinations of different temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) and five different inhibition periods (4, 8, 16, 20 and 24 h); and 2- assessment of influence of genotype by comparing results obtained on the seeds of both groups. Tests of accelerated aging and seedling emergence in field were also performed. It was concluded that, for seeds of common beans, electrical conductivity test may be performed with samples of 50 seeds per replication, soaked into 75 mL deionized water, incubated at 25 °C, and performing reading of results after 20 or 24 h. It was also concluded that test efficiency is variable according to genotype, and that for the trade group Carioca, there is not genotype effect; although the same results have not occurred for results obtained for the trade group Black