2,997 research outputs found
Hadronic processes within collective stellar winds
Recently, we have proposed that the interaction between relativistic protons
resulting from Fermi first order acceleration in the superbubble of a stellar
OB association or in other nearby accelerator and ions residing in single
stellar winds of massive stars could lead to TeV sources without strong
counterparts at lower energies. Here we refine this analysis in several
directions. We study collective wind configurations produced by a number of
massive stars, and obtain densities and expansion velocities of the stellar
wind gas that is to be target of hadronic interactions. We study the expected
-ray emission from these regions, considering in an approximate way the
effect of cosmic ray modulation. We compute secondary particle production
(electrons from knock-on interactions and electrons and positrons from charged
pion decay), and solve the loss equation with ionization, synchrotron,
bremsstrahlung, inverse Compton, and expansion losses. We provide examples
where configurations can produce sources for GLAST satellite, and the
MAGIC/HESS/VERITAS telescopes in non-uniform ways, i.e., with or without the
corresponding counterparts. We show that in all cases we studied no EGRET
source is expected. Finally, we comment on HESS J1303-631 and on Cygnus OB 2
and Westerlund 1 as two associations where this scenario could be tested.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
High energy gamma-ray emission from the starburst nucleus of NGC 253
The high density medium that characterizes the central regions of starburst
galaxies and its power to accelerate particles up to relativistic energies make
these objects good candidates as -rays sources. In this paper, a
self-consistent model of the multifrequency emission of the starburst galaxy
NGC 253, from radio to gamma-rays, is presented. The model is in agreement with
all current measurements and provides predictions for the high energy behavior
of the NGC 253 central region. Prospects for observations with the HESS array
and GLAST satellite are especially discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures. To appear in A&A. Modelling parameters and
results are unchanged from the previous version but we enhance here the
detail with which they are described. 3 new figures and 1 new section have
been added, including a figure showing the consistency of the model with the
recently reported HESS observations (astro-ph/0507370) of NGC 25
Power corrections in models with extra dimensions
We critically revisit the issue of power-law running in models with extra
dimensions. The general conclusion is that, in the absence of any additional
physical principle, the power-corrections tend to depend strongly on the
details of the underlying theory.Comment: Talk given at EPS2003 - Aachen, Germany, July 2003, 3 pages, 1 figur
High-energy gamma-rays from stellar associations
It is proposed that TeV gamma-rays and neutrinos can be produced by cosmic
rays (CRs) through hadronic interactions in the innermost parts of the winds of
massive O and B stars. Convection prevents low-energy particles from
penetrating into the wind, leading to an absence of MeV-GeV counterparts. It is
argued that groups of stars located close to the CR acceleration sites in OB
stellar associations may be detectable by ground-based Cherenkov telescopes.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Letter
Generalized hydrodynamics of a dilute finite-sized particles suspension: Dynamic viscosity
We present a mesoscopic hydrodynamic description of the dynamics of colloidal
suspensions. We consider the system as a gas of Brownian particles suspended in
a Newtonian heat bath subjected to stationary non-equilibrium conditions
imposed by a velocity field. Using results already obtained in previous studies
in the field by means of a generalized Fokker-Planck equation, we obtain a set
of coupled differential equations for the local diffusion current and the
evolution of the total stress tensor. We find that the dynamic shear viscosity
of the system contains contributions arising from the finite size of the
particles.Comment: To appear in Physical Review
Paediatric and adult bronchiectasis: Specific management with coexisting asthma, COPD, rheumatological disease and inflammatory bowel disease
Bronchiectasis, conventionally defined as irreversible dilatation of the bronchial tree, is generally suspected on a clinical basis and confirmed by means of chest high-resolution computed tomography. Clinical manifestations, including chronic productive cough and endobronchial suppuration with persistent chest infection and inflammation, may deeply affect quality of life, both in children/adolescents and adults. Despite many cases being idiopathic or post-infectious, a number of specific aetiologies have been traditionally associated with bronchiectasis, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), primary ciliary dyskinesia or immunodeficiencies. Nevertheless, bronchiectasis may also develop in patients with bronchial asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and, less commonly, rheumatological disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. Available literature on the development of bronchiectasis in these conditions and on its management is limited, particularly in children. However, bronchiectasis may complicate the clinical course of the underlying condition at any age, and appropriate management requires an integration of multiple skills in a team of complementary experts to provide the most appropriate care to affected children and adolescents. The present review aims at summarizing the current knowledge and available evidence on the management of bronchiectasis in the other conditions mentioned and focuses on the new therapeutic strategies that are emerging as promising tools for improving patients' quality of life
- …