Multiple disease resistance in snap bean genotypes in Kenya

Snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important export vegetable crop, produced mainly by small to medium scale farmers under various disease constraints. Disease resistant varieties can reduce reliance on fungicides, and enhance the capacities of smallholder farmers to meet the stringent European export requirements for allowable fungicide residues. This study was carried out to identify snap bean lines with multiple disease resistance to angular leaf spot ( Phaeoisareopsis griseola ), anthracnose ( Collectotrichum lindemuthianum ) and rust ( Uromyces appendiculatus ). Seven groups of snap bean populations of different generations, and 45 bush snap bean lines, including local checks, were evaluated for resistance to the three diseases at two locations in Kenya. The disease with the highest severity was rust, followed by angular leaf spot. Among the advanced lines, two bush lines (KSB 10 W and KSB 10 BR), and one climbing line (HAV 130) had consistent multiple resistance to angular leaf spot, anthracnose and rust at both locations. Nine lines and 674 single plants were selected from populations showing multiple disease resistance. Resistance in selected lines reduced angular leaf spot, anthracnose and rust severity by 17, 16 and 36%, respectively. The multiple disease resistant lines were not the highest yielders but had the highest number of pods per plant. Climbing snap bean lines had thick pods that could reduce pod quality.Le haricot vert ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) est une importante l\ue9gume d\u2019exportation, produite principalement par de petits fermiers sous diff\ue9rentes contraintes de maladies. Des vari\ue9t\ue9s r\ue9sistantes aux maladies peuvent r\ue9duire l\u2019utilisation de fongicides, et promouvoir la capacit\ue9 des petits fermiers \ue0 satisfaire les exigencies rigoureuses des exportations europ\ue9ennes en r\ue9sidus acceptables de fongicides. Cette \ue9tude \ue9tait m\ue9n\ue9e afin d\u2019identifier des lign\ue9es de haricots verts avec multiple r\ue9sistance \ue0 la t\ue2che angulaire des feuilles ( Phaeoisareopsis griseola ), \ue0 l\u2019anthracnose ( Collectotrichum lindemuthianum ) et \ue0 la rouille ( Uromyces appendiculatus ). Sept groupes de populations de diff\ue9rentes g\ue9n\ue9rations, et 45 lign\ue9es de haricots verts nains incluant les t\ue9moins locaux, \ue9taient \ue9valu\ue9s pour r\ue9sistance aux trois maladies dans deux localisations au Kenya. La maladie avec une s\ue9v\ue9rit\ue9 la plus \ue9lev\ue9e \ue9tait la roulle, suivie par la t\ue2che angulaire des feuilles. Parmi les lign\ue9es avanc\ue9es, deux lign\ue9es naines (KSB 10 W et KSB 10 BR), et une volubile (HAV 130) avaient une resistance multiple consistante \ue0 la t\ue2che angulaire des feuilles, \ue0 l\u2019anthracnose et \ue0 la rouille dans toutes les deux localisations. Neuf lign\ue9es et 674 plantes simples s\ue9lectionnn\ue9es des populations avaient montr\ue9 une r\ue9sistance multiple aux maladies. La r\ue9sistance dans les lign\ue9es s\ue9lectionn\ue9es avaient r\ue9duit la s\ue9verit\ue9 de la t\ue2che angulaire des feuilles, de l\u2019anthracnose et de la rouille de 17, 16 et 36%, respectivement. Les lign\ue9es de r\ue9sistance multiple n\u2019avaient pas des rendements plus \ue9lev\ue9s mais avaient un nombre plus \ue9lev\ue9 de gousses par plante. Les lign\ue9es de haricots verts volubiles avaient des gousses \ue9paisses susceptibles \ue0 r\ue9duire la qualit\ue9 de gousses

