Latent relationships between environmental impacts of cultivation practices and land market: Evidences from a spatial quantile regression analysis in Italy

Several economic approaches can be carried out for managing the environmental impacts in agriculture, i.e. property and bargaining rights, economic incentives, ecological fees, etc. These approaches can be mainly applied to the cultivation phase or to the markets of the agricultural commodities. However, a further ambit in which the regulatory systems could be useful to trigger sustainable cultivation practices is the farmland market. Hence, this study contributes to the setting of market mechanisms based on incentives or fees related to the environmental impacts of farming practices for reducing the pressures of the production processes on the environmental components. The study, through a hedonic pricing method based on a spatial quantile regression and integrated by an environmental analysis, highlights different trends of land value determinants along the quantiles of the selling prices as the intensity of the cultivation system varies. The results show that the most important value determinants of the vineyards cultivated through the semi-extensive production system are related to the quality of grapes. Conversely, in presence of the intensive production system, the most important value determinants are related to the high yields, which also generate high greenhouse gas emissions, in contrast with the “polluter pays” principle. The results allow the assessment of the implicit marginal prices concerning the impact of the environmental indicator on land value per cultivation system, so as to favour the setting of regulatory monetary strategies able to foster farmers towards cleaner agricultural practices

The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in endometrial adenocarcinoma: a review of the literature and recent advances

Purpose: To provide a substantial coverage on the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in endometrial cancer (EC), and identify the key issues which make its use recommended with both low level of evidence and low strength of recommendation in accordance with the last consensus conference. Methods: A comprehensive literature computer search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2020. Included studies had to focus on 18F-FDG PET/CT in EC, with regard to staging, follow-up and prognostic value. Review guidelines, systematic review, meta-analyses and original papers were included. Results: The 18F-FDG PET/CT is affected by suboptimal soft tissue differentiation, with sensitivity and specificity in tumor staging ranged from 77 to 85% and 79 to 96%. The sensitivity and the specificity of 18F-FDG PET/CT performed at staging for lymph node metastases ranged from 63 to 73% and 96 to 97%. For distant metastases, sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG PET/CT performed at staging ranged from 63 to 80% and 93 to 96%. After treatment, better performance emerged for EC recurrent with sensitivity ranged from 92 to 98% and specificity ranged from 89 to 94%. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and metabolic volumetric parameters, such as total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV), resulted to be significantly related to prognosis. Conclusion: Despite evidence-based data about the diagnostic performance are increasing, the low sensitivity represents the main limitation of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging utilization for the detection of primary tumor and lymph node metastases. Better performances were observed for distant metastasis and EC recurrence. Further randomized prospective studies are needed to increase both the low level of evidence and low strength of recommendation for using 18F-FDG PET/CT in EC. Promising results emerged from PET/MRI

Early predictive response to multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced refractory radioactive-iodine differentiated thyroid cancer: A new challenge for [18 f]fdg pet/ct

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) represents the most common thyroid cancer histotype. Generally, it exhibits a good prognosis after conventional treatments; nevertheless, about 20% of patients can develop a local recurrence and/or distant metastasis. In one-third of advanced DTC, the metastatic lesions lose the ability to take up iodine and become radioactive iodine-refractory (RAI-R) DTC. In this set of patients, the possibility to perform localized treatments should always be taken into consideration before the initiation of systemic therapy. In the last decade, some multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (MKI) drugs were approved for advanced DTC, impacting on patient’s survival rate, but at the same time, these therapies have been associated with several adverse events. In this clinical context, the role of 2-deoxy-2-[18 F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18 F]FDG PET/CT) in the early treatment response to these innovative therapies was investigated, in order to assess the potentiality of this diagnostic tool in the early recognition of non-responders, avoiding unnecessary therapy. Herein, we aimed to present a critical overview about the reliability of [18 F]FDG PET/CT in the early predictive response to MKIs in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer

The significant role of multimodality imaging with 18Fluorocholine PET/CT in relapsed intracranial hemangiopericytoma

A un varón de 69 a˜nos de edad con ptosis palpebral y sensación de compresión en la órbita izquierda sin causa aparente, se le practicó una resonancia magnética (RM) de cabeza y cuello que mostró una formación de morfología redondeada y un margen bien delimitado en la porción súpero-lateral de la órbita izquierda. El paciente fue sometido a exéresis quirúrgica de dicha lesión, obteniéndose el diagnóstico histopatológico de hemangiopericitoma (HPC) (fig. 1). Tres a˜nos más tarde, con la reaparición de los síntomas, la RM detectó una lesión sospechosa de recidiva en la misma localización orbitaria izquierda. Con el fin de establecer la actividad metabólica del tejido orbitario y poder planificar el tratamiento más adecuado

Testing consumers’ acceptance for an extra-virgin olive oil with a naturally increased content in polyphenols: The case of ultrasounds extraction

Innovation is fundamental for all agri-food companies to increase competitiveness. Being extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) a traditional food product (TFP), the main obstacle to innovation is its traditional nature. This study evaluated consumers’ acceptance for an EVOO with a naturally increased content of poliphenols, as it has been extracted through ultrasounds. This product has been compared with a set of emerging innovations that may be introduced in the next future. To this end, a choice experiment was carried out bent on the estimation of a Latent Class Model (LCM). A nationally-representative sample of EVOO consumers were involved in a web-based interview. The LCM analysis highlighted three segments of consumers: (1) innovative; (2) traditionalist; (3) cautious. Results showed that there is cluster of consumers willing to accept this innovation, therefore its introduction on the market appears to be possibly successful

