FREQUENCY OF ABO BLOOD GROUPS AMONG PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the blood groups among the patients presenting with ischemic stroke either AB blood group or O blood group is more common (frequent) among these patients irrespective of other known factors responsible for stroke. Materials &Methods: We included total 292 patients (40-70 years of age), with ischemic stroke documented on CT scan brain of both gender (male and female).Blood sample of these patients were sent to the central laboratory of hospital for blood group determination using standard techniques. Results: Mean age was 56.26 ± 8.28 years. Out of the 292 patients, 163 (55.82%) were male and 129 (44.18%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Frequency of blood group A, B, AB and O was found to be 114patients blood group A (39.04%), 53patients blood group B (18.15%), 26patients blood group AB (8.90%) and 99patients blood group O (33.90%) respectively. Conclusion: Our study results concluded that there is an association between ABO blood groups and ischemic stroke, irrespective of other risk factors. Our study results have observed that individuals belonging to non-O blood groups (A, B, or AB) are at an increased risk of ischemic stroke as compared to O blood group carriers however we did not control possible impact of confounders such as diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia etc .Many studies proved that persons with AB blood groups are at increased of atherosclerosis but no study showed that these persons have increased risk of ischemic stroke or not. Keywords: Ischemic stroke, ABO blood group

FREQUENCY OF RAISED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

Objective; To determine frequency of raised LDL levels in ischemic stroke and its association with various risk factors causing cerebral ischemia in stroke patients. Background; Cerebrovascular accident(CVA) is a health concern worldwide. It causes enormous disabilities in adult age group, and is 2nd commonest cause of deaths throughout the world. It has been established that approximately 15 million people succumb to stroke each year worldwide, out of this 5 million don’t survive and another 5 million become permanently handicapped and thus put significant burden on catering families. This study was conducted to identify contribution of different risk factors in causing ischemic stroke in our population. Study Design: Descriptive, case series study. Setting: Department of Medicine, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal. Duration of study; One Year tenure spread between May 2017 to May 2018. Material and Methods: 205 cases between 40-70 years of age including both male and female patients with ischemic stroke, irrespective of disease duration were included in study. History of raised BP, previous stroke, history of stroke in family, diabetes and smoking was recorded on pre-designed questionnaire. Body mass index was calculated after noting weight and height of the patient. Venous blood (5 ml) sample was drawn and sent to the pathology laboratory Hospital for estimation of serum LDL level and blood glucose level. Results; Of these 205 study cases, 92 (44.9%) patients were male while 113 (55.1%) patients were female. Mean age of patients in our setting was noted to 51.58 ± 8.05 years. In our study, 50 (24.4%) patients were smokers and 40 (19.5%) had history of hypertension. In our setting, family history of stroke was present in 39 (19%) and previous history of stroke was found in 31 (15.1%). Mean body mass index of our patients was calculated to be 23.17± 2.85 kg/m2 and 30(14.6%) cases were obese in our study. Mean fasting blood glucose level was 118.32 ± 23.21 mg/dl(48 (23.4%) had diabetes). Mean low density lipoprotein level (LDL) noted in our study was 109.59 ± 49.15 mg/dl and raised level of LDL was seen in 88 (42.9%) of our study cases. Conclusion; By identifying the share of various risk factors contributing in ischemic stroke, we can target population at risk of ischemic stroke and strict control and regulation of modifiable risk factors we can prevent this ominous condition to occur. Our study results point towards early diagnosis which will ultimately lead to proper management to improve clinical outcome in such patients. Raised levels of LDL were significantly associated with gender, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, family history and previous history of stroke. Keywords; Ischemic stroke, low density lipoprotein, frequency

Prevalence of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Purpose: To explore the prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted for the prevalence of risk factors for CAD among 200 patients admitted at the different hospitals of Southern Punjab, Pakistan from December 2012 to April 2013. A questionnaire was used to collect data, including demographic information, family health history, dietary habits, physical activity and tobacco use. History of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) or its treatment was recorded after observing their medical reports.Results: The proportion of females and males was 65.53 and 34.46 %, respectively. Of the 200 patients, the mean age of males was 52.7 years and 55.8 years for females. The most prevalent coronary artery risk factors were physical inactivity (52.5 %), hypertension (52 %), poor dietary habits (48.5 %), fatty food consumption (47.5 %), obesity (38 %) and smoking (37 %), respectively. Other less common risk factors were diabetes (30 %) and family history of CAD (20 %).Conclusion: CAD was seen in only 20 % of the subjects; the prevalence of individual risk factors ranged from 30 to 52.5 % and can be improved by encouraging the patients to adopt a healthy life style.Keywords: Risk factors, Prevalence, Coronary artery disease, Diabetes, Southern Punja

