A Systems Approach to Evaluation Metrics: A Case Study of Salvation Farms

This paper examines how integrating systems thinking into nonprofit work and evaluation metrics can help to advance an organization’s mission and clarify that mission to the public. The researcher will utilize her practicum site at Salvation Farms, a small nonprofit in northern Vermont, as a case study to observe the extent to which this organization utilizes systems thinking and how current evaluation metrics can be improved to more effectively inform and involve the community. Salvation Farms’ mission, after all, is to build greater resilience into Vermont’s food system through agricultural surplus management. The researcher offers a literature review on systems thinking and performance measurement and analyzes the results of a mixed methods evaluation of 8 participants through interviews, surveys, and focus groups to answer the research question: to what extent can systems thinking and approaches help redesign performance measurement at Salvation Farms and ultimately help to clarify its mission to the public? Initial findings indicate that while Salvation Farms is growing its programs and community presence, there is still only a superficial understanding of its work, both by those close to the organization and by the general public. Often Salvation Farms’ specific programs are more easily understood or relatable than the overarching philosophy of resource management. This suggests that, even though Salvation Farms is having a meaningful impact on the community, the organization can expand its evaluation metrics, further define its indicators for success, and connect more with state-wide and regional partners to further clarify its role in Vermont’s food system. Improving the systemic linkage with other stakeholders, including the immediate community Salvation Farms operates in, will not only help the organization grow but also help advance the conversation in Vermont regarding how to strengthen the food system

Pressure Transients for Boron-Potassium Nitrate Igniters in Inert, Vented Chambers

Equations which will describe the pressure-time curves for the ignition of cylindrical, boron-potassium nitrate, igniter pellets in vented, inert chambers are derived on the assumption that the burning rate is independent of pressure. This assumption is justified on the basis of closed chamber experiments. Experimental firings were conducted over a considerable range of igniter weights and nozzle throat sizes. Smooth, reproducible pressure- time histories were obtained which showed excellent agreement with the analytically predicted curves

Development of multisensory spatial integration and perception in humans

Previous studies have shown that adults respond faster and more reliably to bimodal compared to unimodal localization cues. The current study investigated for the first time the development of audiovisual (A‐V) integration in spatial localization behavior in infants between 1 and 10 months of age. We observed infants’ head and eye movements in response to auditory, visual, or both kinds of stimuli presented either 25° or 45° to the right or left of midline. Infants under 8 months of age intermittently showed response latencies significantly faster toward audiovisual targets than toward either auditory or visual targets alone They did so, however, without exhibiting a reliable violation of the Race Model, suggesting that probability summation alone could explain the faster bimodal response. In contrast, infants between 8 and 10 months of age exhibited bimodal response latencies significantly faster than unimodal latencies for both eccentricity conditions and their latencies violated the Race Model at 25° eccentricity. In addition to this main finding, we found age‐dependent eccentricity and modality effects on response latencies. Together, these findings suggest that audiovisual integration emerges late in the first year of life and are consistent with neurophysiological findings from multisensory sites in the superior colliculus of infant monkeys showing that multisensory enhancement of responsiveness is not present at birth but emerges later in life