Innovation strategies of SMEs and the factors affecting involvement in innovation: an Implementation

Küreselleşme süreci ile birlikte artan rekabet, işletmeleri inovasyon yapmaya zorunlu kılmaktadır. KOBİ’ler değişken müşteri gereksinimlerine hızlı cevap verebilecek esnek bir yapıya sahip olmaları nedeniyle büyük işletmelere göre inovasyon konusunda daha avantajlı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma KOBİ’lerin inovasyon stratejilerinden hangilerini tercih ettiklerini ve inovasyon çeşitlerinden hangilerini uyguladıklarını tespit etmek amacıyla gerçek-leştirilmiştir. Çalışma ayrıca KOBİ’lerin çalışan sayıları ve yasal yapılarındaki farklılıkların inovasyon yapmayı ne derecede etkilediğini ve Ar-Ge’ye ayırdıkları pay ile inovasyon stratejileri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, çalışan sayısı arttıkça işletmelerin inovasyon yapma başarısının arttığını, inovasyon yapmanın KOBİ’lerin yasal yapısına göre farklılık göstermediğini ve Ar-Ge’ye ayrılan payın inovasyon stratejilerinin belirlenmesinde önemli rol oynadığını ortaya koymuştur.Increasing competitiveness through globalization process, has been forcing enterprises to innovate more than ever before. SMEs are considered to be more advantageous than large enterprises as they have a more flexible structure so as to meet costumers’ varying needs in an immediate manner. This study has been conducted to find out which innovation strategies enterprises prefer and which innovations they are using. Moreover, the study has examined to what extent the number of their employees and the variety in their legal structures influence their innovation activities and investigated the relation between their R&D allocations and innovation strategies. The findings have revealed that innovation success of enterprises improves along with the increase in the number of employees; involvement in innovation activities is unresponsive to type of legal structure of SMEs; and the size of R&D allocations plays a significant role in determining their innovation strategies

Surgical and Prosthetic Management of a Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma In a 5-Year-Old Child: A Clinical Report

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a rare and benign fibro-osseous lesion of the craniofacial skeleton commonly seen in children under 15 years of age. Despite being classified as benign, JOF lesions are aggressive in nature and reach large dimensions in a short period of time. Thus, their resections may cause large orofacial defects which have serious detrimental effects on the functional and nutritional requirements of pediatric patients being in the period of growth. Therefore, its early diagnosis and proper surgical and prosthetic management are of vital importance for the survival of patients. However, no detailed reports in the literature describe the prosthetic management of large intraoral defects in pediatric patients under 10 years old

Süt dişleriyle ilişkili kompound odontoma: İki olgu

Çenelerde görülen odontojenik kaynaklı tümörlerin % 22’sini oluşturan odontomalar, mine, dentin ve pulpa dokusu içeren hamartamatöz lezyonlardır. Odontomalar benign odontojenik tümörler olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Morfolojik olarak kompleks ve kompound odontoma olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Kompound odontomalar yaygın olarak maksillada keser-kanin bölgesinde gelişmektedirler ve kompleks odontomalara göre iki kat daha fazla görülürler. Genellikle asemptomatiktirler ve rutin dental radyografi esnasında teşhis edilirler. Odontomalar diş sürme bozuklukları, komşu dişlerde konjenital eksiklik, rezorpsiyon ve malpozisyon gibi durumlarla ilişkilendirilmektedir ve sıklıkla daimi dentisyonda görülürken, nadir olarak süt dentisyonda da görülebilmektedir. Bu vaka raporunda; süt dişleriyle ilişkili iki kompound odontoma vakasının sunulması amaçlanmıştır

Increased Caspase-3 Immunoreactivity of Erythrocytes in STZ Diabetic Rats

Eryptosis is a term to define apoptosis of erythrocytes. Oxidative stress and hyperglycemia, both of which exist in the diabetic intravascular environment, can trigger eryptosis of erythrocytes. In this experimental study, it is presented that the majority of erythrocytes shows caspase-3 immunoreactivity in streptozocin- (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Besides that, caspase-3 positive erythrocytes are aggregated and attached to vascular endothelium. In conclusion, these results may start a debate that eryptosis could have a role in the diabetic complications

A case of primary hypoparathyroidism presenting with acute kidney injury secondary to rhabdomyolysis

Hypoparathyroidism is the most common cause of symmetric calcification of the basal ganglia. Herein, a case of primary hypoparathyroidism with severe tetany, rhabdomyolysis, and acute kidney injury is presented. A 26-year-old male was admitted to the emergency clinic with leg pain and cramps, nausea, vomiting, and decreased amount of urine. He had been treated for epilepsy for the last 10 years. He was admitted to the emergency department for leg pain, cramping in the hands and legs, and agitation multiple times within the last six months. He was prescribed antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. He had a blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg, diffuse abdominal tenderness, and abdominal muscle rigidity on physical examination. Pathological laboratory findings were as follows: creatinine, 7.5 mg/dL, calcium, 3.7 mg/dL, alanine transaminase, 4349 U/L, aspartate transaminase, 5237 U/L, creatine phosphokinase, 262.000 U/L, and parathyroid hormone, 0 pg/mL.There were bilateral symmetrical calcifications in basal ganglia and the cerebellum on computerized tomography. He was diagnosed as primary hypoparathyroidism and acute kidney injury secondary to severe rhabdomyolysis. Brain calcifications, although rare, should be considered in dealing with patients with neurological symptoms, symmetrical cranial calcifications, and calcium metabolism abnormalities

Probation System in Judicial Tax Penalties

Adli vergi cezaları, vergi kanunlarına aykırı davranışları en aza indirme amacına yöneliktir. Bu çalışmada, adli vergi cezaları, adli vergi cezalarının infazında yeni ve farklı bir infaz şekli olan denetimli serbestlik sistemi, bu sistemin tarihi gelişimi, görevleri ve ülkemizdeki uygulamaları açıklanmıştır. Türk denetimli serbestlik sisteminin uygulama sonuçları ikincil veriler yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Her coğrafi bölgeden en az bir olmak üzere, bulunduğu bölgeyi temsil edebileceği düşünülen 12 denetimli serbestlik ve yardım merkezinde 360 kişiye bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Ankette kullanılan sorular denetimli serbestlik sisteminin tercih edilme, yararlılık ve caydırıcılığını tespite yöneliktir. Yapılan araştırmada, denetimli serbestlik sisteminin büyük bir oranda tercih edilen, yararlı görülen, suç tekrarını engellemede etkili ve caydırıcı görülen bir ceza infaz sistemi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Judicial tax penalties are intended to minimize behaviors against tax laws. In this study, judicial tax penalties, probation system which is a new and different type of execution of judicial tax penalties, historical development of this system, its functions and applications in our country are clarified. The application results of Turkish probation system are investigated through secondary data. A questionnaire was given to 360 people in 12 probation and aid centers that are thought to represent the regions where they exist and there is at least one from each geographical region. The questions in this questionnaire aim at determining the preferability, effectiveness and deterrence of the probation system. In the study conducted, it was found out that probation system is a punishment execution system which is substantially preferred, and is thought to be a good deterrent as well as being useful and effective in preventing the recurrence of crime