585 research outputs found
Analytical solution of two-layer beam taking into account interlayer slip and shear deformation
A mathematical model is proposed and its analytical solution derived for the analysis of the geometrically and materially linear two-layer beams with different material and geometric characteristics of an individual layer. The model takes into account the effect of the transverse shear deformation on displacements in each layer. The analytical study is carried out to evaluate the influence of the transverse shear deformation on the static and kinematic quantities. We study a simply supported two-layer planar beam subjected to the uniformly distributed load. Parametric studies have been performed to investigate the influence of shear by varying material and geometric parameters, such as interlayer slip modulus (K), flexural-to-shear moduli ratios (E/G) and span-to-depth ratios (L/h). The comparison of the results for vertical deflections shows that shear deformations are more important for high slip modulus, for ``short'' beams with small L/h ratios, and beams with high E/G ratios. In these cases, the effect of the shear deformations becomes significant and has to be addressed in design. It also becomes apparent that models, which consider the partial interaction between the layers, should be employed if beams have very flexible connections
Patterns in Olmec monument mutilation at La Venta and San Lorenzo
Thesis (B.A.) in Liberal Arts and Sciences -- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1988.Bibliography: leaves 34-35.Microfiche of typescript. [Urbana, Ill.]: Photographic Services, University of Illinois, U of I Library, [1988]. 2 microfiches (42 frames): negative
Marginal deformations in string field theory
We describe a method for obtaining analytic solutions corresponding to exact
marginal deformations in open bosonic string field theory. For the photon
marginal deformation we have an explicit analytic solution to all orders. Our
construction is based on a pure gauge solution where the gauge field is not in
the Hilbert space. We show that the solution itself is nevertheless perfectly
regular. We study its gauge transformations and calculate some coefficients
explicitly. Finally, we discuss how our method can be implemented for other
marginal deformations.Comment: 23 pages. v2: Some paragraphs improved, typos corrected, ref adde
Boundary State from Ellwood Invariants
Boundary states are given by appropriate linear combinations of Ishibashi
states. Starting from any OSFT solution and assuming Ellwood conjecture we show
that every coefficient of such a linear combination is given by an Ellwood
invariant, computed in a slightly modified theory where it does not trivially
vanish by the on-shell condition. Unlike the previous construction of
Kiermaier, Okawa and Zwiebach, ours is linear in the string field, it is
manifestly gauge invariant and it is also suitable for solutions known only
numerically. The correct boundary state is readily reproduced in the case of
known analytic solutions and, as an example, we compute the energy momentum
tensor of the rolling tachyon from the generalized invariants of the
corresponding solution. We also compute the energy density profile of
Siegel-gauge multiple lump solutions and show that, as the level increases, it
correctly approaches a sum of delta functions. This provides a gauge invariant
way of computing the separations between the lower dimensional D-branes.Comment: v2: 63 pages, 14 figures. Major improvements in section 2. Version
published in JHE
Level truncation analysis of exact solutions in open string field theory
We evaluate vacuum energy density of Schnabl's solution using the level
truncation calculation and the total action including interaction terms. The
level truncated solution provides vacuum energy density expected both for
tachyon vacuum and trivial pure gauge. We discuss the role of the phantom term
to reproduce correct vacuum energy.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures,v2: 1 figure replace
On the validity of the solution of string field theory
We analyze the realm of validity of the recently found tachyon solution of
cubic string field theory. We find that the equation of motion holds in a non
trivial way when this solution is contracted with itself. This calculation is
needed to conclude the proof of Sen's first conjecture. We also find that the
equation of motion holds when the tachyon or gauge solutions are contracted
among themselves.Comment: JHEP style, 9+1 pages. Typos correcte
Solitons on compact and noncompact spaces in large noncommutativity
We study solutions at the minima of scalar field potentials for Moyal spaces
and torii in the large non-commutativity and interprete these solitons in terms
of non-BPS D-branes of string theory. We derive a mass spectrum formula linking
different D-branes together on quantum torii and suggest that it describes
general systems of D-brane bound states extending the D2-D0 one. Then we
propose a shape for the effective potential approaching these quasi-stable
bound states. We give the gauge symmetries of these systems of branes and show
that they depend on the quantum torii representations.Comment: 25 pages, Latex, 1 figure (use epsfig.sty), corrected formul
Mindestkurs für den Schweizer Franken: Gefährlicher Interventionismus der SNB?
Die Schweiz ist in den vergangenen Monaten durch die drastische Aufwertung des Schweizer Franken gegenüber dem Euro unter Druck geraten. Im September 2011 verkündete deshalb die Schweizerische Nationalbank (SNB) einen Mindestkurs des Franken zum Euro. Mit einer Untergrenze von 1,20 Franken je Euro soll der nach Ansicht der SNB »massiven Überbewertung« der Währung entgegengewirkt werden. Oliver Landmann, Universität Freiburg, sieht diese Maßnahme vor dem Hintergrund, dass die Schweiz als kleine offene Volkswirtschaft auch als Nicht-Mitglied der Europäischen Union aufs Engste mit ihrem politischen und wirtschaftlichen Umland verbunden ist. Das bedeutet, dass das Land von allen positiven wie negativen Entwicklungen in der EU betroffen sein wird. Deshalb wäre es eine Illusion zu glauben, die Schwierigkeiten, in welche die Eurozone durch ihre aktuelle Krise geraten ist, könnten an der Schweiz vorbeigehen. Die Festlegung eines Mindestkurses von 1,20 Fr. ist zwar kein Wundermittel, aber eine »mit Bedacht ergriffene Maßnahme der Schadensminimierung«. Gunther Schnabl, Universität Leipzig, betont, dass die Schweiz mit dieser Entscheidung geldpolitischen Handlungsspielraum zurückgewinnt, da sie sich »von dem Fluch spekulativer Kapitalzuflüsse« teilweise befreien kann. Allerdings bleibe die Wechselkursbindung im derzeitigen Umfeld der globalen Liquiditätsschwemme sowie instabiler europäischer Staatshaushalte und Banken nur eine unbefriedigende Lösung. Denn bei festem Wechselkurs und steigender Inflation werden die immensen Euro-Reserven in der Schweizerischen Zentralbankbilanz langfristig real entwertet. Damit werde die Sozialisierung der Kosten der europäischen Staatsschulden- und Finanzkrisen auf die Schweiz ausgeweitet. David Iselin und Michael J. Lamla, KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich, werten die Einführung der Wechselkursuntergrenze als Erfolg und das Risiko dieses Engagements der SNB als gering. Angesichts der erwarteten niedrigen Inflationsraten im nächstenSchweizer Franken, Wechselkurs, Wechselkurspolitik, Finanzmarktkrise, Eurozone, Interventionismus, Zentralbank, Schweiz
Wedge states in string field theory
The wedge states form an important subalgebra in the string field theory. We
review and further investigate their various properties. We find in particular
a novel expression for the wedge states, which allows to understand their star
products purely algebraically. The method allows also for treating the matter
and ghost sectors separately. It turns out, that wedge states with different
matter and ghost parts violate the associativity of the algebra. We introduce
and study also wedge states with insertions of local operators and show how
they are useful for obtaining exact results about convergence of level
truncation calculations. These results help to clarify the issue of anomalies
related to the identity and some exterior derivations in the string field
algebra.Comment: 40 pages, 9 figures, v3: section 3.3 rewritten, few other
corrections, set in JHEP styl
- …