Exploring the phenotypic diversity of a Moroccan barley collection conserved ex-situ in the INRA Genebank

Cette étude a pour objectif d'analyser l'étendue de la diversité phénotypique d’une collection constituée de 200 populations locales marocaines d’orge, conservée ex-situ dans la banque de gènes de l’INRA, sur la base de 12 caractères agro-morphologiques en utilisant les indices de diversité et les analyses multi variées. L’indice de Shannon-Weaver (H’) a montré une forte variation pour l’ensemble des caractères étudiés. Le H’ moyen obtenu pour l’ensemble de la collection est de 0,63. Par ailleurs, l’analyse en composantes multiples (ACM) ont permis de structurer la diversité observée en deux grands groupes selon l’origine et la proximité géographique de chaque accession. Le premier groupe est constitué principalement des accessions d’orge issues des montagnes de l’Atlas et du Rif et l’autre groupe est composé des accessions originaires des autres régions agroécologiques du Maroc. Cette diversité pourrait être valorisée pour le développement de variétés à usages multiples. Mots clés : Diversité phénotypique, populations locales, conservation ex-situ, valorisation, banque de gènes, orge.This study was conducted to analyze the extent of phenotypic diversity of a collection consisting of 200 Moroccan barley landraces, conserved ex-situ in the INRA Genebank, on the basis of 12 morphological characters using diversity indices and multivariate analysis. The Shannon-Weaver index (H’) showed a strong variation for all the studied traits. The H’ mean for the entire collection was 0.63. In addition, the multiple component analysis (MCA) structured the observed diversity into two large groups according to the origin and geographic proximity of each accession. The first group consists mainly of barley accessions from the Atlas and Rif mountains and the other group is composed of accessions from other agro-ecological regions of Morocco. This diversity could be exploited for the development of varieties with multiple uses. Keywords: Phenotypic diversity, landraces, ex-situ conservation, valorization, genebank, barley

Landasan Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam: Landasan Filosofis, Sosiologis, dan Teknologis

The aim of this research is to describe and analyze curriculum development based on philosophical, sociological and technological foundations in schools and madrasas. Curriculum development must pay attention to this foundation, because the curriculum is a guide for implementing learning. In developing the curriculum as a document for implementing learning in schools and madrasas, it must pay attention to Pancasila values ​​and traditional values ​​found in the surrounding community. This research uses a qualitative approach with library research. Data sources in this research, researchers used primary data sources and secondary data. Primary data sources include book reference studies, journal articles, the internet and other relevant ones. Meanwhile, secondary data sources in this research are other reference sources which still have relevance to the research focus, namely: the basis for developing the Islamic education curriculum: philosophical, sociological and technological. Then, content was analyzed from several primary and secondary data sources. The aim of this research is to reveal the philosophical, sociological and technological foundations for developing the Islamic education curriculum.Tujuan riset ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pengembangan kurikulum berdasarkan landasan filosofis, sosiologis, dan teknologis di sekolah dan madrasah. Pengembangan kurikulum harus memperhatikan landasan ini, sebab kurikulum sebagai pedoman pelakasanaan pembelajaran. Dalam pengembangan kurikulum sebagai dokumen penyelenggaraan pembelajaran di sekolah dan madrasah harus memperhatikan nilai-nilai Pancasila dan nilai-nilai tradisi yang terdapat di masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis kepustakaan (library research). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Sumber data primer berupa studi referensi buku, artikel jurnal, internet dan yang relevan. Sementara sumber data sekunder dalam penelitian ini berupa sumber-sumber referensi lain yang masih ada relevansinya dengan fokus penelitian yaitu: landasan pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan Islam: filosofis, sosiologis dan teknologis. Kemudian, dari beberapa sumber data primer dan sekunder tersebut dianalisis kontens. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin mengungkap tentang landasan filosofis, sosiologis, dan teknologis pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan Islam. &nbsp

Towards a comprehensive characterization of durum wheat landraces in Moroccan traditional agrosystems: analysing genetic diversity in the light of geography, farmers’ taxonomy and tetraploid wheat domestication history

