4,125 research outputs found
Motor regulation results in distal forces that bend partially disintegrated Chlamydomonas axonemes into circular arcs
The bending of cilia and flagella is driven by forces generated by dynein
motor proteins. These forces slide adjacent microtubule doublets within the
axoneme, the motile cytoskeletal structure. To create regular, oscilla- tory
beating patterns, the activities of the axonemal dyneins must be coordinated
both spatially and temporally. It is thought that coordination is mediated by
stresses or strains, which build up within the moving axoneme, and somehow
regulate dynein activity. While experimenting with axonemes subjected to mild
proteolysis, we observed pairs of doublets associate with each other and form
bends with almost constant curvature. By model- ing the statics of a pair of
filaments, we show that the activity of the motors concentrates at the distal
tips of the doublets. Furthermore, we show that this distribution of motor
activity accords with models in which curvature, or curvature-induced normal
forces, regulates the activity of the motors. These observations, together with
our theoretical analysis, provide evidence that dynein activity can be
regulated by curvature or normal forces, which may, therefore, play a role in
coordinating the beating of cilia and flagella
Avaliação preliminar da reação de cultivares de trigo a brusone em condições de campo.
bitstream/item/119385/1/FOL-06040.pd
Avaliação preliminar da reação de cultivares de trigo à brusone em condições de campo.
bitstream/item/84366/1/CNPT-COM.-TEC.-1-88.pd
Cultivares de trigo Embrapa - comportamento nas unidades demonstrativas de Passo Fundo, safra 1999.
bitstream/item/84167/1/CNPT-COM.-TEC.-19-00.pd
Cultivares de trigo Embrapa - i) resultados das unidades de observação, safra 2004, no RS, SC e PR.
bitstream/CNPT-2010/40552/1/p-co187.pd
Kinematics of the 1991 Randa rockslides (Valais, Switzerland)
International audienceAbout 22 mio m3 of rock fell from a cliff near the village of Randa (10 km north of Zermatt, Switzerland) on 18 April 1991. A second retrogressive rockslide of about 7 mio m3 followed on 9 May 1991. At present, a rock mass situated above the scarp is still slowly moving toward the valley, involving several mio m 3 of rock. A kinematic approach to study of this well-documented rockslide was made "a posteriori" in order to identify the parameters relevant to the detection of such failures involving large volumes of rock. A 3-D model of the pre-rockslide geometry is presented, and is used to interpret the geostructural, hydrogeological, and chronological data. The steepness of the cliff, the massive lithology (mainly orthogneiss), the location on a topographic ridge outcropping at the confluence between a glacial cirque and the main valley, and the existence of previous events of instability were the preexisting field conditions that affected the stability of the area. The structural cause of instability was a 30 dipping, more than 500-m-long, persistent fault, which cut the base of the rock face. Together with a steeply dipping set of persistent joints, this basal discontinuity delimited a 20- mio-m 3 rock block, with a potential sliding direction approximately parallel to the axis of the valley. To the North, the fractures delimiting the unstable mass were less persistent and separated by rock bridges; this rock volume acted as key block. This topographic and structural configuration was freed from glacier support about 15 000 years BP. The various mechanisms of degradation that led to the final loss of equilibrium required various amounts of time. During the late-and post-glacial periods, seismic activity and weathering of the orthogneiss along the fissure network due to infiltration of meteoric water, joined to reduce the mechanical resistance of the sliding surfaces and the rocks bridges. In addition, crystallisation of clay minerals due to mineralogical alteration of the fault gouge accumulated along the sliding surface, reducing its angle of internal friction, and sealing the surface against water circulation. Once this basal fracture began to act as an aquiclude, the seasonal increase of the hydraulic head in the fissures promoted hydraulic fracturing on the highly stressed edges of the key block. Acceleration of this mechanical degradation occurred during the 20-year period before the 1991 rockslides, giving rise to an increasing rockfall activity, that constituted a forewarning sign. The final triggering event corresponded to a snow-melt period with high water table, leading to fracturation around the key block. On 18 April 1991, the key block finally failed, allowing subsidiary orthogneiss blocks to slide. They fell in turn over a period of several hours. The 9 May 1991, rockslide was the first of a series of expected future retrogressive reequilibrium stages of the very fractured and decompressed paragneisses, which lie on the orthogneiss base cut by the 18 April event