Testing consumers' acceptance for an extra-virgin olive oil with a naturally increased content in polyphenols: The case of ultrasounds extraction

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Dyspnea in Patients Receiving Radical Radiotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Study

Background and Purpose: Dyspnea is an important symptomatic endpoint for assessment of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) following radical radiotherapy in locally advanced disease, which remains the mainstay of treatment at the time of significant advances in therapy including combination treatments with immunotherapy and chemotherapy and the use of local ablative radiotherapy techniques. We investigated the relationship between dose-volume parameters and subjective changes in dyspnea as a measure of RILI and the relationship to spirometry. Material and Methods: Eighty patients receiving radical radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer were prospectively assessed for dyspnea using two patient-completed tools: EORTC QLQ-LC13 dyspnea quality of life assessment and dyspnea visual analogue scale (VAS). Global quality of life, spirometry and radiation pneumonitis grade were also assessed. Comparisons were made with lung dose-volume parameters. Results: The median survival of the cohort was 26 months. In the evaluable group of 59 patients there were positive correlations between lung dose-volume parameters and a change in dyspnea quality of life scale at 3 months (V30 p=0.017; V40 p=0.026; V50 p=0.049; mean lung dose p=0.05), and a change in dyspnea VAS at 6 months (V30 p=0.05; V40 p=0.026; V50 p=0.028) after radiotherapy. Lung dose-volume parameters predicted a 10% increase in dyspnea quality of life score at 3 months (V40; p=0.041, V50; p=0.037) and dyspnea VAS score at 6 months (V40; p=0.027) post-treatment. Conclusions: Worsening of dyspnea is an important symptom of RILI. We demonstrate a relationship between lung dose-volume parameters and a 10% worsening of subjectiv

Magnetic resonance imaging for deep infiltrating endometriosis: current concepts, imaging technique and key findings

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent chronic disease affecting about 10% of reproductive-age women with symptoms like pelvic pain and infertility. Pathologically, it is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity responsible for a chronic inflammatory process. For decades the diagnosis of endometriosis was based on surgical exploration and biopsy of pelvic lesions. However, laparoscopy is not a risk-free procedure with possible false negative diagnosis due to an underestimate of retroperitoneal structures such as ureters and nerves. For these reasons nowadays, the diagnosis of endometriosis is based on a noninvasive approach where clinical history, response to therapy and imaging play a fundamental role. Trans-vaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are suitable for recognizing most of endometriotic lesions; nevertheless, their accuracy is strictly determined by operators’ experience and imaging technique. This review paper aims to make radiologists aware of the diagnostic possibilities of pelvic MRI and familial with the MR acquisition protocols and image interpretation for women with endometriosis

Politiche di gestione della risorsa idrica sotterranea a fini irrigui. Analisi delle preferenze degli agricoltori

The overexploitation of groundwater for irrigation purposes is a general problem affecting the management of common resources. The objective of this study was to analyze some of the policy options when facing this issue. A choice experiment was performed in order to elicit farmers’ stated preferences for four policy instruments, namely i) implementation of a compulsory measurement system of groundwater extraction; ii) improved monitoring of rural areas in order to limit illegal access to groundwater; iii) reforming the groundwater tax system; iv) increasing the supply of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation. A survey was conducted in the Puglia region on a representative sample of 187 farmers, selected in the main hot-spot irrigated areas. A Random Parameter Logit Model was estimated using two covariates (i.e. size of irrigable farmland and farmers’ awareness of groundwater shortage). Findings highlighted the farmers’ preference for increasing the supply of water for irrigation (i.e. wastewater supply). Among the measures aiming to handle groundwater demand for irrigation, the respondents positively valued the enhancement of rural area monitoring to prevent illegal access, but they rejected a compulsory groundwater metering system. Finally, the methodological approach proved to be an effective tool to improve policy design, making the decisionmaking process more participatory

Management of prostate cancer radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A necessary paradigm change

Purpose: To adapt the management of prostate malignancy in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In according to the recommendations of the European Association of Urology, we have developed practical additional document on the treatment of prostate cancer. Results: Low-Risk Group Watchful Waiting should be offered to patients >75 years old, with a limited life expectancy and unfit for local treatment. In Active Surveillance (AS) patients re-biopsy, PSA evaluation and visits should be deferred for up to 6 months, preferring non-invasive multiparametric-MRI. The active treatment should be delayed for 6–12 months. Intermediate-Risk Group AS should be offered in favorable-risk patients. Short-course neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with ultra-hypo-fractionation radiotherapy should be used in unfavorable-risk patients. High-Risk Group Neoadjuvant ADT combined with moderate hypofractionation should be preferred. Whole-pelvis irradiation should be offered to patients with positive lymph nodes in locally advanced setting. ADT should be initiated if PSA doubling time is < 12 months in radio-recurrent patients, as well as in low priority/low volume of metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer. If radiotherapy cannot be delayed, hypo-fractionated regimens should be preferred. In high priority class metastatic disease, treatment with androgen receptor-targeted agents should be offered. When palliative radiotherapy for painful bone metastasis is required, single fraction of 8 Gy should be offered. Conclusions: In Covid-19 Era, the challenge should concern a correct management of the oncologic patient, reducing the risk of spreading the virus without worsening tumor prognosis