study on the chopping and mixing of cotton stalks with soil

This study examined the methods adopted in Turkey to remove cotton stalks remaining in the field after the cotton harvest and quantified the efficiency of different mechanized stalk choppers. In this study, theperformance of three different types of cotton stalk choppers was assessed (chain-type, splined-type and vertical-blade rotating dredge). Field experiments were conducted with each type to determine the proportion of non-uprooted cotton stalks; mean “post-chopping height” of the stalks, measured from soil surface; and the frequency distribution of the piece length of the stalks scattered around the field or mixed with soil after chopping. In addition, the workforce requirement, using time and fuel consumption of each type of chopper was calculated. The lowest fuel consumption was recorded by the chain-type stalk chopper (5.0 l/da), while the highest fuel consumption was recorded by the vertical-blade rotatingdredge (7.1 l/ha). The largest “mean post-chopping piece size” was achieved by the vertical-blade rotating dredge plus geared cylinder (28.36 cm), while the smallest size was recorded by the splinedtype stalk chopper (13.38 cm). The highest rate of stalks mixed with the soil after chopping was achieved by the splined-type stalk copper (92.5%)

History and social sciences teacher's professional activity in the context of IT-development of education

© The authors. The urgency of a studied problem is caused by requirements of a federal state educational standard of the general education assuming a new approach to the development of a lesson in the conditions of the modern information-educational environment. In this regard it is necessary for a teacher to seize appropriate technology of preparation of a lesson. The article is aimed at the analysis of didactic characteristics and possibilities of the information-educational environment by means of which it is possible to build effectively the educational process in new conditions. The leading approach to the research of this problem was system-activity approach, which allows realizing the principles of designing a lesson in the information-educational environment, being an important tool of the analysis of planned educational results. The article disclosed the role, presented the content and revealed the features of professional activity of the teacher in the conditions of informatization of education and also emphasized their influence on the achievement of planned educational results. The materials of the article can be useful to teachers of history and social science while designing a lesson in the information-educational environment, at definition and analysis of planned educational results, selection of types of the educational activity corresponding to planned educational results and selection of tutorials for realization of these types of educational activity

The structure and content of the educational program for the development of reflective thinking of children at the lessons of history

© Serials Publications.The relevance of the studied problem is caused by the need to improve methods of teaching history for the purpose of reflective thinking development of children. The article is focused on the development of reflective thinking in order to improve educational programs in history. The leading approach to study this problem was the design approach that allows selection and structuring of the basic components of the program, their unity provide an effective development of the abilities of pupils to analyze information and allocate the main thing in it, determine the essential features, etc. The research helps to design the structure and content of the program for the development of reflective thinking of children at the lessons of history. It was found that reflective thinking of children at the lessons of history can be developed efficiently by the targeted psychological-pedagogical influence on the process of assimilation of historical concepts and formation of verbal skills to express the content of the concept of different types of judgments. Methodical recommendations for the development of reflective thinking of children at the lessons of history have been developed. Materials can become the basis of effective organization of educational process at the lessons of history, and can be used by the authors of textbooks and teaching materials for historical subjects

Substantive, methodological and organizational discourse in oriental history learning at school and university

© 2015, Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved. Currently, the system of education in Russia is changing radically. One of the factors behind the process of education reorganization, university education in particular, is the process of globalization and computerization. Advanced concepts and the best practices of market-leading educational services (especially in the US and the UK) made it possible to develop the national education model with the aim to solve a number of problems related to the formation of a modern education model, historical education including, such as future demand for specialists, efficiency of the knowledge obtained, and mobility of professional qualifications under present conditions. The article focuses on the issues of training history teachers at universities as well as the issues related to teaching history, especially world history, at schools. The authors discuss relevant issues concerning the ways of improving methodology and technologies in history teachers’ school practice, analyze the methods for increasing motivation of history students through implementation of innovative educational technologies, and outline the guidelines for intensifying students’ learning activities in preparation for their final exam in history

Anthrax in Eastern Turkey, 1992–2004

We investigated animal and human anthrax cases during a 13-year period in eastern Turkey. From 1992 to 2004, a total of 464 animal and 503 human anthrax cases were detected. Most cases occurred in summer. Anthrax remains a health problem in eastern Turkey, and preventive measures should be taken

The role of the educational environment in the adaptation of children from migrant families