Background: Crop diversity managed by smallholder farmers in traditional agrosystems is the outcome of historical and current processes interacting at various spatial scales, and influenced by factors such as farming practices and environmental pressures. Only recently have studies started to consider the complexity of these processes instead of simply describing diversity for breeding purposes. A first step in that aim is to add multiple references to the collection of genetic data, including the farmers' varietal taxonomy and practices and the historical background of the crop. Results: On the basis of interview data collected in a previous study, we sampled 166 populations of durum wheat varieties in two traditional Moroccan agrosystems, in the Pre-Rif and Atlas Mountains regions. Using a common garden experiment, we detected a high phenotypic variability on traits indicative of taxonomical position and breeding status, namely spike shape and plant height. Populations often combined modern (short) with traditional-like (tall) statures, and classical durum squared spike shape (5 flowers/spikelet) with flat spike shape (3 flowers/spikelet) representative of primitive domesticated tetraploid wheat (ssp. dicoccum). By contrast, the genetic diversity assessed using 14 microsatellite markers was relatively limited. When compared to the genetic diversity found in a large collection of tetraploid wheat, it corresponded to free-threshing tetraploid wheat. Within Morocco, the two studied regions differed for both genetic diversity and variety names. Within regions, neither geography nor variety names nor even breeding status constituted strong barriers to gene exchange despite a few significant patterns. Conclusions: This first assessment of morphological and genetic diversity allowed pointing out some important factors that may have influenced the structure and evolutionary dynamics of durum wheat in Morocco: the significance of variety names, the occurrence of mixtures within populations, the relative strength of seed exchange between farmers and local adaptation, as well as the fate of modern varieties once they have been introduced. Further, multidisciplinary studies at different spatial scales are needed to better understand these complex agrosystems of invaluable importance for food security

Internalisasi Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Akhlak QS. Al-Furqan Ayat 63 di MTs Miftahul Ulum Rek Kerrek Laok Palengaan Pamekasan

This study aims to describe and analyze the internalization of moral education values ​​contained in QS. Al-Fuqan verse 63 in MTs Miftahul Ulum Rk-Kerrk. The internalization of values ​​of moral education is an urgent matter to continue to be integrated in the learning process. These values ​​are in line with the regulations on character education. Until now, education has become a national discussion because of the many immoral acts of violence, especially among students and even college students. The research method used is qualitative. The data collection techniques of this research were in-depth interviews with informants; intensive observation and observation; and documentation study of relevant documents. The data analysis of this research is to reduce the data to accommodate some data that are considered relevant; presentation of data through relevant qualitative data; and drawing conclusions that lead to the final result. The result of this research is the internalization of QS moral education values. Al-furqan verse 63 is: through habituation of humility; habituation does not say dirty; through exemplary shaking hands; and the habit of reading the Koran before lessons. Constraints on internalizing the values ​​of QS moral education. Al-furqan verse 63 is: lack of awareness of students; lack of parental support; and the lack of binding rules from madrasas.Penelitian ini bertujuan nutuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tentang internalilasi nilai-nilai pendidikan akhlak yang terkandung dalam QS. Al-Fuqan ayat 63 di MTs Miftahul Ulum Rk-Kerrk. Internaliasasi nilai-nilai Pendidikan akhlak merupakan hal yang urgen untuk terus diintegerasikan dalam proses pembelajaran. Nilai-nilai ini, selaras dengan regulasi tentang Pendidikan karakter. Hingga saat ini Pendidikan menjadi perbicangan nasional dikarenakan banyaknya kekerasan-kekerasan yang amoral, khususnya di kalangan siswa bahkan mahasiswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah wawancara yang mendalam kepada informan; observasi dan pengamatan yang intensif; dan studi dokumentasi tentang dokumen-dokumen yang relevan. Analisis data penelitian ini adalah mereduksi data mengakomodir beberapa data yang dianggap relevan; penyajian data melalui data-data kualitatif yang relevan; dan penarikan simpulan yang mengarah kepada hasil akhir. Hasil penelitian adalah internalisasi nilai-nilai Pendidikan akhlak QS. Al-furqan ayat 63 adalah : melalui pembiasaan sikap rendah hati; pembiasaan tidak berkata kotor; melalui keteladanan bersalaman; dan pembiasaan membaca al-Quran sebelum pelajaran. Kendala internalisasi nilai-nilai Pendidikan akhlak QS. Al-furqan ayat 63 adalah: kurangnya kesadran siswa; kurangnya dukungan orang tua siswa; dan kurangnya aturan yang mengikat dari madrasah

Missing values imputation in Arabic datasets using enhanced robust association rules

Missing value (MV) is one form of data completeness problem in massive datasets. To deal with missing values, data imputation methods were proposed with the aim to improve the completeness of the datasets concerned. Data imputation's accuracy is a common indicator of a data imputation technique's efficiency. However, the efficiency of data imputation can be affected by the nature of the language in which the dataset is written. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to normalize the data, especially in non-Latin languages such as the Arabic language. This paper proposes a method that will address the challenge inherent in Arabic datasets by extending the enhanced robust association rules (ERAR) method with Arabic detection and correction functions. Iterative and Decision Tree methods were used to evaluate the proposed method in an experiment. Experiment results show that the proposed method offers a higher data imputation accuracy than the Iterative and decision tree methods

