On the influence of environment on star forming galaxies

We use our state-of-the-art semi analytic model for GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly (GAEA), and observational measurements of nearby galaxies to study the influence of the environment on the gas content and gaseous/stellar disc sizes of star-forming galaxies. We analyse the origin of differences between physical properties of satellites and those of their central counterparts, identified by matching the Vmax of their host haloes at the accretion time of the satellites. Our model reproduces nicely the differences between centrals and satellites measured for the HI mass, size of the star-forming region, and stellar radii. In contrast, our model predicts larger differences with respect to data for the molecular gas mass and star formation rate. By analysing the progenitors of central and satellite model galaxies, we find that differences in the gas content arise after accretion, and can be entirely ascribed to the instantaneous stripping of the hot gas reservoir. The suppression of cold gas replenishment via cooling and star formation leads to a reduction of the cold gas and of its density. Therefore, more molecular gas is lost than lower density HI gas, and model satellites have less molecular gas and lower star formation rates than observed satellites. We argue that these disagreements could be largely resolved with the inclusion of a proper treatment for ram-pressure stripping of cold gas and a more gradual stripping of the hot gas reservoir. A more sophisticated treatment of angular momentum exchanges, accounting for the multi-phase nature of the gaseous disc is also required.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

PPIUCD versus interval IUCD (380a) insertion: a comparative study in a referral hospital of Karnataka, India

Background: Comparative evaluation of PPIUCD and interval IUCD in terms of incidence of failure, expulsions, bleeding p/v and other complications.Methods: Total 200 willing women after counseling in antenatal, early labour or post natal were inserted PPIUCD after excluding chorioamnionitis, PROM >18hrs, unresolved PPH, puerperal sepsis. Another 100 willing women were inserted interval IUCD after excluding contraindications. All were followed up to 6 months.Results: Expulsions rate was significantly higher in PPIUCD as compared to interval insertions (5.5% v/s 5%). Number of removal of IUCD was almost similar in both the groups (6.5% V/S 7%). Common causes of PPIUCD removal were social.Conclusions: Postpartum inserting of IUCD is safe effective, feasible and reversible method of contraception

A randomized controlled comparative clinical trial on Jwarahara effect of Mukkaamukkatukaadi Syrup with Kiratatikta Syrup in Febrile Children

Ayurvedic classics have described many diseases amongst which Jwara stands first because of its uniqueness to make everyone suffer, since birth to death. Jwara being one of the commonest symptoms which accompanies almost all constitutional diseases has been coined with the term Rogadhipathi. Fever is defined as temperature in rectum more than 100.4°F (38°C), in oral cavity above 99.5°F (37.5°C) or in axilla above 99°F (37. 2°C). If we don’t treat fever in its earlier stage, there will be more chances of hyperpyrexia which may cause febrile convulsions which leads to brain damage. Therefore, it is necessary to control fever at its earlier stage. One such Jwarahara formulation is Mukkaamukkatukaadi Gulika and Kiratatikta which is converted into syrup form to overcome the palatability issues. A sample size of 30 patients was selected by simple random sampling method and 15 patients were allotted in two groups. It was planned to compare the result between Mukkaamukkatukaadi syrup in Group A study group for STG and LTG and Kiratatikta syrup in Group B control group for STG and LTG. On STG comparison, the difference in mean in Group A and Group B were 0.49,0.44 before treatment changed to 0.96 and 0.98 after treatment respectively.  On LTG comparison, the difference in mean in Group A and Group B were 0.49, 0.44 before treatment changed to 2.02 and 1.96 after follow up respectively. This depicts both the formulations effective when consumed for longer duration. From the results and observations it can be concluded that Group A and Group B are equally effective and equally significant on reducing the temperature in both STG and LTG. No adverse drug reaction was found during the study

Intravenous paracetamol infusion versus intramuscular tramadol as an intrapartum labor analgesic