Multiple disease resistance in snap bean genotypes in Kenya

Snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important export vegetable crop, produced mainly by small to medium scale farmers under various disease constraints. Disease resistant varieties can reduce reliance on fungicides, and enhance the capacities of smallholder farmers to meet the stringent European export requirements for allowable fungicide residues. This study was carried out to identify snap bean lines with multiple disease resistance to angular leaf spot ( Phaeoisareopsis griseola ), anthracnose ( Collectotrichum lindemuthianum ) and rust ( Uromyces appendiculatus ). Seven groups of snap bean populations of different generations, and 45 bush snap bean lines, including local checks, were evaluated for resistance to the three diseases at two locations in Kenya. The disease with the highest severity was rust, followed by angular leaf spot. Among the advanced lines, two bush lines (KSB 10 W and KSB 10 BR), and one climbing line (HAV 130) had consistent multiple resistance to angular leaf spot, anthracnose and rust at both locations. Nine lines and 674 single plants were selected from populations showing multiple disease resistance. Resistance in selected lines reduced angular leaf spot, anthracnose and rust severity by 17, 16 and 36%, respectively. The multiple disease resistant lines were not the highest yielders but had the highest number of pods per plant. Climbing snap bean lines had thick pods that could reduce pod quality.Le haricot vert ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) est une importante légume d’exportation, produite principalement par de petits fermiers sous différentes contraintes de maladies. Des variétés résistantes aux maladies peuvent réduire l’utilisation de fongicides, et promouvoir la capacité des petits fermiers à satisfaire les exigencies rigoureuses des exportations européennes en résidus acceptables de fongicides. Cette étude était ménée afin d’identifier des lignées de haricots verts avec multiple résistance à la tâche angulaire des feuilles ( Phaeoisareopsis griseola ), à l’anthracnose ( Collectotrichum lindemuthianum ) et à la rouille ( Uromyces appendiculatus ). Sept groupes de populations de différentes générations, et 45 lignées de haricots verts nains incluant les témoins locaux, étaient évalués pour résistance aux trois maladies dans deux localisations au Kenya. La maladie avec une sévérité la plus élevée était la roulle, suivie par la tâche angulaire des feuilles. Parmi les lignées avancées, deux lignées naines (KSB 10 W et KSB 10 BR), et une volubile (HAV 130) avaient une resistance multiple consistante à la tâche angulaire des feuilles, à l’anthracnose et à la rouille dans toutes les deux localisations. Neuf lignées et 674 plantes simples sélectionnnées des populations avaient montré une résistance multiple aux maladies. La résistance dans les lignées sélectionnées avaient réduit la séverité de la tâche angulaire des feuilles, de l’anthracnose et de la rouille de 17, 16 et 36%, respectivement. Les lignées de résistance multiple n’avaient pas des rendements plus élevés mais avaient un nombre plus élevé de gousses par plante. Les lignées de haricots verts volubiles avaient des gousses épaisses susceptibles à réduire la qualité de gousses

Multiple disease resistance in snap bean genotypes in Kenya

Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important export vegetable crop, produced mainly by small to medium scale farmers under various disease constraints. Disease resistant varieties can reduce reliance on fungicides, and enhance the capacities of smallholder farmers to meet the stringent European export requirements for allowable fungicide residues. This study was carried out to identify snap bean lines with multiple disease resistance to angular leaf spot (Phaeoisareopsis griseola), anthracnose (Collectotrichum lindemuthianum) and rust (Uromyces appendiculatus). Seven groups of snap bean populations of different generations, and 45 bush snap bean lines, including local checks, were evaluated for resistance to the three diseases at two locations in Kenya. The disease with the highest severity was rust, followed by angular leaf spot. Among the advanced lines, two bush lines (KSB 10 W and KSB 10 BR), and one climbing line (HAV 130) had consistent multiple resistance to angular leaf spot, anthracnose and rust at both locations. Nine lines and 674 single plants were selected from populations showing multiple disease resistance. Resistance in selected lines reduced angular leaf spot, anthracnose and rust severity by 17, 16 and 36%, respectively. The multiple disease resistant lines were not the highest yielders but had the highest number of pods per plant. Climbing snap bean lines had thick pods that could reduce pod qualit

تاثير مركب باليديوم جديد على السرطان

A series of novel mononuclear 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA)-based palladacycles were prepared by cleaving μ-Cl binuclear orthopalladated dimers of substituted benzylidene-2,6-diisopropylphenylamines. All complexes were fully characterized using IR and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry as well as elemental analysis. In-vitro evaluation of the complexes as anti-cancer agents against the breast-cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB 231 as well the melanoma cell line ME1402 shows that four of the five complexes tested are active. These palladacycles exhibit their cytotoxicity by inducing DNA damage which subsequently triggers apoptosis. DNA binding studies using electrophoresis and spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-Vis and circular dichroism spectroscopy, confirms that the palladacycle, C2 definitely interacts with DNA. Results from these DNA binding experiments seem to rule out co-valent and intercalative binding, pointing rather to a non-covalent interaction, with electrostatic binding being the most likely possibility. It is envisioned that this would probably involve a hydrolysed or solvated derivative of C2.تم تصنيع واختبار عقار جديد مشتق من novel mononuclear 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA)-based palladacycles ضد مجموعة من الخلايا السرطانية. المركب اثبت فعالية باحداث الموت للخلايا