3,021 research outputs found
Systematics of fusion probability in "hot" fusion reactions
The fusion probability in "hot" fusion reactions leading to the synthesis of
super-heavy nuclei is investigated systematically. The quasi-fission barrier
influences the formation of the super-heavy nucleus around the "island of
stability" in addition to the shell correction. Based on the quasi-fission
barrier height obtained with the Skyrme energy-density functional, we propose
an analytical expression for the description of the fusion probability, with
which the measured evaporation residual cross sections can be reproduced
acceptably well. Simultaneously, some special fusion reactions for synthesizing
new elements 119 and 120 are studied. The predicted evaporation residual cross
sections for 50Ti+249Bk are about 10-150fb at energies around the
entrance-channel Coulomb barrier. For the fusion reactions synthesizing element
120 with projectiles 54Cr and 58Fe, the cross sections fall to a few femtobarns
which seems beyond the limit of the available facilities.Comment: 5 figures, 1 tabl
Directed and elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions from MeV/nucleon to GeV/nucleon
Recent data from the NA49 experiment on directed and elliptic flow for Pb+Pb
reactions at CERN-SPS are compared to calculations with a hadron-string
transport model, the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD)
model.
The rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the directed and elliptic
flow, i.e. and , are investigated. The flow results are compared to
data at three different centrality bins. Generally, a reasonable agreement
between the data and the calculations is found. Furthermore, the energy
excitation functions of and from MeV to GeV are explored within the UrQMD framework and discussed in the
context of the available data. It is found that, in the energy regime below
GeV, the inclusion of nuclear potentials is necessary to
describe the data. Above GeV beam energy, the UrQMD model starts to
underestimate the elliptic flow. Around the same energy the slope of the
rapidity spectra of the proton directed flow develops negative values. This
effect is known as the third flow component ("antiflow") and cannot be
reproduced by the transport model. These differences can possibly be explained
by assuming a phase transition from hadron gas to quark gluon plasma at about
GeV.Comment: 19 pages, minor changes and modified title as published in PR
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Absorption of spherical bubbles in a square microchannel
This paper was presented at the 4th Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2014), which was held at University College, London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Italian Union of Thermofluiddynamics, IPEM, the Process Intensification Network, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Heat Transfer Society, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group, and the Energy Institute, ASME Press, LCN London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL University College London, UCL Engineering, the International NanoScience Community, www.nanopaprika.eu.Microfluidics is a fast growing field in which the manipulation of bubbles in liquid phase is of
utmost importance. In this paper, the absorption of spherical bubbles in a square microchannel is investigated
for a bubbly flow. Numerical simulations of the gas-liquid two-phase flow and the mass transfer around
spherical bubbles in a square microchannel are carried out. Correlations are established for the bubble
velocity and the mass transfer rate. A model for the dissolution of spherical bubbles along a square
microchannel is proposed in the case of the bubbly flow regime and validated using existing experimental
data. This model can be used, for instance, for designing microabsorbers for lab-on-a-chip applications
Cyclic mutually unbiased bases, Fibonacci polynomials and Wiedemann's conjecture
We relate the construction of a complete set of cyclic mutually unbiased
bases, i. e., mutually unbiased bases generated by a single unitary operator,
in power-of-two dimensions to the problem of finding a symmetric matrix over
F_2 with an irreducible characteristic polynomial that has a given Fibonacci
index. For dimensions of the form 2^(2^k) we present a solution that shows an
analogy to an open conjecture of Wiedemann in finite field theory. Finally, we
discuss the equivalence of mutually unbiased bases.Comment: 11 pages, added chapter on equivalenc
Reconstruction of Rb-Rb inter-atomic potential from ultracold Bose-gas collision
Scattering phase shifts obtained from 87Rb Bose-gas collision experiments are
used to reconstruct effective potentials resulting, self-consistently, in the
same scattering events observed in the experiments at a particular energy. We
have found that the interaction strength close to the origin suddenly changes
from repulsion to attraction when the collision energy crosses, from below, the
l=2 shape resonance position at E = 275 mikroK. This observation may be
utilized in outlining future Bose-gas collision experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Continuous Lyman-alpha generation by four-wave mixing in mercury for laser-cooling of antihydrogen
Cooling antihydrogen atoms is important for future experiments both to test
the fundamental CPT symmetry by high-resolution laser spectroscopy and also to
measure the gravitational acceleration of antimatter. Laser-cooling of
antihydrogen can be done on the strong 1S-2P transition at the wavelength of
Lyman-alpha (121.6nm). A continuous-wave laser at the Lyman-alpha wavelength
based on solid-state fundamental lasers is described. By using a two-photon and
a near one photon resonance a scan across the whole phasematching curve of the
four-wave mixing process is possible. Furthermore the influence of the beam
profile of one fundamental beam on the four-wave mixing process is studied.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Autonomous frequency domain identification: Theory and experiment
The analysis, design, and on-orbit tuning of robust controllers require more information about the plant than simply a nominal estimate of the plant transfer function. Information is also required concerning the uncertainty in the nominal estimate, or more generally, the identification of a model set within which the true plant is known to lie. The identification methodology that was developed and experimentally demonstrated makes use of a simple but useful characterization of the model uncertainty based on the output error. This is a characterization of the additive uncertainty in the plant model, which has found considerable use in many robust control analysis and synthesis techniques. The identification process is initiated by a stochastic input u which is applied to the plant p giving rise to the output. Spectral estimation (h = P sub uy/P sub uu) is used as an estimate of p and the model order is estimated using the produce moment matrix (PMM) method. A parametric model unit direction vector p is then determined by curve fitting the spectral estimate to a rational transfer function. The additive uncertainty delta sub m = p - unit direction vector p is then estimated by the cross spectral estimate delta = P sub ue/P sub uu where e = y - unit direction vectory y is the output error, and unit direction vector y = unit direction vector pu is the computed output of the parametric model subjected to the actual input u. The experimental results demonstrate the curve fitting algorithm produces the reduced-order plant model which minimizes the additive uncertainty. The nominal transfer function estimate unit direction vector p and the estimate delta of the additive uncertainty delta sub m are subsequently available to be used for optimization of robust controller performance and stability
Influence of the 6^1S_0-6^3P_1 Resonance on Continuous Lyman-alpha Generation in Mercury
Continuous coherent radiation in the vacuum-ultraviolet at 122 nm
(Lyman-alpha) can be generated using sum-frequency mixing of three fundamental
laser beams in mercury vapour. One of the fundamental beams is at 254 nm
wavelength, which is close to the 6^1S_0-6^3P_1 resonance in mercury.
Experiments have been performed to investigate the effect of this one-photon
resonance on phasematching, absorption and the nonlinear yield. The efficiency
of continuous Lyman-alpha generation has been improved by a factor of 4.5.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
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