Background: The objective of the study was to compare intravenous paracetamol and intramuscular tramadol as labor analgesics.Methods: This prospective-randomized study conducted in 200 primigravidae in active labor, distributed into two groups of 100 women each with one receiving intravenous 1,000 mg Paracetamol and other 100 mg intramuscular tramadol. Pain intensity is recorded by McGills scale before, one and 3 h after drug administration. Perinatal outcome is recorded.Results: No difference in pain intensity is seen before drug administration. After 1 h of drug administration, in paracetamol group, 4 % women had horrible pain, and 28 % had distressing pain, while in tramadol group, 30 % women had horrible pain, and 60 % had distressing pain. After 3 h of drug administration, in paracetamol group, 26 % had distressing pain, while in tramadol group, 50 % women had horrible pain, and 36 % had distressing pain. Labor duration in paracetamol and tramadol group was 4.6 and 6.0 h, respectively. In paracetamol group, nausea is seen in 2.2 % and vomiting in 1.1 %, while in tramadol group, nausea is seen in 6.4 % and vomiting in 4.3 %.Conclusions: Intravenous paracetamol is more effective labor analgesic with fewer maternal adverse effects and shortens labor as compared to intramuscular tramadol

Prescription patterns of antihypertensive drugs in a tertiary care hospital in India

Background: The present study was conducted to analyze the prescribing patterns and utilization of antihypertensive drugs at a tertiary care center in India.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of prescriptions of patients of essential hypertension attending outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital during the period of December 2011 to March 2012 was done. Hypertensive patients with co-morbidities were excluded from study. The data were analyzed to find out demographic characteristics of patients, number of drugs prescribed per prescription, drugs, which are commonly prescribed, antihypertensive drugs used concurrently, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and over all drug utilization frequency.Results: During the study period, 465 prescriptions for hypertension were analyzed. This study revealed that most of the patients were on combination of antihypertensive drugs (67.97%) while 31.18% patients received mono therapy. Among mono therapy drugs, calcium channel blockers (CCB) (31.03%) were prescribed most. Utilization of other major drug classes as mono therapy in decreasing order is angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (28.28%), diuretics (17.93%), beta-blockers (11.72%) and angiotensin receptor blockers (10.34%). Among those who were treated with drug combinations, 64.24% received 2-drug, 25.95% received 3-drug regimen and 8.54% received 4-drug regimen. In combination therapy, 2-drug combination consisting of a CCB and a diuretic was most commonly (24.14%) prescribed.Conclusions: This study represents the current prescribing patterns for anti-hypertensive drugs and provides the baseline data for similar studies in future, as patterns in prescribing antihypertensive drugs keep changing

Assessment of Pesticide Use in Major Vegetables From Farmers\u27 Perception and Knowledge in Dhading District, Nepal

A field study was carried out to assess the pesticide use status in major vegetable crops from farmers\u27 perception and knowledge in Dhading, Nepal in 2019. Field study was carried with 100 commercial farmer\u27s using semi-structure questionnaire by face to face interview. This study was analyzed by categorization of farmers into small holder (51) and large holder (49) groups on the basis of mean area of vegetable cultivation (6.48 ropani). The highest amount of pesticides is needed in tomato in both large holders and small holders according to the farmer\u27s experience. Among the study farmer\u27s, 41% of them spray the pesticides by making a cocktail or mixed method and 56%  follow the waiting period of 3-5 days in both of the cases. A significant positive correlation was found at 5% level of significance between the knowledge and practice pattern of waiting period of the pesticides and negative correlation was found between the Personal Protective equipment score and health hazard score. Headache was the major health hazards faced by the farmers which was higher in small holders (66.7%) as compared to the large holders (46.9%). Mask was the most used PPE by the farmer\u27s i.e. by 83% in overall. Fourty three percent of the farmer\u27s throw the pesticide containers in secret place after using of it.The use of PPE was seen lower in small holders as compared to the large holders. This study reveals the necessities of suitable program and policies regarding the knowledge, safe handling and use of pesticide among the farmer\u27s level

Biometric Data Security using Recursive Visual Cryptography

Recursive Visual cryptography takes the idea from the basic scheme of Visual cryptography to hide multiple secrets recursively in the single image. This paper proposes a scheme of recursive creation of shares using the basic scheme and embedding secrets into the shares. This results levels of share creation i.e. n- secrets equals n/2 levels. This paper also provides  secured authentication for the user, using the Biometric authentication Thus the proposed paper is implemented in any of the real time applications. Keywords:Recursive Visual Cryptography, Embedding secrets, Biometric authentication, Levels of share