11,261 research outputs found
The Concorde and aeronautical research
Theoretical and experimental work carried out in various research centers, and particularly at ONERA, which led to the conception and to the main technical solutions included in the design of Concorde: plane form, twist and camber of the wing, lift augmentation by upper surface vortices, kinetic heating, air intakes and jet exhausts, materials, aeroelasticity. The development of research, and the numerous tests carried out for the benefit of the designers since the beginning of the project, are also outlined
Lunar accretion from a Roche-interior fluid disk
We use a hybrid numerical approach to simulate the formation of the Moon from
an impact-generated disk, consisting of a fluid model for the disk inside the
Roche limit and an N-body code to describe accretion outside the Roche limit.
As the inner disk spreads due to a thermally regulated viscosity, material is
delivered across the Roche limit and accretes into moonlets that are added to
the N-body simulation. Contrary to an accretion timescale of a few months
obtained with prior pure N-body codes, here the final stage of the Moon's
growth is controlled by the slow spreading of the inner disk, resulting in a
total lunar accretion timescale of ~10^2 years. It has been proposed that the
inner disk may compositionally equilibrate with the Earth through diffusive
mixing, which offers a potential explanation for the identical oxygen isotope
compositions of the Earth and Moon. However, the mass fraction of the final
Moon that is derived from the inner disk is limited by resonant torques between
the disk and exterior growing moons. For initial disks containing < 2.5 lunar
masses (ML), we find that a final Moon with mass > 0.8ML contains < 60%
material derived from the inner disk, with this material preferentially
delivered to the Moon at the end of its accretion.Comment: 42 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journa
Work domain analysis and intelligent transport systems: Implications for vehicle design
This article presents a Work Domain Analysis (WDA) of the road transport system in Victoria, Australia. A series of driver information requirements and tasks that could potentially be supported through the use of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are then extracted from the WDA. The potential use of ITS technologies to circumvent these information gaps and provide additional support to drivers is discussed. It is concluded that driver information requirements are currently not entirely satisfied by contemporary vehicle design and also that there are a number of driving tasks that could be further supported through the provision of supplementary systems within vehicles
Asteroseismology of Massive Stars : Some Words of Caution
Although playing a key role in the understanding of the supernova phenomenon,
the evolution of massive stars still suffers from uncertainties in their
structure, even during their "quiet" main sequence phase and later on during
their subgiant and helium burning phases. What is the extent of the mixed
central region? In the local mixing length theory (LMLT) frame, are there
structural differences using Schwarzschild or Ledoux convection criterion?
Where are located the convective zone boundaries? Are there intermediate
convection zones during MS and post-MS phase, and what is their extent and
location? We discuss these points and show how asteroseismology could bring
some light on these questions.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, IAU Symposium 307, New windows on massive stars:
asteroseismology, interferometry, and spectropolarimetry, G. Meynet, C.
Georgy, J.H. Groh & Ph. Stee, ed
Intermediate range chemical ordering of cations in simple molten alkali halides
The presence of first sharp diffraction peaks in the partial structure
factors is investigated in computer simulations of molten mixtures of alkali
halides. An intermediate range ordering appears for the Li+ ions only, which is
associated with clustering of this species and is not reflected in the
arrangement of other ions. This ordering is surprising in view of the
simplicity of the interionic interactions in alkali halides. The clustering
reflects an incomplete mixing of the various species on a local length scale,
which can be demonstrated by studying the complementary sub-space of cations in
the corresponding pure alkali halides by means of a void analysis.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Comparing different accelerometer cut-points for sedentary time in children
Actigraph accelerometers are hypothesized to be valid measurements for assessing children\u27s sedentary time. However, there is considerable variation in accelerometer cut-points used. Therefore, we compared the most common accelerometer sedentary cut-points of children performing sedentary behaviors. Actigraph Actitrainer uniaxial accelerometers were used to measure children\u27s activity intensity (29 children, 5-11 years old) during different activities, namely playing computer games, nonelectronic sedentary games, watching television and playing outdoors. A structured protocol was the criterion for assessing the validity of four common cut-points (100, 300, 800, 1100 counts/minute). The median counts during all sedentary behaviors were below the lowest comparison cut-point of 100 cpm. The 75th percentile values for the sedentary behaviors were always below the cut-point of 300 cpm. Our results suggest that the cut-point of <100 cpm is the most appropriate
Data Serving Climate Simulation Science at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation
The NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) provides high performance computational resources, a multi-petabyte archive, and data services in support of climate simulation research and other NASA-sponsored science. This talk describes the NCCS's data-centric architecture and processing, which are evolving in anticipation of researchers' growing requirements for higher resolution simulations and increased data sharing among NCCS users and the external science community
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Characteristics of successful interventions to reduce turnover and increase retention of early career nurses: a systematic review
Background
nurse shortages have been identified as central to workforce issues in healthcare systems globally and although interventions to increase the nursing workforce have been implemented, nurses leaving their roles, particularly in the first year after qualification, present a significant barrier to building the nurse workforce.
Objective
to evaluate the characteristics of successful interventions to promote retention and reduce turnover of early career nurses.
Design
this is a systematic review
Data sources
Online databases including Academic Search Complete, Medline, Health Policy reference Centre, EMBASE, Psychinfo, CINAHL and the Cochran Library were searched to identify relevant publications in English published between 2001 and April 2018. Studies included evaluated an intervention to increase retention or reduce turnover and used turnover or retention figures as a measure.
Review methods
The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were quality-assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools for Quasi Experimental and Randomised Controlled Trials. Retention/turnover data were used to guide the comparison between studies and appropriate measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated and presented, based on the normality of the data.
Results
A total of 11, 656 papers were identified, of which 53 were eligible studies. A wide variety of interventions and components within those interventions were identified to improve nurse retention. Promising interventions appear to be either internship/residency programmes or orientation/transition to practice programmes, lasting between 27-52 weeks, with a teaching and preceptor and mentor component.
Conclusions
Methodological issues impacted on the extent to which conclusions could be drawn, even though a large number of studies were identified. Future research should focus on standardising the reporting of interventions and outcome measures used to evaluate these interventions and carrying out further research with rigorous methodology. Clinical practice areas are recommended to assess their current interventions against the identified criteria to guide development of their effectiveness. Evaluations of cost-effectiveness are considered an important next step to maximise return on investment
High-pressure behaviour of GeO2: a simulation study
In this work we study the high pressure behaviour of liquid and glassy GeO2
by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction potential, which
includes dipole polarization effects, was parameterized from first-principles
calculations. Our simulations reproduce the most recent experimental data to a
high degree of precision. The proportion of the various GeOn polyhedra is
determined as a function of the pressure: a smooth transition from tetrahedral
to octahedral network is observed. Finally, the study of high-pressure, liquid
germania confirms that this material presents an anomalous behaviour of the
diffusivity as observed in analog systems such as silica and water. The
importance of penta-coordinated germanium ions for such behaviour is stressed.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted as a Fast Track Communication on
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matte
Chicano Education in the Era of Segregation by Gilbert G. Gonzalez (review)
This study is a Marxist critique of public education in the the era of de jure segregation. The major focus is on educational adapted to the special needs of a linguistically and culturally community--policy that resulted in intelligence testing, tracking, differentiation, vocational education, and segregated schools. political economy, the public school processed the Mexican student of quality control. Gilbert Gonzales focuses on the theoretical methods of this control and holds it up for rigid analysis
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