Association of Hyperuricemia with Ischemic Stroke in Adult Population

Background and Objective: Stroke is the second most prevalent cause of dementia, the third biggest cause of mortality, and the top cause of disability globally. Hyperuricemia is frequently seen in patients with vascular risk factors. The objective of this study was to determine the association of hyperuricemia with ischemic stroke in adult patients presenting to neurology department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods:This was a case-control study of 200 patients, 100 patients with stroke and 100 unmatched controls were accessed for vascular risk factors and hyperuricemia. The setting was Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad and study duration was six months (August 2021 to February 2022). Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated to measure the association of ischemic stroke with hyperuricemia for each group. OR\u3e1 was taken as significant. Results:Out of 100 patients in the case group, 25 (25%) had hyperuricemia. Whereas, out of 100 patients in the control group, 07 (7%) had hyperuricemia. The P-value was 0.001. Odds ratio was 4.42. Out of 100 patients in the case group, the median patient age was 35 and the highest patient age was 75. The mean age, symptom duration, and uric acid level were 55.216.24 years, 20.588.97 hours, and 7.212.24 mg/dl, respectively. The control group had 100 patients with an average age of 35 and a maximum age of 75. The median age was 52.48 years old, and the median uric acid level was 2.48 mg/dl. Conclusion:Hyperuricemia is linked positively to occurrence of ischemic stroke as evidenced by the positive odds ratio. Further studies need to be done to investigate whether uric acid lowering therapy is useful in preventing stroke or reducing mortality

Exploring The Relationship Between Egris and The Need For Mechanical Ventilation In Guillain Barré Syndrome

Background and objective: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune system-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy that accounts for approximately 100,000 new patients per year globally. GBS has also been linked to respiratory failure in 20% to 40% of cases. The objective of this study was to find an association between Erasmus GBS respiratory insufficiency score (EGRIS) and the need for mechanical ventilation. Methods: We conducted our cross-sectional study at department of Neurology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences from November 2019 to February 2020. Sixty patients were selected for this study. Data including demographic profile, variant of GBS, and EGRIS was calculated from all the study participants. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: All 60 patients enrolled in the study underwent continuous monitoring during admission time. Out of 60 patients, three (5%) endured mechanical ventilation with a mean EGRIS of 4.5. Others who didn\u27t need mechanical ventilation had mean EGRIS of 1.5. The three patients requiring mechanical ventilation were one each from Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy, and Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy variants of GBS. p-value was non-significant for the presented data. Conclusion: EGRIS could not meet statistical significance in identifying the requirement of mechanical ventilation for GBS in this study. This may be due to low sample size

Association of burnout with doctor–patient relationship and common stressors among postgraduate trainees and house officers in Lahore—a cross-sectional study

Introduction Burnout is defined as a prolonged state of physical and psychological exhaustion. Doctors, due to the demanding nature of their job, are susceptible to facing burnout, which has far reaching implications on their productivity and motivation. It affects the quality of care they provide to patients, thus eroding the doctor–patient relationship which embodies patient centeredness and autonomy. The study aims at addressing the stressors leading to burnout and its effect on the doctor–patient relationship. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study design with convenience (non-probability) sampling technique was employed in six major hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 600 doctors were approached for the study which included house officers or “HOs” (recent graduates doing their 1 year long internship) and post-graduate trainees or “PGRs” (residents for 4–5 years in their specialties). Burnout was measured using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventor (CBI) while attitudes towards the doctor–patient relationship was measured using the Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), which measures two components of the relationship: power sharing and patient caring. Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data via SPSS v.21. Results A total of 515 doctors consented to take part in the study (response rate 85.83%). The final sample consisted of 487 doctors. The burnout score was not associated with the total and caring domain scores of PPOS (P > 0.05). However, it was associated with the power sharing sub-scale of PPOS. Multiple linear regression analysis yielded a significant model, by virtue of which CBI scores were positively associated with factors such as female gender, feeling of burn out, scoring high on sharing domain of PPOS and a lack of personal control while CBI scores were negatively associated with private medical college education, having a significant other, accommodation away from home and a sense of never ending competition. Burnout levels varied significantly between house officers and post graduate trainees. Twenty-three percent of the participants (mostly house officers) had high/very high burnout levels on the CBI (Kristenson’s burnout scoring). Both groups showed significant differences with respect to working hours, smoking status and income. Conclusion Although burnout showed no significant association with total and caring domain scores of PPOS (scale used to assess doctor–patient relationship), it showed a significant association with the power sharing domain of PPOS suggesting some impact on the overall delivery of patient care. Thus, it necessitates the monitoring of stressors in order to provide an atmosphere where patient autonomy can be practiced

A perspective on household dairy farming in district Naushahro Feroze, Sindh Pakistan

A household (HHs) survey was conducted to collect the information on household dairy farming with special reference to management of livestock, milk production and marketing as well as role of livestock in household income in Naushahro Feroze district of Sindh Province of Pakistan. Six hundred households were selected from 40 villages in four out of nine Talukas (administrative units) using multistage clustering method. Estimates of the study revealed that 54% of the households possessed buffaloes. Average number of buffaloes was estimated at 4.28 while 376 (63%) of the household reported cattle with average number of 4.38 heads per household.</p

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Computational data of twenty-seven metformin derivatives

Computational techniques were used to screen twenty-seven metformin-derivatives for their antidiabetic potency. Forty-five different filters (related to physicochemical Properties, Drug-likeness, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology) were used to choose the best entity among the analogues. The current data is the qualitative and quantitative outcome of these filters.</p