© Serials Publications. The relevance of the research problem is in need of understanding of the leading factors in the educational environment, influencing the process of socio-cultural adaptation of migrant children and a personal orientation in the educational process. The article describes the options of adaptation of migrant children in the educational environment, which is the foundation of social and cultural adaptation. This is determined by its diverse functions and potential, supporting the integrating of a child into society on the cognitive and behavioral levels. The article outlines the possibility of forming a specific system of relations and a favorable psychological climate in a multicultural educational environment. A leading approach to the study of this problem is the criterial-oriented approach based on two sociological paradigms - interactionism (analysis of the role of social, cultural and educational environment in the process of adaptation) and structural functionalism (the study of the social functions of migration, mechanisms of adaptation of ethnic migrants, the research of features of cognitive-behavioral sphere of children-migrants). The article may be useful for teachers of secondary schools, teachers, organizing education and training of migrant children in educational organizations and children's groups for extracurricular activities

Opioid-Induced Nausea Involves a Vestibular Problem Preventable by Head-Rest

Background and Aims Opioids are indispensable for pain treatment but may cause serious nausea and vomiting. The mechanism leading to these complications is not clear. We investigated whether an opioid effect on the vestibular system resulting in corrupt head motion sensation is causative and, consequently, whether head-rest prevents nausea. Methods Thirty-six healthy men (26.6 +/- 4.3 years) received an opioid remifentanil infusion (45 min, 0.15 mu g/kg/min). Outcome measures were the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain determined by video-head-impulse-testing, and nausea. The first experiment (n = 10) assessed outcome measures at rest and after a series of five 1-Hz forward and backward head-trunk movements during one-time remifentanil administration. The second experiment (n = 10) determined outcome measures on two days in a controlled crossover design: (1) without movement and (2) with a series of five 1-Hz forward and backward head-trunk bends 30 min after remifentanil start. Nausea was psychophysically quantified (scale from 0 to 10). The third controlled crossover experiment (n = 16) assessed nausea (1) without movement and (2) with head movement;isolated head movements consisting of the three axes of rotation (pitch, roll, yaw) were imposed 20 times at a frequency of 1 Hz in a random, unpredictable order of each of the three axes. All movements were applied manually, passively with amplitudes of about +/- 45 degrees. Results The VOR gain decreased during remifentanil administration (p<0.001),averaging 0.92 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- standard deviation) before, 0.60 +/- 0.12 with, and 0.91 +/- 0.05 after infusion. The average half-life of VOR recovery was 5.3 +/- 2.4 min. 32/36 subjects had no nausea at rest (nausea scale 0.00/0.00 median/interquartile range). Head-trunk and isolated head movement triggered nausea in 64% (p<0.01) with no difference between head-trunk and isolated head movements (nausea scale 4.00/7.25 and 1.00/4.5, respectively). Conclusions Remifentanil reversibly decreases VOR gain at a half-life reflecting the drug's pharmacokinetics. We suggest that the decrease in VOR gain leads to a perceptual mismatch of multisensory input with the applied head movement, which results in nausea, and that, consequently, vigorous head movements should be avoided to prevent opioid-induced nausea

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF BEET WEBWORM MOTHS ON SUNFLOWER FIELDS USING MULTITEMPORAL SENTINEL-2 SATELLITE IMAGERY AND VEGETATION INDICES

Remote sensing technology plays a crucial role in detecting and monitoring environmental issues, offering the ability to monitor large areas, diagnose problems early, and facilitate accurate interventions. By integrating in-situ data with qualitative measurements obtained from satellite images, comprehensive insights can be obtained, and statistical inferences can be established. This study focuses on analyzing the damages caused by beet webworm moths (Loxostege sticticalis) in sunflower fields located in the Ortaca neighborhood of Tekirdağ province in Thrace region, utilizing Sentinel-2 satellite images and in-situ data collected from the sunflower fields in Ortaca. The relationship between different spectral indices, such as the Enhanced Vegetation Index, Chlorophyll Index Green, and spectral transformation techniques like Tasseled Cap Greenness, derived from Sentinel-2 satellite images, and the observed damage rates in various sunflower fields' in-situ data was investigated. The results revealed a negative correlation between the variables, highlighting EVI as the most effective indicator of damage among the plant indices. Leveraging these findings, a damage map was generated using EVI, enabling visual interpretation of the damage status in other sunflower fields within the study area. These findings offer valuable insights into the impact of pests on sunflower crops, despite the accuracy evaluation results falling below the desired level, with an overall accuracy of 75% and a Kappa accuracy of 65%, attributed to the limited availability of in-situ data