Modification of forests by people means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

Many global environmental agendas, including halting biodiversity loss, reversing land degradation, and limiting climate change, depend upon retaining forests with high ecological integrity, yet the scale and degree of forest modification remain poorly quantified and mapped. By integrating data on observed and inferred human pressures and an index of lost connectivity, we generate a globally consistent, continuous index of forest condition as determined by the degree of anthropogenic modification. Globally, only 17.4 million km2 of forest (40.5%) has high landscape-level integrity (mostly found in Canada, Russia, the Amazon, Central Africa, and New Guinea) and only 27% of this area is found in nationally designated protected areas. Of the forest inside protected areas, only 56% has high landscape-level integrity. Ambitious policies that prioritize the retention of forest integrity, especially in the most intact areas, are now urgently needed alongside current efforts aimed at halting deforestation and restoring the integrity of forests globally

Multiphase flow and multicomponent reactive transport model of the ventilation experiment in Opalinus clay

During the construction and operational phases of a high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository constructed in a clay formation, ventilation of underground drifts will cause desaturation and oxidation of the rock. The Ventilation Experiment (VE) was performed in a 1.3 m diameter unlined horizontal microtunnel on Opalinus clay at Mont Terri underground research laboratory in Switzerland to evaluate the impact of desaturation on rock properties. A multiphase flow and reactive transport model of VE is presented here. The model accounts for liquid, vapor and air flow, evaporation/condensation and multicomponent reactive solute transport with kinetic dissolution of pyrite and siderite and local-equilibrium dissolution/precipitation of calcite, ferrihydrite, dolomite, gypsum and quartz. Model results reproduce measured vapor flow, liquid pressure and hydrochemical data and capture the trends of measured relative humidities, although such data are slightly overestimated near the rock interface due to uncertainties in the turbulence factor. Rock desaturation allows oxygen to diffuse into the rock and triggers pyrite oxidation, dissolution of calcite and siderite, precipitation of ferrihydrite, dolomite and gypsum and cation exchange. pH in the unsaturated rock varies from 7.8 to 8 and is buffered by calcite. Computed changes in the porosity and the permeability of Opalinus clay in the unsaturated zone caused by oxidation and mineral dissolution/precipitation are smaller than 5%. Therefore, rock properties are not expected to be affected significantly by ventilation of underground drifts during construction and operational phases of a HLW repository in clay

Timing of effusive volcanism within the whole Basse Terre Island (Guadeloupe, FWI) from new K-Ar Cassignol-Gillot ages

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Effusive history of the Grande Decouverte volcanic complex, southern Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe, French West Indies) from new K-Ar Cassignol-Gillot ages.

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Radiometric dating of large volume flank collapses in the Lesser Antilles Arc

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Analysis of some factors associated with pregnancy rates of frozen semen : a multi-center study

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Multiscale Topography Analysis of Waterjet Pocketing of Silica Glass Surfaces

International audienceGlass workpieces are mainly planar and obtained by diamond cutting however if free-form surfaces are required, manufacturing process is usually based on shaping grinding wheels. Multi-axis waterjet cutting, an other means of obtaining planar workpieces, could also be used to machine complex shapes with appropriate manufacturing strategies. Water jet pocketing could also be achieved but it brings challenging issues since the high pressure jet composed of water and abrasive particles must be contained inside the machined pocket. Water jet glass machining optimization requires understanding of numerous parameters such as interaction between the jet and the brittle material behavior or the identification of the jet himself. We focus our investigation on bottom pocket surfaces to study these parameters. Pocket bottom surfaces are characterized by multi-scale defects: shape defects influenced by the tool path and the manufacturing strategy, macro-craters at waviness scale due to the jet interactions, micro-craters at roughness scale due to particles impacts, sub-surface damages (SSD) at micro- roughness scale. This paper focuses on the study of macro and micro craters. We propose a decomposition of the multi-scale defects using modal filtering. Residual topography will then be analyzed to characterize the surface damages