Geometric invariant theory approach to the determination of ground states of D-wave condensates in isotropic space
A complete and rigorous determination of the possible ground states for
D-wave pairing Bose condensates is presented, using a geometrical invariant
theory approach to the problem. The order parameter is argued to be a vector,
transforming according to a ten dimensional real representation of the group
{\bf O}{\bf U}. We determine the equalities
and inequalities defining the orbit space of this linear group and its symmetry
strata, which are in a one-to-one correspondence with the possible distinct
phases of the system. We find 15 allowed phases (besides the unbroken one),
with different symmetries, that we thoroughly determine. The group-subgroup
relations between bordering phases are pointed out. The perturbative sixth
degree corrections to the minimum of a fourth degree polynomial -invariant
free energy, calculated by Mermin, are also determined.Comment: 27 revtex pages, 2 figures, use of texdraw; minor changes in the
bibliography and in Table II
Extended X-ray emission in the IC 2497 - Hanny's Voorwerp system: energy injection in the gas around a fading AGN
We present deep Chandra X-ray observations of the core of IC 2497, the galaxy
associated with Hanny's Voorwerp and hosting a fading AGN. We find extended
soft X-ray emission from hot gas around the low intrinsic luminosity
(unobscured) AGN ( erg s). The
temperature structure in the hot gas suggests the presence of a bubble or
cavity around the fading AGN (\mbox{E_{\rm bub}} \sim 10^{54} - 10^{55}
erg). A possible scenario is that this bubble is inflated by the fading AGN,
which after changing accretion state is now in a kinetic mode. Other
possibilities are that the bubble has been inflated by the past luminous quasar
( erg s), or that the temperature gradient is
an indication of a shock front from a superwind driven by the AGN. We discuss
the possible scenarios and the implications for the AGN-host galaxy
interaction, as well as an analogy between AGN and X-ray binaries lifecycles.
We conclude that the AGN could inject mechanical energy into the host galaxy at
the end of its lifecycle, and thus provide a source for mechanical feedback, in
a similar way as observed for X-ray binaries.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Testing the neutrality of matter by acoustic means in a spherical resonator
New measurements to test the neutrality of matter by acoustic means are
reported. The apparatus is based on a spherical capacitor filled with gaseous
SF excited by an oscillating electric field. The apparatus has been
calibrated measuring the electric polarizability. Assuming charge conservation
in the decay of the neutron, the experiment gives a limit of
for the electron-proton charge
difference, the same limit holding for the charge of the neutron. Previous
measurements are critically reviewed and found incorrect: the present result is
the best limit obtained with this technique
Self-consistent simulation of plasma scenarios for ITER using a combination of 1.5D transport codes and free-boundary equilibrium codes
Self-consistent transport simulation of ITER scenarios is a very important
tool for the exploration of the operational space and for scenario
optimisation. It also provides an assessment of the compatibility of developed
scenarios (which include fast transient events) with machine constraints, in
particular with the poloidal field (PF) coil system, heating and current drive
(H&CD), fuelling and particle and energy exhaust systems. This paper discusses
results of predictive modelling of all reference ITER scenarios and variants
using two suite of linked transport and equilibrium codes. The first suite
consisting of the 1.5D core/2D SOL code JINTRAC [1] and the free boundary
equilibrium evolution code CREATE-NL [2,3], was mainly used to simulate the
inductive D-T reference Scenario-2 with fusion gain Q=10 and its variants in H,
D and He (including ITER scenarios with reduced current and toroidal field).
The second suite of codes was used mainly for the modelling of hybrid and
steady state ITER scenarios. It combines the 1.5D core transport code CRONOS
[4] and the free boundary equilibrium evolution code DINA-CH [5].Comment: 23 pages, 18 figure
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