Impact du relief et des circuits semenciers locaux sur la diversité agro-morphologique du blé dur (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) dans la vallée d'Er Rich à Imilchil (Maroc)

Phenotypic diversity of 101 durum wheat landrace populations collected from the oasis of the Oriental Atlas Mountains (Morocco) was studied. Nine characters (morphological and agronomic) were measured on the 3030 lines (30 lines per population). The frequencies of each phenotypic class were used for the estimate and the analysis of diversity, by considering the geographical zones of origin and the gradients of altitude. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’) showed a wide variability for all considered traits. This index varies from one area to another and from one altitudinal class to another. The mean H’ recorded for all areas was 0.62, indicating the presence of a high degree of polymorphism among the studied durum wheat landrace populations. The results of the multiple component analysis and the hierarchical clustering showed that the geographical proximity and altitude play a main function in the discrimination and the structure of the studied durum wheat populations. The information gathered from this study could be used in conventional breeding programs and in situ conservation of the diversity. La diversité phénotypique de 101 populations locales de blé dur issues des oasis de montagnes de l’Atlas oriental (Maroc) a été étudiée. Neuf caractères (morphologiques et agronomiques) ont été mesurés sur les 3030 lignées (30 lignées par population). Les fréquences de chaque classe phénotypique ont été utilisées pour l’estimation et l’analyse de la diversité, en considérant les zones géographiques d’origine et les gradients d’altitude. L’indice de diversité de Shannon-Weaver (H’) a montré une forte variabilité pour l’ensemble des caractères considérés. Cet indice varie d’une zone à une autre et d’une classe d’altitude à une autre. Le H’ moyen obtenu pour l’ensemble des zones est de 0,62, indiquant la présence d’un degré élevé de polymorphisme au sein des populations locales de blé dur collectées. Les résultats de l’analyse en composantes multiples ainsi que de la classification hiérarchique ont montré que la proximité géographique et l’altitude jouent un rôle majeur dans la discrimination ainsi que sur la structuration des populations de blé dur étudiées. Les informations recueillies à partir de ces résultats peuvent être exploitées dans des programmes de sélection conventionnels et de conservation in situ de la diversité. Mots clés: Populations locales, diversité phénotypique, structuration, conservation in situ, blé dur (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum)

Building Character in Sufism-Based Students in Madrasah West Kalimantan

This article discusses building the character of Sufism-based students in Madrasah in West Kalimantan. The research used is qualitative research through a descriptive approach to understand the object of research naturally. Descriptive analysis is an analysis that uses narratives related to data found at the research site in explaining the intentions, content, and results of the study. The steps of this study are Data collection, Data Reduction, Data Analysis, and Conclusion. The results of this study show that in building the character of Sufism-based students, it aims to influence thoughts and deeds that are following Islamic values. In building the character of students in Madrasah in West Kalimantan, Sufism-based consists of several values, namely: 1) religious; 2) tolerance; 3) social care; 4) friendly; 5) nationalism; 6) cooperation; 7) honesty

Pendidikan Islam Humanis Religius Sebagai Alternatif Pengembangan Multiple Intelligence

Tujuan riset ini untuk mengunggkap bagaimana praktik pendidikan Islam sejak awal perkembangan sampai hari ini. Sampai hari ini praktik  dan orientasi pendidikan Islam cenderung kepada pengembangan intelektual. Selain itu, pendidikan Islam juga berorientasi pada pengembangan keshalihan spiritual. Agama Islam hanya dipahami sekedar sebagai pengetahuan dan kumpulan informasi yang harus diberikan kepada peserta didik. Pengembangan sikap sosial atau yang disebut keshalihan sosial seharusnya mendapat perhatian penting dalam praktik pendidikan Islam baik di sekolah maupun  madrasah sebagai salah satu institusi sosial yang salah satunya bertugas mengembangkan keshalihan sosial anak. Namun, problematika terjadi pengembangan keshalihan sosial seakan tidak  mendapat perhatian utama. Peserta didik hanya sekedar menghafal dan mengumpulan pengetahuan agama. Keshalihan sosial seharusnya mendapat perhatian utama dalam pendidikan Islam. Keshalihan sosial erat kaitannya dengan sikap peduli sosial, saling tolong menolong, gotong royong, solidaritas, saling menghargai dan menghormati perbedaan kultural, suku, etnis, ras, bahasa maupun agama atau aliran kepercayaan. Tidak kalah penting, dalam pengembangan keshalihan sosial anak adalah bagaimana menghormati, menghargai dan mencintai kekayaan dan keragaman nasional Indonesia yang plural dan multikultural. Oleh karena itu, melalui riset ini peneliti menawarkan sebuah alternatif dalam mengembangkan pendidikan Islam yang seimbangan antara aspek keshalihan spiritual dan keshalihan sosial