Slowly Rotating General Relativistic Superfluid Neutron Stars with Relativistic Entrainment

Neutron stars that are cold enough should have two or more superfluids/supercondutors in their inner crusts and cores. The implication of superfluidity/superconductivity for equilibrium and dynamical neutron star states is that each individual particle species that forms a condensate must have its own, independent number density current and equation of motion that determines that current. An important consequence of the quasiparticle nature of each condensate is the so-called entrainment effect, i.e. the momentum of a condensate is a linear combination of its own current and those of the other condensates. We present here the first fully relativistic modelling of slowly rotating superfluid neutron stars with entrainment that is accurate to the second-order in the rotation rates. The stars consist of superfluid neutrons, superconducting protons, and a highly degenerate, relativistic gas of electrons. We use a relativistic $\sigma$ - $\omega$ mean field model for the equation of state of the matter and the entrainment. We determine the effect of a relative rotation between the neutrons and protons on a star's total mass, shape, and Kepler, mass-shedding limit.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures, uses ReVTeX

Energy and Flux Measurements of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays Observed During the First ANITA Flight

The first flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment recorded 16 radio signals that were emitted by cosmic-ray induced air showers. For 14 of these events, this radiation was reflected from the ice. The dominant contribution to the radiation from the deflection of positrons and electrons in the geomagnetic field, which is beamed in the direction of motion of the air shower. This radiation is reflected from the ice and subsequently detected by the ANITA experiment at a flight altitude of 36km. In this paper, we estimate the energy of the 14 individual events and find that the mean energy of the cosmic-ray sample is 2.9 EeV. By simulating the ANITA flight, we calculate its exposure for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We estimate for the first time the cosmic-ray flux derived only from radio observations. In addition, we find that the Monte Carlo simulation of the ANITA data set is in agreement with the total number of observed events and with the properties of those events.Comment: Added more explanation of the experimental setup and textual improvement

The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna Ultra-high Energy Neutrino Detector Design, Performance, and Sensitivity for 2006-2007 Balloon Flight

We present a detailed report on the experimental details of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) long duration balloon payload, including the design philosophy and realization, physics simulations, performance of the instrument during its first Antarctic flight completed in January of 2007, and expectations for the limiting neutrino detection sensitivity. Neutrino physics results will be reported separately.Comment: 50 pages, 49 figures, in preparation for PR

Macrosocial determinants of population health in the context of globalization

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55738/1/florey_globalization_2007.pd

Discharge against medical advice in a pediatric emergency center in the State of Qatar

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze cases that had left the Pediatric Emergency Center Al Sadd, Doha (PEC) against medical advice, with the aim of developing policies to help reduce this occurrence. Methodology: All patients that were admitted to the main PEC observation room for treatment and/or investigation and subsequently left against medical advice from February 18, 2007 to June 18, 2007, were followed by a phone call, and a questionnaire, which was completed by the departmental patient representative. Results: 99,133 patients attended the facility during the study period. Of those, 106 left the facility against medical advice. Ninety-four guardians were successfully contacted. 90% of the cases were in children below 2 years of age. In 87% of the cases the mother was the main decision maker for leaving against medical advice. Domestic obligations were the leading cause of DAMA (discharge against medical advice), reported in 45% of the cases. Respondents reported that the consequences of DAMA were well explained by medical staff before they left the facility however, they had not met with the departmental patient representative during their stay. Conclusion:As the majority of DAMA cases occurred in infants, medical staff should address the concerns of this group early on in the course of treatment. Maintaining communication and providing support, in particular for mothers of higher risk groups may help to reduce the rate of DAMA cases

Grammatica, lessico e dimensioni di variazione nella LIS

I contributi raccolti in questo volume illustrano la ricerca più recente sulla lingua dei segni italiana e si soffermano in particolare su alcuni aspetti grammaticali e lessicali soggetti a variazione. Vengono presentate anche le motivazioni, il percorso e le scelte metodologiche che hanno portato alla creazione del Corpus LIS, un corpus di filmati che documentano le produzioni di 165 segnanti provenienti da 10 città (Torino, Milano, Brescia, Bologna, Firenze, Roma, Salerno, Bari, Catanzaro, Ragusa) e che è rappresentativo delle varietà di LIS utilizzate nel territorio nazionale. I risultati delle prime indagini effettuate sul Corpus LIS rivelano i tratti, talvolta sorprendenti, del processo di standardizzazione in atto. Sono discusse anche alcune situazioni particolari di uso della LIS: quando si modifica per adattarsi alla situazione di sordocecità dei segnanti, quando è parlata da bilingui udenti, e quando è il risultato di una traduzione. Il volume si rivolge non solo a assistenti alla comunicazione, studenti e interpreti di LIS, ma anche a studenti e specialisti di linguistica e di altre lingue, che vogliano comparare le lingue vocali con una lingua segnata. Per i sordi segnanti si tratta di uno strumento per riflettere sulla propria lingua, un aspetto importante della propria cultura