Feeding and waste management strategies in the culture of Clarias gariepinus

Nutrient digestibility and amino acid availability were assessed in sharp-toothed catfish, Clarias gariepinus, fingerlings fed diets containing soyabean flour (SF) - Poultry meat meal (PMM) blends (25:75. 50:50, and 75:25) and 0.5 of 1.0%, Cr sub(2)0 sub(3). There was agreement between the pattern of overall protein digestibility and average amino acid availability despite the variability in individual amino acid availability the best dry matter, lipid and protein digestibility coefficients, and amino acid availability values were obtained with diets containing 0.5% Cr sub(2)0 sub(3). Chromic Oxide inclusion level appeared to affect nutrient availability. Increased marker level resulted into decreased nutrient digestibility coefficients. Similarly, these diets generated lower fecal crude protein than those with 1.0% Cr sub(2)0 sub(3). However, the latter group recorded higher protein retention efficiency. Dry mailer and lipid of diets containing more soyabean flour seemed to be more digestible than those of poultry meat meal. Similar trend was observed for the apparent availability of the amino acids. This investigation has indicated that low level of marker was better in digestibility study. Utilization of more SF than PMM in the diets of this catfish was more beneficial and should be encouraged in the feed industries producing catfish diets towards a better feed and waste management strategies in this aquaculture operatio

Numerical Study on Mechanism of Nanoparticle Formation in High Temperature Reactor

Properties of nanoparticles are size-dependent, therefore nucleation and growth of particle is often difficult. The population balance model has been developed to study the mechanism of nanoparticles formation in high temperature reactor. Processes responsible for particle formation and growth are considered by homogeneous nucleation, condensation and Brownian coagulation. Parameters such as temperature, residence time and reactant concentrations influencing particle size are investigated. The population balance model is the dynamic model that describes the evolution of the aerosol size distribution with time. The method of moments was used to solve the dynamic equation under the assumption of log-normal size distribution. The model was validated with existing model

Digestibility and nutrient utilization of soybean milk concentrate based diets in Oreochromis niloticus

The digestibility and utilisation of two fresh soybean milk concentrate based diets, two stale soybean milk concentrate based diets and two Fishman based diets serving as control, at optimal (30%) and suboptimal (20%) protein levels were evaluated in Oreochromis niloticus. The diets were as follows: Diet I (control) - fishmeal based diet at 30% crude protein, Diet II (control) Fishman based diet at 20% crude protein, Diet III - fresh soybean milk concentrate based diet at 30% crude protein, Diet IV - fresh soybean milk concentrate based diet at 20%, Diet V - stale soybean milk concentrate based diet at 30% crude protein, Diet VI-stale soybean milk concentrate based diet at 20%. Dry matter digestibility differed not significantly with variation in diets (P:0.05). A significant variation was recorded in the protein, lipid and ash digestibility. Proteins were more digestible at optimum than suboptimum level. Ash digestibility was lowest of all the nutrients. Variations in the utilisation of the diets in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, food conversion ration, protein efficiency ration and apparent net protein utilization were insignificant (P: 0.05). All diets compared favourably with the standard control diet Diet I. This findings suggest the suitability of stale soybean milk concentrate utilisation as protein supplements in the diets of late fry Oreochromis niloticu

Dietary carbohydrate requirement of Heterobranchus longifilis

The dietary carbohydrate requirement of Heterobranchus longifilis was evaluated in two separate experiments.In the first experiment, varying levels of carbohydrate ranging from 28, 24 to58 72% were fed to the fish of mean weight 1.83~c0.02g. Results revealed that the polynomial regression curve for the mean weight gain and the carbohydrate levels did not present a point where Y-max is equal to X-max and so the requirement was not obtained. The second experiment was therefore, conducted with lower levels of carbohydrate ranging from 17.00 to 20.86% and fed to fish with mean weight 0.49~c0.02g. Based on growth and feed efficiency data the carbohydrate requirement was determined to be 19.5

Digestibility and nutrient utilisation of soybean bran-based diets in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

The digestibility and utilisation of two soybean bran-based diets and two fishmeal-based diets serving as control, at optimal (30%) and suboptimal (20%) protein levels were evaluated in Oreochromis niloticus. These were Diet I (Control)-fishmeal based diet at 30% crude protein, Diet II (Control) - fishmeal based diet at 20% crude protein, Diet III - hydrolysed Soybean Bran based diet at 30% crude protein, Diet IV - hydrolysed Soybean Bran based diet at 20%. Dry matter digestibility differed insignificantly with variation in diets (P<0.05). There was significant variation in the protein (p 20.05), lipid and ash digestibility. Protein was more digestible at optimum level than sub-optimum level, while lipid and ash digestibility did not vary with their inclusion levels. Variation in the utilisation of the diets was significant (P<0.05) except for survival. It was observed that the best diet was Diet 1, closely followed by Diet II with highest values of mean final weight, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and the apparent net protein utilisation. The high digestibility values of Diets III and IV suggests their inclusion in fish diet to spare protein for growt

The impact of subtitled movies on vocabulary development

Learning new vocabulary compromises a significant factor for success within language learning since without the adequate knowledge of words and their meaning, learners are not able to use the target language efficiently. Moreover, vocabulary tends to be forgotten if it is not acquired and used through the right methods that will provide learners with language inputs in genuine target language environment. In this regard, the increasing access to different multimedia and technology resources facilitate spontaneous vocabulary acquisition for the contemporary age learners. In particular, movies with subtitles can be a great tool in bringing students closer to authentic real life communication vocabulary. As a result, previous studies have found out several benefits of using subtitled movies by confirming that subtitles indeed improve vocabulary development

SKOPJE IN THE WORKS OF FRENCH TRAVEL WRITERS IN THE SECOND DECADE OF THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

The City of Skopje was presented in many works by domestic and foreign authors, but the subject of this seminar paper is Skopje in the works of French travel writers, who visited and wrote their impressions of this city in the second decade of the XIX and early XX centuries.In the second decade of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the European public was very interested about the situation on the Macedonian land. It’s the time of the Balkan Wars and the First World War, and the French travel writers, among which military officers also wrote about these events. Besides political and events in the battlefields, also wrote about cultural processes, spiritual and material culture, and they also wrote about the cities through which they passed, and among the most important cities was Skopje.French travel writers Ami Boué, Commander Leon Lamouche, General Herr Frédéric-Georges, Louis Léger, Gabriel Louis-Jaray, André Cherdamme, Colonel André Orioni and other travel writers stayed on the Macedonian land, and passing through Skopje they wrote about people, the town, the architecture, religious objects and they presented their works to the European and French readers.In this paper we used the methodology of historical analysis and heuristics, methods of analysis and synthesis, literature of travel writers in French, and we compared this material and made an analysis of the content and argument synthesis in order to get to objective conclusions.In this paper we have tried to prove that during the second decade of the twentieth century in Skopje there was a rich spiritual and material cultural and that this was recorded by French travel writers.Keywords: travel writers, Skopje, Macedonia, culture, architecture